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Hemikolektomie rechts OFFEN –
was sonst?
Hermann Kessler, M.D. Ph.D., FACS
Department of Colorectal Surgery Digestive Disease Institute
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
Rectal Cancer
Moynihan 1908: “We have not yet
sufficiently realized that the surgery
of malignant disease is not the
surgery of organs; it is the anatomy
of the lymphatic system”
Suggestion of “high tie”
Cirocchi R et al, Surg Oncol 2012;21:e111-123
Ann Surg 1909; 50: 1077-90
1982, Data from England
Local recurrence of
rectal cancer
• Common in 20-35%
• Cause “unknown” but
obsession with distal
margin and distal
spread
• 90% mortality
• Long unpleasant death
Bill Heald & Phil Quirke
The Circumferential Resection Margin
Quirke et al 1986
The rectal cancer story
V. Schmieden 1940
Colon Cancer Survival
„No touch“ vs. “Conventional“
Rupert B.Turnbull 1967 and 1970
* age adjusted
all patients* 81,6% Dukes C* 67,3%
observed all patients 68,85% 52,13% Dukes C* 57,84% 28,06%
Turnbull Conventional
R. Turnbull 1967
R.Turnbull 1967
Surgery of Right Sided Colon Cancer in 2010
right branch of middle colic artery
dissected, ready to clamp
right colic artery
ilecolic artery
superior mesenteric artery
Colon Cancer
„Central Tie“
Colon Carcinoma Locoregional Recurrences
All patients 4- 24%
Stage I 0 - 9%
Stage II 1- 18%
Stage III 9- 38%
SGCRC
Colon Carcinoma 5-Year Survival Rates
* tumor related
tumor related, no adjuvant therapy
All Departments
UICC-Stage I 96.6% 92.8 - 100% 95.5% 100%
UICC-Stage II 89.5% 85.4 - 93.8% 90.4% 96.7%
UICC-Stage III 61.6% 54.4 - 69.7% 72.2% 80.4%
R0, all stages 80.9% 77.3 – 84.6% 86.6% 93.6%
all „best surgeon“
SGCRC* ERCRC°
Colon Carcinoma Observed Survival Rates
° Kube et al 2009
* Schrag et al 2010
All patients UICC stage III
Middle Franconia 50,0 % 52,0 %
1998 - 2007
German Study Group° 52,7 %
Colorectal Cancer
Dept. of Surgery, Univ. of Erlangen 58,7 % 84,9 %
1995 - 2002
SEERS pT1 N1 73,0 %
1992 - 2004 pT3 N1 54,9 %
pT3 N2 38,1 %
USA
„very high volume“ * 49,6 % 44,0 %
Sugihara/Tokyo 77,2 %
2000-2004: 90,2%
1995-1999: 87,2%
1990-1994: 84,6%
1985-1989: 83,6%
1978-1984: 82,1% Stages I-III, R0, Erlangen Registry 1978-2004
Colon Cancer
Cancer related 5-Year Survival
Related to Periods
Stage III, R0,
Erlanger Register
1978-2004
2000-2004: 81,8%
1995-1999: 73,7%
1990-1994: 74,0%
1985-1989: 69,0%
1978-1984: 62,0 %
Colon Cancer
Cancer related 5-Years Survival
Related to Periods
Colon Cancer Paracolic Lymph Node Involvement
06
03
03
Ho
he
nb
erg
er
Lymph node involvement < pT category Hida J et al, Cancer 1997 80(2),188-192
Data from Tokyo
Courtesy
Prof. Solveig Anderson/Oslo
Colorectal Cancer
Specimen Retrieval
Grading of Quality
Colonic planes
Muscularis propria
Intramesocolic
Mesocolic
Rectal planes
Muscularis propria
Intramesorectal
Mesorectal
Phil Quirke, Nich. West / Leeds
Colorectal Cancer
Specimen Retrieval
Grading of Quality
Colonic planes
Muscularis propria
Intramesocolic
Mesocolic
‘Mesocolic plus high ties’ –
defined by measurement
Rectal planes
Muscularis propria
Intramesorectal
Mesorectal
Phil Quirke, Nich. West / Leeds
Surgery for Colon Cancer
Complete Mesocolic Excicion (CME)
