1

HEP Roadmap in India relevant to

International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory

Naba K Mondal

Tata Institute, India

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High Energy Physics Activities in India

• Ongoing Activities:

• Experiments:

– DZERO Experiment at Fermilab.– Belle Experiment at KEK.– Cosmic ray airshower array at Ooty in South India.– Ground based Gamma Ray array at Pachmarhi, Mt. Abu and Hanle.

• Accelerators:

– 2.5 GeV Indus-2 light source is currently under commissioning. First synchrotron light out of Indus-2 on Dec 2, 2005

– Contribution to Large Hadronic Collider (LHC) machine:• Decapole and octupole corrector magnets.• Precision alignment jacks.• Local protection units for LHC SC magnets.

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Participation in LHC Experiments• CMS:

– (i) Full responsibility for the outer hadron calorimeter (HO).

– (i) Contribution towards silicon preshower detector ( developed using local industry).

• ALICE:

– (i) Photon Multiplicity Detector.

– (ii) Muon Arm Project.

• Grid Computing:

– Tier 2 stations at Mumbai and Kolkata.

– Tier 3 at participating institutes.

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DAE-DST vision document for drawing roadmap for High Energy and Nuclear Physics Research in India

– DAE ( Department of Atomic Energy) and DST ( Department of Science and Technology), Govt. of India has taken an initiative to define a roadmap of High Energy Physics, Nuclear Physics and related accelerator activities in India for the next 20 years.

– The aim is to consider possible future big projects on the table and also suggest ways to generate scientific manpower.

– A community wise meeting was organised recently in Mumbai to define this roadmap and the recommendations are being finalised. However the general consensus reached in the high energy physics community is to endorse-

• India-based Neutrino Observatory proposal to setup an underground experiment with magnetised iron detector.

• Participation in International Linear Collider related R & D activities.

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Accelerator Activities – Future Projection

• Encouraged by LHC related success, Dept. of Atomic Energy ( DAE), Govt. of India and CERN have initiated a new cooperation on Novel Accelerator Technologies.

• Cern to help our upcoming projects:

– Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at RRCAT– Accelerator Driven System (ADS) at BARC

• DAE to join CERN’s Novel Accelerator projects

– SPL, specially LINAC-4, the front end of SPL– Compact Linear collider ( CLIC) test facility CTF3

• Invitation to join ILC accelerator R & D effort – Dialogue has just started

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India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) initiative

• Two phase approach:

R & D and ConstructionPhase I

Physics studies,Detector R & D,Site survey,Human resource development

Phase IIConstruction of the detector

Operation of the Detector

Phase IPhysics with Atmospheric Neutrinos

Phase IIPhysics with Neutrino beam from

a factory

Goal: A large mass detector with charge identification capability

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Physics using atmospheric neutrinos during Phase I

• Reconfirm atmospheric neutrino oscillation.• Improved measurement of oscillation parameters.• Search for potential matter effect in neutrino oscillation.• Determining the sign of m2

23 using matter effect.• Measuring deviation from maximal mixing for 23.

• Discrimination between and s oscillation.• Probing CPT violation.• Constraining long range leptonic forces.• Study of high energy muons in cosmic rays.

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Physics with Neutrino beam from NUFACT – Phase II

• Determination of

• Sign of m223.

• Probing CP violation in leptonic sector.

• Matter effect in oscillation.

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Disappearance of Vs. L/E

The disappearance probability can be measured with a single detector and two equal sources:

= P( ; L/E) N up(L/E)

N down(L’/E)

= 1 - sin2 (2) sin2 (1.27 m2 L/E)

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Matter Effect

)(),(cos

),(cos

cos22

ELEPdEd

dLEP

dEd

dddEMNN e

z

e

zzYn

)/27.1(sin2sinsin)( 312

132

232 ELP mm

emat

)/27.1(sin2sinsin)( 312

132

232 ELP e

vac

Total no. of charge current events:

Neglecting 21

Where

31311313 /2sin2sin mm

)()/(1076.0

)2sin()2cos(4

21331

2133131

GeVEccgmA

Am

For positive resonance occurs When and E are such thatcos213 condition is satisfied

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Matter Effect & Sign of m231

12

vs s

events will give rise to excess of muon less events. There will be excess of upgoing muonless events.

