henle fyl lesson 17 thru 21 exercises

8/11/2019 Henle FYL Lesson 17 Thru 21 Exercises

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Nomen: _____________________________ Hodie est: _____________________

Conjugating Latin Verbs.Lesson 17.3

1. List the 4 Principal Parts of each verb and their meanings. (once) 2. Find the stem of each verb.

3. Conjugate the verb in the Passive Voice Tense requested. 4. Translate the box marked with an *asterisk.

1.

Verb Parts: administro ________________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Present Tense _________

* ______________________________________________________

2. Verb Parts: administro, _______________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Imperfect Tense _______

* ______________________________________________________

3. Verb Parts: administro, _______________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Future Tense _________

* ______________________________________________________

*

*

*


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4. Verb Parts: appello, __________________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Present ______________

* ______________________________________________________

5. Verb Parts: appello, ________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Imperfect Tense ________

* ______________________________________________________

6. Verb Parts: appello, __________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Future Tense __________

* ______________________________________________________

*

*

*


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7. Verb Parts: confirmo, ________________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________


Verb Stem: _______________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Imperfect Tense _______

* ______________________________________________________


Verb Stem: _______________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Future Tense __________

* ______________________________________________________

*

*

*


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Exercise 204 Nmen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

1. Maria appellabatur. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. Provincia administrabitur. ____________________________________________________________________

3. Amici confirmantur. ___________________________________________________________________________

4. Gallia administratur. ___________________________________________________________________________

5. Romani confirmabantur. ______________________________________________________________________

6. Mundus administratur. ________________________________________________________________________

7. Bella administrantur. __________________________________________________________________________

8. Deus Rex hominum appellatur. _______________________________________________________________

9. Imperator appellabitur. ________________________________________________________________________10. Pax confirmabitur. _____________________________________________________________________________

11. Principes appellantur. _________________________________________________________________________

12. Virtus legionum confirmabatur. ______________________________________________________________

13. Spiritus Sanctus appellatur. __________________________________________________________________

14. Res administrabatur.___________________________________________________________________________

15. Spes victoriae confirmatur. ___________________________________________________________________

16. Centuriones appellabuntur. ___________________________________________________________________

17. Viri fortes confirmabuntur. ___________________________________________________________________

18. Roma non oppugnabitur. ______________________________________________________________________

19. Terra et caelum laudantur. ___________________________________________________________________

20. Litterae ducis hosti dantur. ___________________________________________________________________

21. nautae non adjuvabantur. ____________________________________________________________________

22. Hiberna oppugnabantur. ______________________________________________________________________23. Signum legionibus datur. ______________________________________________________________________

24. Gloria Deo dabitur. _____________________________________________________________________________

25. Magnus servorum numerus ei dabatur. _____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________


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26. Salus et veritas nobis per Christum dantur. _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

27. Praemia militibus dabuntur. __________________________________________________________________

28. Victoria nautarum laudabitur. _______________________________________________________________

29. Multi homines in colle collocabuntur. ________________________________________________________30. Gentes finitimae adjuvantur. _________________________________________________________________

31. Pars militum in finibus hostium collocatur. ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

32. Pueri mali non laudantur. ____________________________________________________________________

33. Arma Caesari dabantur. _______________________________________________________________________

34. Oppidum oppugnabitur. _______________________________________________________________________

35. Populus Romanus adjuvabatur._______________________________________________________________

36. Milites in muro collocantur. ___________________________________________________________________

37. Fortuna bona laudabatur. _____________________________________________________________________

38. Propter gratiam Caesaris frumentum Romanis datur. ___________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

39. Nomen Dei semper laudabitur. _______________________________________________________________

40. Propter metum vulnerum et mortis, milites Deum appellant. __________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

41. Milites in ponte collocantur. __________________________________________________________________

42. Jesus Christus, Dominus noster, laudabitur. _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Exercise 205. Practice with the Passive Voice. Nomen: ______________________________

1. Pax saepe propter metum vulnerum et mortis laudatur. __________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Erant vir forts et lber in exercitu Caesaris. Ei laudabantur; fortiter enim urbs et oppida oppugnaverun

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Confirmabiturne pax post proelia et bella et caedes? _____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In percul Deus semper appellatur. ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Omns rs fortiter administrabantur quod Caesar, vir fortis et nbilis, impertor erat Rmnrum. _____

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Aut1 Lincoln aut1Washingtonius princeps fuit omnium ducum Americanorum. Itaque ei laudantur et

semper laudabuntur. ________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Cr pueri mali nn laudantur? ________________________________________________________________

8. Gloria De per Jsm Chrstum datur. _________________________________________________________

9. Mlits et in silvs et in agrs collocabantur; in eos hosts impetum fcrunt. _________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Rx malus nn adjuvabitur. __________________________________________________________________

11. Mlits propter virttem laudantur. Centurins etiam propter virttem et fidem laudantur. __________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

11b. Ducs et impertres rs fortiter administrant. Itaque ei etiam laudantur. ___________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Chrstin bon et in pace et in bell lgem Chrst servant. ________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

12b. Itaque eis magnum praemium in Cael dabitur. _________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

1 aut . . . aut: either . . . or


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13. Vos estis Americani. Et lber et forts estis. Itaque semper laudamini. ______________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Ducs nn laudabantur; long enim aberant proeliis et castrs. ___________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 206 Hodie est: ___________________________

Worry Not!! Most of these are just two words.

