hemp hazid
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Shell Exploration & Production
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HEMP and HAZID
HEMP (Hazard and Effects Management Process) and it’s associated tools
Shell Exploration & Production
HEMP (Hazard & Effects Management Process)
• HEMP = four steps:–Identify - what hazards are present in our activities. Are people, environment, assets or reputation exposed to potential harm? Produce a list of these hazards
–Assess - we need to know how the hazard can be released, how likely is loss of control, what are the potential consequences, and thus how important each hazard is to us. In this way we can prioritise. We also ask the question “can we remove the hazard?” - is the hazard an inherent part of our business or can we remove it and still function.
–Control - for all identified hazards we ask the questions: “Can we eliminate the causes which release the hazard?” and “What controls are needed to prevent the release?” “How effective are these controls?”
–Recover - “Can the potential consequences or effects be mitigated? “What recovery measures are needed? “Are recovery capabilities suitable and sufficient?
• In Identify & Assess, use the Bow Tie model
• HAZID – a structured brainstorming to identify potential hazards early in the project
• EP2005-0300 HEMP Process (full set of procedures, specifications, standards, guidelines)
• HEMP (WIKI)
TopEvent
THREAT
BARRIERS OR CONTROLS
RECOVERYMEASURES
CONSEQUENCE
SCENARIO
Control (keep within control limits) Prepare for emergencies
reduce likelihood (proactive)
mitigate consequences and re-instate (reactive)
HAZARD
CONSEQUENCE
CONSEQUENCE
TopEvent
THREAT
BARRIERS OR CONTROLS
RECOVERYMEASURES
CONSEQUENCE
SCENARIO
Control (keep within control limits) Prepare for emergencies
reduce likelihood (proactive)
mitigate consequences and re-instate (reactive)
HAZARD
CONSEQUENCE
CONSEQUENCE
Accountability – DCAF states that this is with the HSSEDiscipline – in EPE it is with Safety Engineering
• Bow Tie Model
• HAZID
Shell Exploration & Production
Inspection CorrosionAllowance
DetectionProcess
Shutdown
DetectionESD
PlantSeparation
Detectionand
Deluge
Leak !
First Hazardous Eventor
Top Event
HazardousEvent
Fire
Fire
THREATS ESCALATION
Hazard :Hydrocarbon gasunder pressure
Examples: Corrosion Erosion Impact
CAUSATION
Threat Barriers Recovery Preparedness Measuresand Mitigation Measures
CONSEQUENCE
Rupture and Leak
Pressure Vessel
HEMP (Hazard & Effects Management Process)
Example 1
Shell Exploration & Production
Hazardous Event
EVENT TREE (Consequences)
FAULT TREE (Causes)
CAUSE CONSEQUENCE DIAGRAM (BOW TIE)
e.g.loss of gas
containment
ESCALAT ION
sequence of faults and causesleading to a hazardous event
e.g. explosion(release of hazard)
HAZARD
e.g.ESD bypassed
e.g.maloperation
e.g.detector failure
e.g.deluge failure
sequence of events and failures leading to the escalation of a hazardous event
e.g. overpressure
Shell Exploration & Production
Threats• Loss of Hydrostatic head• Swabbing
Hazard:HC under pressure
Event:Well Kick
Blowout
Escalation
Well kickFirst Hazardous Event
OrTop event
Kick detection
MudWeight Control
Welldesign
BOP’s EmergencyPlan
Blowout
Threat BarriersRecovery Preparedness Measures
And Mitigation Measures
Causation Consequences
AccuratePressure
info
HEMP (Hazard & Effects Management Process)
Example 2
Shell Exploration & Production
Hazardous Event
EVENT TREE (Consequences)
FAULT TREE (Causes)
CAUSE CONSEQUENCE DIAGRAM (BOW TIE)
Well Kick
ESCALAT ION
sequence of faults and causesleading to a hazardous event
(release of hazard)
HAZARD
Mud Pit levelalarm by passed
Mud weight too low
BOP leaking
Bad casing design
sequence of events and failures leading to the escalation of a hazardous event
Losses
Rig floor equipment not X-proof
Shell Exploration & Production
What is ALARP? When is safe, safe enough….
• ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) is the level of risk (tolerability) below which the money, time and trouble involved in reducing the risk further would become unreasonably (grossly) disproportionate.
