PREPARED BY: Saifuddin Lala

M.B.A(Pharma)

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver Hepat (liver) + itis (inflammation)= Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis means there is a specific virus that is causing your liver to inflame (swell or become larger than normal)

The word hepatit is comes from the Ancient Greek word hepar (root word hepat) meaning 'liver', and the Latin itis meaning inflammation. Hepatitis means injury to the liver with inflammation of the liver cells.

Is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen

•Cleans the blood•Regulates hormones•Helps with blood clotting•Produces bile•Produces important proteins•Maintains blood sugar levels•And much, much, more

• The liver is essential for life !

Walls of scar tissue begin to form

Healthy liver cells become trapped by a wall of scar tissue

5 types:A : fecal-oral transmission

B : sexual fluids & blood to blood

C : blood to blood

D : travels with B

E : fecal–oral transmission

VaccinePreventable

Adapted from Corneil, 2003

Affects each person differently No vaccine available Many people have the virus and do not

even know it Approximately 1 out of 100 Canadians

infected

*BC Hepatitis Service 2003

Overall cure rate with new treatment is 55%*

Adapted from Lauer and Walker, NEJM 2001

Healthy Liver

Acute Infection

Chronic Infection

20% Clear the

Virus

80% Virus Continues to Damage

Liver

Only 20% willshow symptomsInitially !

Hepatitis D - only a person who is already infected with Hepatitis B can become infected with Hepatitis D. It is caused by the virus HDV (Hepatitis D Virus). Infection is through contact with infected blood, unprotected sex, and perforation of the skin with infected needles. The liver of a person with Hepatitis D swells

•Hepatitis E - a person can become infected by drinking water that contains HEV (Hepatitis E Virus). The liver swells but there is no long-term consequence. Infection is also possible through anal-oral sex.•Hepatitis X - if a hepatitis cannot be attributed to the viruses of hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E, it is called Hepatitis X. In other words, hepatitis of an unknown virus.

ChronicHepatitis

Cirrhosis20-30%

LiverCancer

1-4%/year

Most symptoms begin to show only when liver is more severely damaged

30yrs or longer if: Young at t ime of infection Healthy l iver at t ime of infection Female

20yrs or less if: Drinking alcohol Co-infection (HIV, Hep B) Damaged l iver before infection

Adapted from Bigham, BC Hepatitis Services 2002

Individuals may have one or more of the following symptoms, while others experience no symptoms:

–Tiredness–Nausea–Muscle or joint pain–Trouble sleeping–Loss of appetite

–Weight loss–Abdominal pain–Itchiness–Depression–Dark urine (pee)

A few may have specific liver related symptoms initially: Pale stool (poo) Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)

Hepatitis C is not spread by: Casual contact

Hugging/kissing Sharing eating utensils and drinking glasses Sneezing/coughing Shaking hands Sitting on a toilet seat

Never share drug equipment Straws, bills, needles, syringes, water, filter,

cooker, pipes etc… Never share tooth brushes/razors or any

personal hygiene articles that have blood on them (even tiny amounts).

Practice safer sex

Always make sure new & sterilized equipment is being used for tattooing & piercing Make sure ink for tattooing is not being shared

Do not touch dirty needles without proper equipment or following proper procedures

1. Handle only if you have proper equipment Sturdy pair of gloves, tongs or pliers and a puncture proof

container (heavy plastic or metal)

1. Place needle in puncture proof container Do not touch needle with bare hands and do not try to recap

needle if cap present

1. Can dispose container in garbage but better if it is taken to health clinic or needle exchange

REFERENCES 1.Pawlotsky, J. M. 2002. Molecular diagnosis of viral

hepatitis. Gastroenterology 122:1554-1568..2. Hoofnagle JH. Course and outcome of hepatitis C.

HEPATOLOGY 2002; 36(suppl 1):S21–S29.3. Farci P, Alter HJ, Wong D, Miller RH, Shih JW, Jett

B, Purcell RH. A long-term study of hepatitis C virus replication in non-A,non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 19 4.WHO Hepatitis . Who.int. 2010-12-08. Retrieved 2012-08-2691;325:98–104.