1. The centurions are being addressed.____________________________________________________________________

2. God will be called upon. __________________________________________________________________________________

3. The affair s being managed._____________________________________________________________________________

4. Peace was being strengthened. __________________________________________________________________________

5. Soldiers are being stationed in the fields. ______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The cities are being stormed. ____________________________________________________________________________

7. The soldier s being helped. ______________________________________________________________________________

8. Grain will be given the soldiers. _________________________________________________________________________

9. Our friends will be encouraged. _________________________________________________________________________

10. Our soldiers were being helped. _________________________________________________________________________

11. The army s being strengthened. ________________________________________________________________________

12. Our faith will be strengthened. __________________________________________________________________________

13. The war s being managed. ______________________________________________________________________________

Use the subject pronouns for these:

14. You (pl.) will be praised. __________________________________________________________________________________

15. We are being encouraged. ________________________________________________________________________________

16. They were being helped. __________________________________________________________________________________


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Exercise 207 Nmen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Complete these phrases with whenever possible; otherwise use ab.

1. by the king __________________________________________

2. by the enemy __________________________________________

3. by the cavalry __________________________________________

4. by Mary __________________________________________

5. by all slaves __________________________________________

6. by the leader of the enemy __________________________________________

7. by the chief of the tribe __________________________________________8. by the Roman Senate __________________________________________

9. by all the soldiers __________________________________________

10. by Caesar and his cavalry __________________________________________

11. by many Christians __________________________________________

12. by the good master __________________________________________

13. by all men __________________________________________

14. by the Roman gods __________________________________________


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Exercise 208. Practice with Ablative of Agent Nomen: ______________________________________

1. Pax militibus saepe nn conservatur, nam gloriae belli cupidi sunt. ________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Imperium Caesare, viro fort et bono, administrabitur. ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Copia frumenti servis nn conservabatur. ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Post proelium ns b impertre confirmabamur. ________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Laudanturne sancti homins viris bonis? _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Rma b America long abest. _________________________________________________________________

7. Silvae b equitibus occupabuntur. ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Laudaturne Senatus Rmnus multis viris. _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Omns rs duce bono administrabantur. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Centurins b impertre appellabantur. _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Impertor senatu vocabitur. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________


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Exercise 211 Nmen: ______________________________

1. Tum imperium populi Romani a Caesare occupabatur. __________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Vir fortis erat, nam ab eo et hostes superabantur et amici confirmabantur. __________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Post ejus mortem pax ab imperatoribus Romanis per arma et legiones confirmabatur. _______________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Non omnes autem homines liberi erant, nam multi homines erant servi miseri.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Pax Romana ab imperatoribus confirmabatur, sed libertas omnium hominum a Romanis non conservabat

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 212Translate. Nmen: _____________________________

Civitas Americana a militibus fortibus conservatur et semper conservabitur. Milites Americani ab hostibus etiam

fortibus non superabuntur. Viri Americani propter virtutem et fidem a nobis et ab omnibus hominibus semper

laudabuntur.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Reading #7: Translate here or on notebook paper (double-spac

Hannibal in Italy

Hannibal trans magnos et altos montes exercitum duxerat. Hostis populi Romani in Ita

erat. Itaque Romani in magno periculo erant. Exercitus Romanus in Hispania1erat. Scipio2cu

legionibus Romanis in Gallia fuerat. Is autem exercitum in Hispaniam1 misit et in Italia

contendit.

Galli partes Italiae Alpibus finitimas tenebant. Ei hostes erant populi Romani et saepe cu

Romanis bellum gesserant. Itaque in eorum fines Hannibal exercitum duxit et ab eis adjuvabat

Ibi Scipio,2 dux Romanorum, cum Hannibale pugnavit sed Hannibal eum vicit. Romani tam

pacem non petiverunt.

Many of the Gauls who dwelt in northern Italy were now in insurrection around the Roman army. A

second army sent out from Rome effected a juncture with Scipio, but the position of the legions remained

critical. Scipio had been wounded in the first battle with Hannibal, and a lesser man, Tiberius

Sempronius, was now in command. For political reasons Sempronius was eager to fight a pitched battle

with the Carthaginian army. Hannibal understood the character of this man. On a cold and bleak

December day a screen of Carthaginian horse, retreating by order, drew the Roman cavalry across the

swollen river Trebia. Sempronius thought his chance had come. He hurriedly sent his army through the

icy waters of the Trebia.

Suddenly in the mist the Romans found themselves confronted by the main force of the enemy.

Itaque equites et Romanorum et hostium fortiter pugnabant. Interim imperator Roman

copias in proelium misit. Elephanti3 et equites hostium equites Romanos terruerunt


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superaverunt. Tum in milites hostium legiones Romanae impetum fecerunt. Milites Roma

fortes erant et fortiter pugnabant. Tamen ab hostis superabantur. Tum pars militum hostium

tergo4impetum in Romanos fecit.5 (These had been placed in ambush by Hannibal with orders

attack the Roman rear.)

Itaque hostes undique impetum in Romanos fecerunt. Tamen pars Romanorum per hostes ve

(this group was 10,000 in number) et tuta in oppidum Romanum venit. Galli et Carthaginiens

reliquos Romanos omnes occiderunt. Non multi Romani tuti in castra venerunt. Victo

Hannibalis fuit. Fortunate hostes, non Romanos, adjuverat.