Preservation of the mesocolic plane
by sharp dissection off the parietal
plane (turning embryology back)
Regional and central lymph node dissection with high tie of suppling vessels
Colonic cancer – planes of surgery
Muscularis propria Intramesocolic Mesocolic
plane plane plane
Major defects in mesocolon Into mesocolon but not Smooth serosal/mesocolic
and down onto down onto the mesentery only very
muscularis propria muscularis propria minor defects
Muscularis propria plane Intramesorectal plane Mesorectal plane
Colon Cancer Complete Mesocolic Excision (CME)
Quality of Specimen Retrieval
Survival stage III cases (n=161)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5
Su
rviv
al
pro
ba
bil
ity
Years
Muscularis propria plane Intramesocolic plane Mesocolic plane
p=0.006
Multivariate HR = 0.45 (0.24-0.85), p=0.014
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Plane of colon cancer resections Leeds and Clasicc
Plane LGI Clasicc
Mesocolic and high tie 0 (0%) 0 (0)%
Mesocolic 127 (32%) 41 (25%)
Intramesocolic 177 (44%)
86 (53%)
Muscularis propria 95 (24%)
35 (22%)
Total 399 (100%) 162 (100%)
Overall interobserver agreement LGI seriers 85·5%.
Phil Quirke and Nick West / Leeds
Expert Laparoscopic surgery
• 69 consecutive laparoscopic CME with CVL cases
– 3 converted to open surgery
– 58 invasive cancers
• Undertook:
– Tissue morphometry
– Plane of surgery
– Lymph node yields
• Data compared to open gold standard
Open vs. laparoscopic
Erlangen St. Marks Difference P value
Right-sided
tumours
Tumour to HVT (mm)
Length of large bowel (mm)
Area of mesentery (mm2)
Mesocolic plane rate (%)
Lymph node yield
118
251
15,533
94
32
107
289
15,057
100
20
11
48
476
6
12
0.008
0.001
0.321
0.179
<0.0001
Left-sided
tumours
Tumour to HVT (mm)
Length of large bowel (mm)
Area of mesentery (mm2)
Mesocolic plane rate (%)
Lymph node yield
126
382
18,551
82
25
122
366
16,692
81
15
4
16
1,859
1
10
0.384
0.299
0.195
0.899
<0.0001
Japan (open vs. laparoscopic)
Open Lap Difference P value
Right-sided
tumours
Tumour to HVT (mm)
Length of large bowel (mm)
Area of mesentery (mm2)
Mesocolic plane rate (%)
Lymph node yield
100
168
7,620
76
24
121
131
7,964
82
24
21
37
344
6
0
0.019
0.223
0.700
0.681
0.797
Left-sided
tumours
Tumour to HVT (mm)
Length of large bowel (mm)
Area of mesentery (mm2)
Mesocolic plane rate (%)
Lymph node yield
122
154
8,413
73
16
136
106
6,700
85
19
14
48
1,713
12
3
0.013
<0.0001
0.016
0.257
0.471
Hillerød (open vs. laparoscopic)
Open Lap Difference P value
Right-sided
tumours
Tumour to HVT (mm)
Length of large bowel (mm)
Area of mesentery (mm2)
Mesocolic plane rate (%)
Lymph node yield
106
353
15,567
69
29
103
303
14,459
71
29
3
50
1,108
2
0
0.724
0.655
0.689
0.922
0.505
Left-sided
tumours
Tumour to HVT (mm)
Length of large bowel (mm)
Area of mesentery (mm2)
Mesocolic plane rate (%)
Lymph node yield
83
461
13,548
70
32
117
264
12,508
88
25
37
197
1,040
18
7
0.031
0.034
0.172
0.418
0.076
Zusammenfassung
Variationsbreite der offenen Chirurgie
Evidenz der Bedeutung der Dissektionsebene Muscularis propria
Intramesokolisch
Mesokolon erhalten
Komplette Mesokolonexzision als Package
Keine Evidenz, daß Laparoskopie unterlegen
Qualitätskontrolle durch Pathologie essentiell