Risk reduction options
ALARP0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6
Ris
k
Risk to stakeholders
Sacrifice (cost)
LegalRequirements,Standards
Shell Exploration & Production
HEMP cont. - tools
• Tools and (structured) techniques to identify hazards and/or assess the consequences and/or the level of risk
• Examples:
– HAZID
– Job Hazard Analysis/TRA
– Explosion study
– HAZOP
– Pollution study
– Fire modelling (and FirePran)
– Escape and evacuation analysis
– RIE (Health Risk Assessment)
– Sustainable development assessment
– Ergonomic layout study
– QRA
• Technical studies:• IPF/SIL-classification
• FMECA
• Structural analysis
Shell Exploration & Production
HEMP Tools cont. - 1: HAZID (Hazard Identification Study)
• Team session
• Involving all disciplines
• Independent chairman/facilitator (qualified)
• EP200712228168,
– HAZID procedure EPE
• Be creative!
• Addresses environmental and project risks
• Identify Hazard
• Determine threats/barriers
• Assess (risk ranking)
• Action?
IDENTIFY
THREATS & CAUSES
BRAINSTORM
NO
The HAZIDProcess
ASSESS
HAZARDIS IT POSSIBLEIS IT LIKELY ?
CONTROLSWHAT BARRIERS OR CONTROLS ARE REQUIRED TO PREVENT OR
CONTROL THE EFFECT?
GUIDE WORD
YES
Select Plant AREA or NODE & Section,Select CATEGORY, Discuss and agree INTENT
• http://sww.shell.com/ep/epe/engineering_maintenance/safety_engineering/safety_engineering_hazop_intro.html
Shell Exploration & Production
HEMP Tool 2: HAZOP-technique
• Identification of hazards and operability issues
• Team session
• Multi-disciplinary
• Separate chairman (qualified)
• Very rigorous
• Relevant for process changes eg. UBD, tie-in to vent system, flaring.
• Decision not to HAZOP to be signed off by a Process TA2
• Ref. EP200712228168
– HAZOPprocedure EPE
• http://sww.shell.com/ep/epe/engineering_maintenance/safety_engineering/safety_engineering_hazop_intro.html
Shell Exploration & Production
Shell Exploration & Production
HEMP Tool 3. QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessments)
• Complex situations (process hazards)
• Comparison between options (helicopter vs basket)
• Statistics may help but have limitations
• Caution about the absolute level of risk
INTOLERABLEFundamental improvements needed
TOO HIGHSignificant effort required to improve
HIGHInvestigate alternatives
LOWConsider cost effective alternatives
NEGLIGABLEMaintain normal precautions
Daily commuting by helicopter
Mining E&P contractors
Average all industries Traffic accident
Workers in safestindustries
Living near nuclearinstallationsFire or explosionfrom gas at home
Lightning (UK)
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
Individual risk
Shell Exploration & Production
Shell Exploration & Production
Exercise 1: Gas detectionGas detection system out of service
- cup of coffee fell into the control panel:
- unmanned onshore location
- Unmanned offshore location
- manned installation
1. What is/are the hazards?
2. What is the source of energy?
3. Barriers - preventive (any additional?)
- mitigative (any additional?)
4. What is the consequence?
5. What is the probability and (level of )Risk?
(with and without additional measures)
Structural Integrity
Process Containment
Ignition Control Protection
Systems Detection Systems Shutdown
Systems Emergency Response Lifesaving
Major AccidentHazardEscalating Consequences
Shell Exploration & Production
Exercise 2: Tank level calibration
• Condensate storage tank (750 m3)
• Level alarm (to control room) @ 70%
• Automated shutdown @ 90%
• Instrument has been calibrated for water tank iso stabilised condensate s.g. = 0,85
• Tank does contain a pressure relief valve and a local level indicator
1. What is/are the hazards?
2. What is the source of energy?
3. Barriers - preventive (any additional?)
- mitigative (any additional?)
4. What is the consequence?
5. What is the probability and (level of )Risk?
(with and without additional measures)
Shell Exploration & Production
Exercise 3: Gas leak
- flange-leak (natural gas) x-mas tree (approx. 7 mm)
- Ignited
- Pressure 80 bar
- Well spacing 20 meters
1. What is/are the hazards?
2. What is the source of energy?
3. Barriers - preventive (any additional?)
- mitigative (any additional?)
4. What is the consequence?
5. What is the probability and (level of )Risk?
(with and without additional measures)
Shell Exploration & Production
Exercise 4: Valve in wrong position
- Locked open in stead of locked closed (due to drawing error or maloperation – reading error)
- 4”Valve is connected to a 2-phase separator (150 bar)
- In use as a manual drain connection for annual maintenance
- Drain system has design rating of 10 bar
- Drain tank is located on the lowest deck
1. What is/are the hazards (gevaren)?
2. What is the source of energy?
3. Barriers - preventive (any additional?)
- mitigative (any additional?)
4. What is the consequence?
5. What is the probability and (level of )Risk?
(with and without additional measures)