1Hispania, ae: Spain. 2Scipio, Scipionis: Scipio (a Roman family name) 3elephantus, i: elephant

4a tergo: from the rear. 5fecit: made. 6Carthaginienses, Carthaginiensium: the Carthaginians


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Exercise 213 Nmen: _____________________________

Speech Response Hodie est: ___________________________

Response to a Speech Given in the Roman Senate

You are to imagine that Rome is at war. The political opponents of the government are criticizing the war policyof the administration and its generals. A spokesman for the government rises in the Roman Senate and speaks:

The war is being managed by a brave leader. Before the war, all things were being prepared b

him; grain and arms were being carried into the towns of the province by the slaves; hills and

bridges were being seized by the legions; the courage of the soldiers was being strengthened by t

centurions. Now, in the dangers of war, the general of the Roman legions is praised by both

Roman soldiers and the enemy. For he has frightened the enemy, and their fear is the glory of

Roman general. Why is he not praised by the Roman Senate? Why is he not helped by you all?

GOOD men are now praising him and good men will always praise him.

Imagine that you are a leader of one of the parties opposed to the government. Write a short speech in Latin

answering the arguments given above. Use words and constructions you know. Do not use any construction

about which you are doubtful. Your speech should be at least five sentences.

For additional credit in this assignment, you may translate the above into Latin.


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Nomen: _____________________________ Hodie est: _____________________




10.

Verb Parts: contineo, continre, _________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

11. Verb Parts: contineo, continre, ________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

12. Verb Parts: contineo, continre, ________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

*

*

*


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13. Verb Parts: obtineo, obtinre, __________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Present Tense __________

* ______________________________________________________



* ______________________________________________________



* ______________________________________________________

*

*

*


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Exercise 216 Isolate the Ablative Phrases Nmen: _____________________________

1. Hostes ab equitibus Romanis saepe terrentur. __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Impetus hostium a militibus fortibus sustinebitur. ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Multi pueri in agris videbantur. ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Viri nobiles et magni neque terrebuntur neque superabuntur. ____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Collis militibus integris completur. ___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Reliqui hostes a Romanis undique tenebantur. _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________7. Postea signum a centurione movebitur. _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Hostes propter metum gravem terrebantur. ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Viri sancti mortis metu non terrebuntur. ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Montes alti undique ab Helvetiis1videntur. ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Hostes undique continentur. ________________________________________________________________

12. Locus clamore miserorum militum complebatur. _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Postea imperium a Caesare obtinebatur._______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Regnum a rege gloriae cupido saep obtinetur. __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Pons a militibus fortibus tenetur. _____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Galli provinciae finitimi terrentur. ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

17. Propter metum mortis neque movebantur neque terrebantur. ____________________________________


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_________________________________________________________________________________________

18. Impetus sustinetur. ________________________________________________________________________

19. Legiones Romanae non terrentur. ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

20. Romani a Gallis, viris fortibus, non terrentur. __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________21. Omnes milites in castris continebuntur. _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

22. Postea castra trans flumen movebuntur. _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

23. Puer terrebatur quod a patre et matre longe afuit. ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

24. Viri liberi non continebantur. ________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

25. Oppidum frumenti plenum obtinebitur. _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1: Helvetii, Helvetiorum: the Helvetians (inhabitants of ancient Switzerland)


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Exercise 217 Nmen: _____________________________

1. The soldiers were being restrained by the commander in chief. ______________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The power is being held by Caesar. _____________________________________________________________

3. The enemy are being terrified by the cavalry. _____________________________________________________

4. The Roman column will be seen by the Gauls. ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The town will be either held by us or seized by the enemy. _________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The bridge is being held by the cavalry. __________________________________________________________

7. Afterwards the royal power will be held by him. __________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

8. We shall be terrified neither by the soldiers nor by the cavalry. ______________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

9. They were being held in by the cavalry. __________________________________________________________

Exercise 218 Nmen: ______________________________

1. Christiani Deum et voce et virtute laudant. ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Romani Christianos gladiis non vicerunt. ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Civitas Romana armis et virtute conservabatur. ________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Romani hiberna telis et gladiis semper defenderunt. ____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Virtus equitum fortium praemiis confirmabatur. _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Interim centuriones litteris Caesaris monebuntur. ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Helvetii1montibus altis et magno flumine undique continentur. __________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1 Helvetii: the Helvetians, a Celtic tribe living in Switzerland who became known as the Swiss.


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Exercise 219 Nmen: ______________________________

All prepositional phrases in these sentences use the ablative of means.

1. They defended the camp with darts. __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The soldiers courage will be strengthenedby the centurions speech. _____________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. They fought with swords. ___________________________________________________________________

4. The Roman state was being preserved by the courage of the Roman Sentate and people. _____________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The Romans fortified cities by means of walls. _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________


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Hannibal Annihilates a Roman Army Reading #8

Victoria Hannibalis magna fuit. Senatus Populusque Romanus tamen pacem non peteb

Integras copias paraverunt. Arma et tela parabantur.