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CPT Violation

L

b

ELP

24sin2sin1)( 3222

bLE

LPPPCPT sin

2sin2sin 322

The expression for survival probability for the case of CPTV 2-flavour oscillations

and

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Sign of 232m

Number of wrong-sign muonEvents as a function of m2

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Choice of Neutrino Source and Detector

• Neutrino Source– Need to cover a large L/E range

• Large L range

• Large E Range

– Use Atmospheric neutrinos as source

• Detector Choice

• Should have large target mass ( 50-100 kT)

• Good tracking and Energy resolution ( tracking calorimeter)

• Good directionality ( <= 1 nsec time resolution )

• Charge identification

• Ease of construction

• Modularity

• Complimentarity with other existing and proposed detectors

– Use magnetised iron as target mass and RPC as active detector medium

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INO Detector Concept

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Long term stability of RPCs

90

92

94

96

98

100

9/30/2005 0:00 10/20/2005 0:00 11/9/2005 0:00 11/29/2005 0:00 12/19/2005 0:00 1/8/2006 0:00 1/28/2006 0:00 2/17/2006 0:00 3/9/2006 0:00

Date time

0

5000

10000

15000

9/30/2005 0:00 10/20/2005 0:00 11/9/2005 0:00 11/29/2005 0:00 12/19/2005 0:00 1/8/2006 0:00 1/28/2006 0:00 2/17/2006 0:00 3/9/2006 0:00

Date time

No

ise

ra

te (

Hz

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

9/30/2005 0:00 10/20/2005 0:00 11/9/2005 0:00 11/29/2005 0:00 12/19/2005 0:00 1/8/2006 0:00 1/28/2006 0:00 2/17/2006 0:00 3/9/2006 0:00

Date time

Cu

rren

t

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Cosmic Muon Test

Stack of 10 RPCs

Gas unit

Telescope

DAQ

• Streamer mode (R134a=62%, Argon=30% and the rest Iso-Butane)

• Recording hits, timing, noise rates etc

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Some interesting events tracked

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Location of the Underground Laboratory

• Studies were performed on two potential sites.– Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro Electric Project (PUSHEP) at

Masinagudi, Tamilnadu.– Rammam Hydro Electric Project Site at Darjeeling District in

West Bengal.• INO Site Selection Committee after thorough evaluation have now

recommended PUSHEP in South India as the preferred site for the underground lab.

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Status of INO

• An Interim Project Report was written in April 2005 and this report is now being revised with new physics studies and detector R & D results.

• This proposal was presented to Scientific Advisory Council of Prime Minister of India ( SAC PM ) in August 2006. Council has supported the proposal

• Endorsed in the recently held DAE-DST HEP roadmap meeting.• An international review of this proposal will be done soon.

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Summary

INO:

• A large magnetised detector of 50-100 Kton is needed to achieve some of the very exciting physics goals using atmospheric neutrinos.

• A case for such a detector was highlighted earlier by the Monolith Collaboration..• It will complement the existing and planned water cherenkov detectors.• Can be used as a far detector during neutrino factory era.• We have started a very active R & D work towards building such a detector.• Looking for participation from international neutrino community.

International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory:

• Strong interest for neutrino physics in India. • INO has physics interest in having a neutrino factory in Europe/Japan.• INO could be a testing ground for operating a large magnetised detector. • Several physicists within INO collaboration have started working on neutrino factory

related physics studies.• In the area of accelerator R & D, India is collaborating with CERN for LINAC-4 project.