hemostatic process
DESCRIPTION
Hemostatic process. 1- Vascular Consrriction. 2- Platelet plug formation. 3- Fibrin formation ( Coagulation ). 4- Fibrinolysis. Platelet Function. 1- Adhesion 2- Release Reaction 3- Agreggation 4- Retraction. platelet function: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Hemostatic processHemostatic process
1- Vascular Consrriction
2- Platelet plug formation
3- Fibrin formation ( Coagulation )
4- Fibrinolysis
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Platelet Function
1- Adhesion
2- Release Reaction
3- Agreggation
4- Retraction
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platelet function: 1- Adhesion — the deposition of platelets on the . subendothelial matrix
2 - Aggregation — platelet-platelet cohesion
3- Secretion — the release of platelet granule proteins
4- Procoagulant activity — the enhancement
of thrombin generation
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Platelet secretion :
Platelets secrete a variety of substances from their granules upon cell stimulation:
1- ADP and serotonin. 2- Fibronectin and thrombospondin.
3-Fibrinogen is released from platelet alpha granules.
4-Thromboxane A2, a prostaglandin metabolite, promotes vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation.
5-Growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), have potent mitogenic effect on smooth muscle cells. The release of PDGF
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Platelet defectsPlatelet defects
1- Quantity Platelet disorders : Thrombocytopenia ( ITP) Thrombocytosis
2- Quality Platelet disorders: Acquired (drugs) Congenital
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Causes of ThrombocytopeniaCauses of Thrombocytopenia
1- Decreased production:
- Congenital - Acquired:
Marrow hypoplasia
Marrow replecement
Megaloblastic anemia
Specific Platelet suppression by drugs
Occasional viral infection
1
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Increased destruction of plateletsIncreased destruction of platelets1-Immune thrombocytopenia Idiopathic viral infection Associated with drugs Isoimmune noanatal thrombocytopenia Post transfusion purpura
2-Microangiopathic platelet destruction Disseminated intravascular coagulation Hemolotic Uremic syndrome Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
3-Severe sepsis4-Massive transfusions
2
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Acquired defects in platelet functionAcquired defects in platelet function
1- Myeloprolifrative disorders: Essential Thrombocthemia Chronic Myelogenous leukemia Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia
2-Uremia
3- Acute L. & MDS
4- Dysproteinemias
5-Cardiopulmonary bypass6- Acquired Von Willebrand disease7- Anti platelet antibodies 8- Liver disease
9- Drugs and other agents
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Immunologic thrombocytopeniaImmunologic thrombocytopenia
- Drug-induced
- True ITP- Systemic lupus erythematousus- Lymphoprolifrative disease- HIV-1 associated- Post –Transfusion- Sarcoidosis- Solid Tymors- Mononucleosis- Immunodeficiency- Post marrow Transplant
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Non –immunologic ThrombocytopeniaNon –immunologic Thrombocytopenia
1- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
2- Bacterial septicemia
3- TTP- HUS
4- Ethanol-induced
5- Massive blood loss
6- Hereditary condition
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Cause of Thrombocytopenia:Cause of Thrombocytopenia:
1- Decrease Marrow production:
Marrow failure: AA.
Marrow infiltration :leukemia , Myelidysplasia, Fibrosis….
Marrow depression: Iradiation,Chemotherapy
Selective BM depression:ethanol, drags induced
Nutritional deficiency: megaloblastic anemia.
Hereditary causes: Fanconi”s anemia congenital megacariocytic hypoplasia.
1
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Cause of Cause of Thrombocytopenia:Thrombocytopenia:
Hereditary causes: Fanconi”s anemia congenital megacariocytic hypoplasia.
2- Increased destruction of platelets:
Immune:ITP , SLE , CLL , NHL , CVD.Drud-induced: Heparin,Gold, Quinidine, Penicillins, cimetidine, digoxin.
Infection : HIV , Other Viruses , Malaria.Post Transfusion purpura.Neonatal purpura (isoimmune).
Non-immune:DIC , TTP , UHS , Congenital / acquired heart disease, Cardiopulmonary bypass , Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.
2
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Causes of reactive thrombocytosis:
- Hemorrage
- Surgery
- Trauma
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Splenoctomy
- Infection
- Malignant disease
- Inflamatory disease
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Lab studies in ThrombocytopeniaLab studies in Thrombocytopenia
P.B.S. and HemogramBone marrow ExaminationAntinuclear antibodyHIV antibody , Blood cultureFibrinogen degradation products ( FDP )PT & PTT & FibrinogenSerum protein electrophoresisLiver, Spleen and retroperitoneal Ultrasound Abdomino-pelvic CT scanRenal function tests
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Drugs Affecting PlateletDrugs Affecting Platelet
Strong Inhibitors
Aspirin
Abciximab (anti gpIIb/IIIa)
Ticlopidine (anti ADP)
NSAFD
Moderate Inhibitors
Antibiotics
Penicillins cepholosporins
nitrofurantoin
Dextran
Fibrinolytics
Heparin
Hetastrach
Weak Inhibitors
Alcohol
Hitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
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P
Arachidonic acid metabolism and the effect of ASA
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