A new general, Gaius Flaminius, was now in command of the Roman forces. Hannibal crossed the Apennines into Etru

marched through terrain made almost impassable by the spring rains, and took up a strong position before Flaminius, who hplanned to block the mountain passes, knew he had managed the crossing. Hannibal, to incite the Romans to fight on his o

terms, marched past the Roman camp, pillaging and wasting the land all around. This was too much for the headstrong FlaminThough his army was inferior, he pursued the Carthaginians. The road along which the Carthaginians were marching enters,

skirts Lake Trasimene, a narrow strip of plain enclosed by surrounding hills which come close down to the shore of the lake. HHannibal took up a strong position to await the pursuing Romans.

In colle Hannibal magnum numerum militum collocavit; equites autem in dextra1et sinist

parte collocavit. (Besides, a mist concealed his positions.) Itaque imperator Romanus, proelii

victoriae cupidus, exercitum Romanum in loca angusta duxit. Subito3 Romani hostes videru

Undique ab hostibus continebantur. Non erat spes salutis. Romani et telis terrebantur et

equitibus perturbabantur. Tum hostes undique in Romanos impetum fecerunt. Caed

Romanorum magna fuit. Locus clamore Romanorum miserorum complebatur. Pars tam

Romanorum per hostes venit. Eos autem equites hostium postea occiderunt.

In this battlea slaughter rather than a battlethe Romans lost an entire army, 15,000 killed and

15,000 captured. The Carthaginians lost only 1,500 men, and these mainly from their Gallic auxiliaries.

Victoria hostium magna fuit. Periculum Romanorum grave erat. Tamen etiam tum Rom

de pace cum hostibus non egerunt. Spem salutis in virtute ponebant.

As an officer in Caesars army was to say later, Romans never ask terms of peace from an armed foe. Such was

invincible spirit of Rome.

1dexter, dextra, dextrum: right. 2sinister, sinistra, sinistrum: left. 3subito, adv.:suddenly


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Nomen: _____________________________ Hodie est: _____________________


16. Verb Parts: trd, trdere ______________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

17. Verb Parts: trd, trdere, _____________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

18. Verb Parts: trd, trdere, _____________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

19.

Verb Parts: dmitt, dmittere, _________________________________________________________Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

*

*

*

*


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20. Verb Parts: occido, occidere ___________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

21. Verb Parts: dimitto, dmittere, __________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

*

*


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Exercise 221222 Nmen: _____________________________

In-class Practice Hodie est: ___________________________

3rdconjugation passive forms:

1. tradebatur _____________________________ 7. occidebantur _____________________________

2. dimittebatur ___________________________ 8. incenditur _______________________________

3. occiduntur ____________________________ 9. pelluntur ________________________________

4. ducentur ______________________________ 10. ducitur _________________________________

5. ponuntur ______________________________ 11. vincebatur ______________________________

6. dimitteris _____________________________ 12. tradebantur ______________________________

change to passive:

1. tradam _______________________________ 8. ponebas ________________________________

2. dimittebat _____________________________ 9. tradit ___________________________________

3. occidunt ______________________________ 10. dimitto _________________________________

4. defenditis _____________________________ 11. occides _________________________________

5. dimittit _______________________________ 12. ducent __________________________________

6. tradet ________________________________ 13. incendit ________________________________

7. occidemus ____________________________ 14. pellebant ________________________________

15. sustinetis _______________________________


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Exercise 223 Nmen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

1. Principes hostium senatui traduntur. ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

2. Gallus occiditur. ______________________________________________________________________

3. Homo malus a senatu occidetur. _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

4. Italia a Romanis defenditur. _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

5. Galli et pellentur et occidentur. __________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

6. Agmen in fines hostium ducitur. _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

7. Gratiae Deo aguntur. __________________________________________________________________

8. Equites in gentes finitimas dimittebantur. __________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

9. Vos in Galliam mittimini. ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

10. Roma defendetur. _____________________________________________________________________

11. Servi saepe occiduntur. ________________________________________________________________

12. Omnes fere gentes finitimae vincuntur. ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

13. Agmen a Caesare ducitur. ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

14. Hostes tamen vincentur. ________________________________________________________________

15. Urbs hostibus non tradetur. _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

16. Equites in gentes reliquas dimittuntur._____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

17. Castra telis defendebantur. ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________18. Romani neque pellentur neque occidentur. _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

19. Reges gloriae cupidi cum gentibus finitimis bellum saepe gerunt. _______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

20. Frumenta in agris saepe incenduntur. _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________


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Exercise 224 Nmen: _____________________________

Practice with Ablative of Agent & Means Hodie est: ___________________________

1. The enemys cavalry was being killed by darts._____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. The Senate is being dismissed. _________________________________________________________________________

3. Almost all of the swords and darts will be handed over by the leaders of the Gauls. ________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Almost all the tribes of Gaul were being conquered by the Romans. ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Our cities and towns are being defended by brave soldiers. ______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The army will be led into Gaul by the general. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. The enemys cavalry will be repulsed by our cavalry. ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. The Gauls were fighting without hope. _______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Thanks are being given to the Senate. _______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Exercise 225Practice with Ablative of Means & Agency Nmen: _____________________________

Tell which Ablative the underlines forms are. Mor A Hodie est: ___________________________

Warning! One sentence conceals severalsnares.

