hepatitis edukasi
TRANSCRIPT
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Laying Down A Framework
Hep 101
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Today We Will
• Define hepatitis, viral hepatitis &the liver
• Learn about the 5 different typesof viral hepatitis
• Learn more about hepatitis C:
–The scope of the disease–Signs/symptoms
–Risk factors and prevention
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What Is Hepatitis?• Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver
– Hepat (liver) + itis (inflammation)= Hepatitis
• Viral hepatitis means there is a specific
virus that is causing your liver to inflame(swell or become larger than normal)
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The Liver• Is located in the upper right
quadrant of the abdomen
•Cleans the blood•Regulates hormones
•Helps with blood clotting•Produces bile•Produces important proteins•Maintains blood sugar levels
•And much, much, more
• The liver is essential
for life !
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Inflammation
Walls ofscartissue
begin toform
Healthy liver cellsbecome trappedby a wall of scar
tissue
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Hepatitis C Infection
• World - 170 million people• Canada - 240,000 to 300,000
(0.8% to 1% of pop.)• BC - 40,000 (1%)• Vancouver - 11,350 (2%)
• DTES VIDUS Study - 1,437•90% hep C posititve
WHO 2000, BC Hepatitis Service 2003, VIDUS 2003
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Hepatitis C
• Affects each person differently• No vaccine available
• Many people have the virus anddo not even know it
• Approximately 1 out of 100
Canadians infected
*BC Hepatitis Service 2003
Overall cure rate with new treatment is 55%*
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Natural History of Hep C
Adapted from Lauer and Walker, NEJM 2001
HealthyLiver
AcuteInfection
ChronicInfection
20%
Clear theVirus
80% VirusContinuesto Damage
Liver
Only 20% willshow symptomsInitially !
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Natural History Con’t
Chronic
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
20-30%
LiverCancer
1-4%/year
Most symptoms begin to show only when liver is more severely damaged
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Factors AffectingProgression
• 30yrs or longer if:• Young at time of infection
• Healthy liver at time of infection
• Female
• 20yrs or less if:
• Drinking alcohol• Co-infection (HIV, Hep B)
• Damaged liver before infection
Adapted from Bigham, BC Hepatitis Services 2002
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Signs and Symptoms
• Individuals may have one or moreof the following symptoms, whileothers experience no symptoms:
–Tiredness–Nausea
–Muscle or joint pain
–Trouble sleeping
–Loss of appetite
–Weight loss–Abdominal pain
–Itchiness
–Depression
–Dark urine (pee)
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Signs and Symptoms
• A few may have specific liverrelated symptoms initially:
–Pale stool (poo)
– Jaundice (yellowing of the skin oreyes)
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Risk Factors
HCV-infected householdmember/sexual partner
(7%)Tattooing
piercing
(6%)
Hospitalization
dental work
(6%)
Transfusion/dialysis
blood contact (4%)
Incarceration (3%)
No RF identified
(23%)
IDU/snorting
(51%)
Source: Health Canada Enhanced Surveillance, Oct 98-Oct 99, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa
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Prevention
• Never share drug equipment
– Straws, bills, needles, syringes,water, filter, cooker, pipes etc…
• Never share tooth brushes/razorsor any personal hygiene articlesthat have blood on them (even tiny
amounts).• Practice safer sex
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Prevention
• Always make sure new & sterilizedequipment is being used for tattooing& piercing
–Make sure ink for tattooing is not beingshared
• Do not touch dirty needles without
proper equipment or following properprocedures
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Dirty Needle Precautions1. Handle only if you have proper equipment
• Sturdy pair of gloves, tongs or pliers and a punctureproof container (heavy plastic or metal)
2. Place needle in puncture proof container• Do not touch needle with bare hands and do not try to
recap needle if cap present
3. Can dispose container in garbage but betterif it is taken to health clinic or needleexchange
4. At school, notify custodian, teacher, nurseor police liaison officer
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Needle Prick
1. Do not “milk” prick site
2. Wash the area with soap and water
3. Go to nearest emergency department
for assessment and treatment
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Questions?