ASTARTE WP8: TEST SITE

HERAKLION (partner NOA)Institute of GeodynamicsNational Observatory of Athens, Greece(1892-today)

Institute of Geodynamics, NOA1892-today

-national seismograph system 24/7- national tsunami warning center- geodynamics/active tectonics- engineering seismology- applied geophysics

- early warning systems/forecasting

Daskalaki et al., EGU, 2013

Tsunami history of Crete

• Many earthquakes• Pre-historical

documented from geology & archaeology

• Historical documented through a long nmuber of documents

• Instrumental after 1910• Several tsunamis hit

Crete/Heraklion

Large tsunamigenic earthquakes

• Rupture zones of the most important

tsunamigenic earthquakes in Greece and surrounding regions

(Papadopoulos & Papageorgiou, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014)

Region: Crete Island, Greece

Test site: Heraklion Coastal Zone, Crete, Greece

Area: 200km2 – important selected localities are included

Responsible: NOA

Impacts by:

Earthquakes in the South Aegean regionVolcanic eruptions in the Aegean region - SantoriniLandslides in the South Aegean region and possibly other areas in the East Mediterranean

Main endangered assets:

Main Shipping Port and ferry dock (See site description text below)International Airport (the second largest in Greece - major tourist and holiday destination)Coastal city of Heraklion (173,993 inhabitants)Hotel Complexes, Marinas, Tourist attractions, Ancient Knossos Palace, Crowded BeachesMain Power Plant for Crete, Oil, Petrol and Gas Storage Tank facilities

EXISTING DATA AND RESOURCES FOR HAZARD, VULNERABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT

Baseline data

Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Available at NOA from cartographic data (1:5000 scale), 30-m ASTER, 90-m SRTM

Bathymetric dataAvailable at the Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service at 1:5000 scale

Land use/Land cover

Available from CORINE database (year 2000, scale 1:100.000) and scientific studies from Universities

Socio-Economic Vulnerability Data

Coastal communitiesAvailable at NOA from EL.STAT, population, boundaries etc

Tourism Available from the Greek Chamber for Tourism

Environmental Vulnerability Data

Seafloor and coastal erosion and sedimentation

Base line administration reports (Region of Crete) and maps and scientific studies from HCMR and Universities

Ecosystem abrasion, suffocation and other damages

Base line administration reports (Region of Crete) and maps and scientific studies from HCMR and Universities

Flooding by salt water

Base line administration reports (water management – City of Heraklion) and maps and scientific studies

StructuralVulnerability Data

Buildings Available at NOA Heraklion City Plan 1:5000

Road network Available at NOA Heraklion City Plan 1:5000

Pipelines Available at NOA Heraklion City Plan 1:5000

Crisis Management Resources

Civil Protection system (including firemen, evacuation,..)

Decentralized Administration of Crete (POSEIDON 2011 tsunami exercise)

Hospitals

Decentralized Administration of Crete, Region of Crete and Municipality of Heraklion Authorities

Security

Decentralized Administration of Crete, Region of Crete and Municipality of Heraklion Authorities

ASTARTE INNOVATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS

Recurrence, sources (WP2) and tsunami generation mechanisms (WP3)

Submarine Earthquakes Review on Earthquakes in the South Aegean

Landslides Review on Landslide sources in the South Aegean

Submarine volcanism Santorini volcano and the Hellenic Volcanic Arc Zone

Impacts on coastal structures (WP5)

Buildings Knossos Ancient PalaceRoad network Main Coastal MotorwayLifelines Main Power PlantHarbors Heraklion PortOther Heraklion International Airport

Numerical modeling (WP4)

Hazard Tsunami impact and harbor resonance

Vulnerability Structural, socio-economic and environmental

Risk Coastal flooding

Operational detection and communication (WP6)

The site has been hit by tsunamis since ancient times (e.g. Minoan tsunami). Tide gauge data in the Aegean sea and their integration into TWS. Review of communication infrastructure, methodologies and protocols

Early warning and forecast (WP7)

Assessment of alert methodology and criteria and proposals for improvement. Interaction with Civil Protection on the expected information and products to be obtained from a TWS. Test and validation of new products for tsunami forecast implemented in extra-European regions. Interoperability, and data and information exchange policy.

From hazard to risk assessment (WP8)

Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) and Scenario-Based Tsunami Hazard Assessment (SBTHA). Addressing tsunami analyses in terms of vulnerability and risk, integrated coastal management, and examining tools and strategies of prevention and mitigation in the long term as well as emergency plans.

Building tsunami resilient societies (WP9)

Interaction with Civil Protection on the expected information and products to be obtained. Experiences from the late POSEIDON 2011 Tsunami Exercise in Crete

END USERS

Name Expression of interest

Municipality of Heraklion Yes (letter of support)

Decentralised Administration of Crete Yes (letter of support)

ASTARTE TEST SITESTest Site: Heraklion City Coastal Zone: Strategic Coastal Zone for Tourism in Crete, Greece, with important lifelines such as Main Port, International Airport, Power Plant, Industrial Zone, Shopping Malls and Sports Complex all situated within this coastal zone (North Crete Island)

Photographs of the Heraklion Coastal Zone

Old and New Port next to each other (left) and International Airport (right), situated both one next to the other to the East end of the Heraklion City

A tsunami risk management pilot study in Heraklion, Crete. Natural Hazards, 18, 91-118, 1998 (G. A. Papadopoulos & Th. Dermentzopoulos).Assessing tsunami vulnerability, an example from Herakleio, Crete. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 377–389, 2003 (M. Papathoma et al.).