1. Silvae saepe in bello ab hostibus incenduntur. ________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Roma virtute legionum conservabatur. ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Centuriones in omnes fere gentes finitimas a Caesare dimittuntur. _______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Copiae Romanae a Gallis non pelluntur. _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Virtus militum spe victoriae semper confirmatur. ___________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Post proelium principes hostium a Romanis saepe occidebantur. __________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Principes a Caesare non dimittentur. __________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Telis occiditur. _____________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Miles Romanus hostem videt. Eum telis occidit. _____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Milites undique ducentur; castra in colle ponentur; arma et frumentum in castra

portabuntur. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Exercise 226 Nmen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Some of these sentences have the Ablative of Means; others have the Ablative of Agency.

1. All things were being attended to by the general. ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. They fortified the camp with a wall. ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. He killed the leading men with a sword. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Peace was being strengthened by the courage of the legions. _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. They were being defended by Roman cavalry. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. The city was being handed over by the Gauls. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. He conquered the enemy by the courage of the Roman soldiers. __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. The leading men are being sent away by the Roman general. _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


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Reading No. 9: Scipio Invades Afr

Hannibal continued to win victories in the open field, but he could not break the spirit ofRome. Gradually the superior resources of the Romans and their dogged determination began

to tell. The Carthaginians withdrew their forces from Italy and Sicily, and at last PubliusCornelius Scipio, son of the Scipio who had first faced Hannibal in northern Italy, led an

invasion of Africa itself. (This was in 204 B.C.; the war had opened in 218 B.C.) The final

battle of the war was fought at Zama in northern Africa, probably in the spring of 202 B.C.

Hannibal magnum militum numerum habuit sed non ita multos equites. Scipio non ita multos milites habeb

multos autem equites. Hannibal etiam elephantos1 habebat. (There were said to be about eighty). Roma

elephantos non habebant.

Hannibal planned to drive his elephants in an opening charge against the Roman foot soldiers

to throw them into disorder. The Carthaginian cavalry, stationed on the flanks, was meanwhileto retreat and draw the superior cavalry of the Romans off the field, thus leaving Hannibal free

to attack the disordered legions with numerically superior infantry.

How did Scipio meet this attack?


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Nomen: _____________________________ Hodie est: _____________________




22.

Verb Parts: audio, audire ______________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

23. Verb Parts: munio, munire, ____________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

24. Verb Parts: audio, audire, ______________________________________________________________


* ______________________________________________________

*

*

*


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* ______________________________________________________

26. Verb Parts: audio, audire, _____________________________________________________________


* __________________________________________________________________________________



*_________________________________________________________________________________

*

*

*


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Exercise 228 Indicate whether the Ablative Phrase is Nmen: _____________________________

Agent (A) or Means (M).

1. Castra Rmns semper mnibantur. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Quid vobs audtur? ____________________________________________________________________

3. Cum Caesare per monts in Galliam vn. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Urbs rge victriae cupid mntur. _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Chrst, Fili De, grtis agimus. __________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Interim et colls et ponts leginibus mnibantur. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Fuit metus in castrs quod clmor hostium audibtur. _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Pueris mals praemia nn dabuntur. _________________________________________________________

9. Ubi est Rma? _________________________________________________________________________

10. Flius saepe est patris similis.______________________________________________________________

11. Gents fnibus hostium finitimae saepe cpiam armrum petunt. __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. Fuitne Lincoln Washingtoni similis? _______________________________________________________

13. Legins integrae in hosts mittuntur. _______________________________________________________

14. Clmor nautrum reliqurum audibtur. ____________________________________________________

15. Mara est grti plna. ___________________________________________________________________

16. Silvae perculrum plnae sunt. ____________________________________________________________

17. Propter hostium metum legins pr ports nstrubantur. _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

18. Urbs mr mntur. _____________________________________________________________________

19. Quis pr rge pugnbit? _________________________________________________________________

20. Impedmenta magna erant. ________________________________________________________________

21. Post bellum fuit px. ____________________________________________________________________

22. Caesar fuit Rmnrum impertor. _________________________________________________________

23. Loca angusta et difficilia furunt. __________________________________________________________

24. Rma Galli long abest. _______________________________________________________________

25. Oppidum mlitibus complbtur. ___________________________________________________________


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26. Mles similis duc nn erat. _______________________________________________________________

27. Rmn Rmam virtte et arms semper dfendrunt. __________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

28. Cr iter per monts nn fcrunt? __________________________________________________________

29. Mlits undique tla in hosts misrunt. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________30. Dux rgnum occupvit. __________________________________________________________________

******************************************************************************************

Exercise 229 Nmen: _____________________________

Some of the with-phrases are to be translated using Ablative of Means; others, the Ablative of Accompaniment.

1. They fought with swords. _________________________________________________________________

2. Caesar was fighting with the Gauls. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. The cavalry was in the camp with the soldiers. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. The camp was being fortified with a wall. ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Jss is in heaven with God. ______________________________________________________________

6. They terrified the cavalry with (their) shouting. _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


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Reading #10: The Battle of ZamaHannibals Last Sta

Et Hannibal et Scipio milites instruxerunt. Virtus et spes militum orationibus imperatorum confirmabantur. Sp

in virtute ponemus! Fortiter pugnabimus! Aut vincemus aut vincemur!

Hannibal lined up his eighty elephants in front of his main army. In the first line behind them

he placed his 12,000 mercenary troops, men drawn from many lands and held together by

devotion to their great leader. In the second line he stationed 15,000 new Carthaginian

levies. Behind these he held in reserve 20,000 veteran troops to strike the final blow for

victory. The cavalry were massed on either flank. (See attached diagram: Phases I and II.)

Hannibal signum dedit. Elephanti1in aciem Romanam mittebantur. (See diagram: Phases I and I I.)

Scipio, however, had arranged his men so as to leave lanes between his troops. The soldiers

thus easily shifted to allow the elephants to run harmlessly between them.

Itaque elephanti1neque Romanos terruerunt neque aciem perturbaverunt. (See diagram: Phases I and I I.)

Interim equites Romani in equites hostium impetum fecerunt. Hostes autem impetum non sustinuerunt. Itaque equ

hostium cesserunt.

Thus both cavalries rushed off the field as Hannibal had probably planned. (See diagram:

Phases I and II.)

Tum prima acies hostium in Romanos ab Hannibale mittebatur. (See diagram: Phase I I I.) Res gladio gereba

Et Romani et hostes fortiter pugnabant. Voces et clamor hominum undique audiebantur. Multi et hostes

Romani telis et gladiis occidebantur. Milites tamen Romani impetum sustinebant. Itaque et scipio et Hanni

integros milites in proelium miserunt. (See diagram: Phase IV.)

Romani autem militibus integris non superabantur. Itaque hostes in magno periculo erant.

Both armies were now in great confusion and both attempted to re-form. Hannibal pushed his

third line of veterans to the front and rejoined battle. (See diagram on page 205 of text: Phase

V.) The battle raged on through long and bloody hours. Finally the Roman cavalry, having left

off pursuit, probably according to instructions, returned to the field.


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Tum equites Romani a tergo2 impetum in hostes fecerunt. (See diagram: Phase VI.) Itaque hostes Roma

undique continebantur. Magna erat caedes hostium miserorum. Romani enim omnes fere hostes aut occider

aut ceperunt.3 (Hannibal, however, escaped capture and fled from the field.)

Post proelium hostes pacem petiverunt. Ita, post multas hostium victorias et magnam Romanorum caede

Romani hostes virtute et armis vicerunt.

1 elephantus, i: elephanat

2 a tergo: from the rear

3ceperunt: (they) captured


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To Accompany Reading 10: The Battle of ZamaHannibals Last Sta

Phases I and II Legiones Romanae

Elephanti

Equites

Romani

EquitesHostium

EquitesRomani

EquitesHostium

Mercenaries and auxiliaries

New Carthaginian levies

20 000 veterans

1

2

3

Phase III Phase IV

Phase V Phase VI

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

21

2

3

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _

3 1

2

1

2


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Nomen: _____________________________ Ex. 230 Hodie est: ________________________

Conjugating Latin VerbsLesson 21



28. Verb Parts: exploro, explorare, _________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Perfect TenseMasc. ____

* ______________________________________________________

29. Verb Parts: prem, premere, ___________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Pluperfect Tense Fem __

* ______________________________________________________

30. Verb Parts: retine, retinre, ___________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Future Perfect TenseNeut

* ______________________________________________________

*

*

*


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31. Verb Parts: exploro, explorare, _________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Future Perfect Tense Masc

* ______________________________________________________

32. Verb Parts: prem, premere, ___________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Perfect TenseFem_____

* ______________________________________________________

33. Verb Parts: retine, retinre, ___________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________ Tense: Passive Voice, Pluperfect TenseNeut__

* ______________________________________________________

Conjugatesum, esse, in the Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative tenses:

Present Tense Imperfect Tense Future Tense

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

*

*

*


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Exercise 233 Nmen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Add the proper endings to the participles. The options are: us, a, um ori, ae, a. Translate.

1. Vs laudt_________ estis. ______________________________________________________________

2. Oppidum trdit________ est.______________________________________________________________

3. Prncips retent_________ sunt. ___________________________________________________________

4. Cpia frumenti comparat_________ est. _____________________________________________________

5. Omnia loca explorat_________ sunt. _______________________________________________________

6. Hosts press________ sunt. _______________________________________________________________

7. Tu laudat__________ es. _________________________________________________________________

8. Ns laudat_______ sumus. _______________________________________________________________

9. Vcs audit________ sunt. _______________________________________________________________

10. Nautae retent________ sunt. ______________________________________________________________

11. Exercitus superat_______ est. _____________________________________________________________

12. Castra mot_______ sunt. _________________________________________________________________

Exercise 234. Add the proper form of the verbsum:

1. You have been praised. Vs laudti _______.

2. They have been conquered. Vict _________.

3. You have been warned. T monitus _______.

4. The courage of the soldiers has been strengthened. Virts mlitum cnfirmta ________.

5. All the places had been reconnoitered. Omnia loca explrta ___________.

6. We had been held back. Ns retent _______________.

7. It has been prepared. Compartum __________.

8. The camp has been fortified. Castra mnta _____________.


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Exercise 235, Part 1 Nmen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

1. Vs laudti ertis._______________________________________________________________________

2. T monitus es. _________________________________________________________________________

3. Equits supert sunt. ____________________________________________________________________

4. Pns incnsus est._______________________________________________________________________

5. Frmentum porttum est. _________________________________________________________________

6. Castra dfnsa sunt. _____________________________________________________________________

7. Omnia fer loca occupta erant.____________________________________________________________

8. E puls sunt.___________________________________________________________________________

9. Duct sumus. __________________________________________________________________________

10. Ea gesta sunt. __________________________________________________________________________

11. Oppidum oppugntum erat. _______________________________________________________________

12. Arma es trdita sunt. ____________________________________________________________________

13. Audt estis. ___________________________________________________________________________

14. Vehementer territ ermus. _______________________________________________________________

15. Mlits nstruct sunt. ____________________________________________________________________

16. Litterae missae sunt._____________________________________________________________________

17. Mns hominibus compltus erat. ___________________________________________________________

18. Tla parta sunt. ________________________________________________________________________

19. Vict sumus. ___________________________________________________________________________

20. Appellt ertis. ________________________________________________________________________

21. Px petta est. __________________________________________________________________________

22. Frmentum es datum est. ________________________________________________________________

23. Actum est. ____________________________________________________________________________

24. Rs administrta est. ___________________


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Exercise 235, Part 2 Nmen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

25. Castra mta erant. ______________________________________________________________________

26. Centurins voct erant. _________________________________________________________________

27. Gall press sunt.________________________________________________________________________

28. Cpia tlrum comparta erat. _____________________________________________________________

29. Ducs retent sunt. ______________________________________________________________________

30. Occs sunt. ____________________________________________________________________________

31. Monts explrt erant. __________________________________________________________________

32. Prncips dmiss erant. __________________________________________________________________

33. Impets sustentus erat. ___________________________________________________________________

34. Sps in virtte posita est. _________________________________________________________________

35. Oppidum mntum est.___________________________________________________________________

36. Legins ibi colloctae sunt. ______________________________________________________________

37. Omns rs compartae erant. ______________________________________________________________

38. Px cnfirmta est. ______________________________________________________________________

39. Territ sumus. __________________________________________________________________________

40. Frmenta in agrs incnsa sunt. ____________________________________________________________

41. Adjtus sum. __________________________________________________________________________

42. Puls estis. ____________________________________________________________________________

43. Vsus est. _____________________________________________________________________________

44. Pulsus est. _____________________________________________________________________________

45. Vehementer perturbtus eram. _____________________________________________________________

46. Obtentum est imperium.__________________________________________________________________

47. Lx cnservta nn est. __________________________________________________________________

48. Gents fnitimae incittae erant. ___________________________________________________________

49. Legi prm pressa est. __________________________________________________________________

50. Signum servtum erat. ___________________________________________________________________

51. Undique content sumus. _________________________________________________________________

52. Press sunt. __________________________


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Exercise 236 Nmen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

1. I was praised by Caesar.__________________________________________________________________

2. You were warned by the slave. ____________________________________________________________

3. We were conquered by the enemy. _________________________________________________________

4. A large number of slaves was had by the Romans. _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Grain had been carried into the winter quarters. _______________________________________________

6. The town had been bravely defended. _______________________________________________________

7. The hills were seized by the cavalry. ________________________________________________________

8. The Romans were led by a brave general. ____________________________________________________

9. War had been waged with the Gauls.________________________________________________________

10. The city had been attacked. _______________________________________________________________

11. We were handed over to the enemy by the leader. _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. The speech was heard by the chiefs. ________________________________________________________

13. You had been terrified by the darts. _________________________________________________________

14. The legions were drawn up by Caesar. ______________________________________________________

15. The letter was sent by the chief.____________________________________________________________

16. The wall was filled with men. _____________________________________________________________

17. Arms had been gotten. ___________________________________________________________________

18. We were not conquered. _________________________________________________________________

19. God had been called upon. ________________________________________________________________

20. Peace was sought. ______________________________________________________________________

21. The swords were given to the soldiers. ______________________________________________________

22. The enemy was driven into the forest. _______________________________________________________

23. The war was managed by a brave general. ___________________________________________________

24. The camp had been moved into a safe place.__________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


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25. The centurions had been called by the general. ________________________________________________

26. The enemy was routed by darts. ___________________________________________________________

27. All things had been got ready. _____________________________________________________________

28. The king had been held back. _____________________________________________________________

29. The leaders had been killed by swords. ______________________________________________________

30. All the places had been reconnoitered. ______________________________________________________

31. The slaves were dismissed. _______________________________________________________________

32. The attack was withstood. ________________________________________________________________

33. The camp had been pitched there. __________________________________________________________

34. The camp was fortified with a wall._________________________________________________________

35. A horseman had been stationed on the bridge. ________________________________________________

36. Peace had been strengthened. _____________________________________________________________

37. The grain had been burned by the Romans. ___________________________________________________

38. They were helped by both slaves and free men. _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

39. Soldiers had assembled. __________________________________________________________________

40. He had been seen by the horseman. _________________________________________________________

41. The cavalry were repulsed. _______________________________________________________________

42. The first battle line was disturbed. __________________________________________________________

43. The royal power was held by a good man. ___________________________________________________

44. The state had been preserved by brave men. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

45. The legion was sent into the camp. _________________________________________________________

46. The faith had been kept by many Christians. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

47. The soldiers were restrained by the leaders. __________________________________________________


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Henle Exercise 236 Helps

A word about the Passive Voice Indicative Mood Perfect Tense.

This tense is formed by placing the Gender and # (singular OR plural) of the Subject on the 4thPrincipal Part ofthe action verb and adding a form of sum. This form of sum will name the person of the Subject (I, you,he/she/it; we, you PL, they) and the tense. For example:

defensum erat= a singular neuter subject (umtells us this) of the 3rd

person Pluperfect Tense (erat teus this part); he/she/it had been defended; Grammar 255-266

occupati sunt = pl. masc. subject, 3rdperson Perfect Tense; they were seized (or they have beenseizedthe they in this instance is masculine

Sentences for analyzing: Pers.=Person Perf=Perfect Tense L.V.=Linking Verb/Form of sum PP=Pluperf.

7. The hills were seized by the cavalry.

(pl.masc.sub.) (pl.masc.action verb) (ablative of living agentrequires /b)(3rdPers.Perf.L.V.)

Colls b equitatibus occupti sunt.

8. The Romans were led by a brave general.

(pl. masc. subj) (pl. masc. action verb) (ablative of living agent)(3rdpers. Perf. L.V.) (3rddecl. adj. masc.sing.abl.)

Romani b impertre fort duct sunt.

9. War had been waged with the Gauls.

(s.neut.sub.) (sing.neut.action verb) (ablative of accompanimentrequires cum)

(3rd

pers. PP L.V.) (think! association indicated here?)

Bellum cum Galls gestum erat.

10. The city had been attacked.

(s.fem.sub.) (sing.fem.action verb)(3rdpers.PP L.V.)

Urbs oppugnata erat.

11. We were handed over to the enemy by the leader.

(pl.masc.(by default) (pl. masc. action verb) (dative:to/for case) (ablative of living agent)

subject) (1stpers.Perf. L.V.) (enemy always pl.)

Hostibus duce trdit sumus.


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Exercise 237 Nmen: _____________________________

Translate. Hodie est: ___________________________

Omnia Bella Similia Sunt

_____________________________________________________

1. Propter bellum gladii et tela a Romanis comparata erant; hodie1

etiam multa et magna

arma ab Americanis comparantur. _____________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. In castris Romanorum saepe fuit magna omnium rerum inopia; in castris Americanis etiam

saepe est rerum inopia. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. In bellis Romanorum omnia loca ab equitibus saepe explorata sunt; in bellis autem hodiernis

omnia loca ab aviatoribus3explorantur. _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Tum hostes ab equitatu saepe pressi sunt; hodie1hostes ab armigeris4premuntur. ____________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Bellum Gallicum5 a Caesare administratum est. Quis bellum commune hodie1administrat?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Caesar, imperator Romanorum, propter victoriam laudatus est. Laudabunturne duces

Americani propter victoriam? ___________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1 hodie: today; 2 hodiernus, a, um: modern; 3 aviator, oris: airman; 4 armigerum, i: tank; 5Gallicus, a, um; Ga


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Reading 11: Pictures from the P

An Imaginary Interview with a Centurion

The professor cleared his throat. We waited expectantly. Gentlemen, he said, I have invited you here tonight to see the firstdemonstration of my electrical wave detector. This machine cannot only gather and combine into a picture the waves being sent offfrom any part of the earth at the present time, but it can detect even the smallest remnants of waves which, sent off at some past time, are

yet vibrating in the universal medium of all electrical waves. However, this is not an explanation of a theory but a demonstration of

success. Watch carefully. I set this control for time (with growing excitement we watched him turning the dial), and this (he beganmoving a larger dial on the huge machine) for space. Now I throw the power switch. (A large screen or mirror became suddenly

illumined with splotches of changing colors.) This should put our picture at approximately 58 B.C. somewhere in southern Gaul.I have not yet,he added apologetically, succeeded in exactly correlating my controls with the longitudes and latitudes of the earths

surface. As he was speaking, the screen had focused into a very realistic picture of a wild forest. The movement of a breeze throughthe trees was quite discernible. There was a gasp of astonishment, but the professor held up his hand. Now, he said, I set the sound

control. A roar of static rose from a speaker to the left of the screen, then settled down to the quiet sounds of a forestno, there wassomething elsegrowing louderthe sound of horses and the clang of metal. Then, before our amazed eyes, a troop of cavalry rode

onto the scene. The leader, a bronzed, sturdy man who rode his horse with the assurance of long custom, halted, and gazed off to theleft. In the silence that followed we heard something elsedistant cries, a shouting as if a whole army were in an uproarthen, yes, the

centurion (he looked just like a picture of a centurion I had seen in a high school Latin book) turned his head in our direction. He

became paralyzed with amazement. But the professor was almost leaping with excitement. He sees us! It works! It works! He rushed

to the machine and began pulling several levers. Perhaps, he muttered, perhaps the sound can be reversed too, but then, . . . He

stepped back and cleared his throat.

Estisne vos (yes, the professor had been a good Latin student in high school), estisne vos mili

Romani? (We held our breath. Slowly the paralysis of surprise passed, and we saw the centurion open mouth . . . yes, then we heard):

CENTURIO: Nos equites Romani sumus. Vos autem . . .

PROFESSOR(excitedly interrupting him): Ubi estis?

CENTURIO: In Gallia sumus. In agris hostium sumus. Nunc, sicut videtis, in magnis silv

sumus.

PROFESSOR:Quis imperator vester est?

CENTURIO: Caesar, vir et nobilis et fortis, imperator noster est. Bellum ab eo forti

administratur.

PROFESSOR: Bellum? Geriturne bellum?

CENTURIO: Ita. Cum Gallis legiones Romanae nunc pugnant. (He pointed off to the left.) Auditur

a vobis clamor et hostium et Roma

henle fyl lesson 17 thru 21 exercises

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