to My Presentation

A Review paper on Importance of Novel Drug Delivery System

in Herbal Medicine

Presented BY :MD.NAVED ANJUMID : UG 08-14-09-021

Department of Pharmacy

IntroductionNovel drug delivery system is advantageous in

delivering the herbal drug at the site of action which minimize the toxic effects with the increase of bioavailability.

In novel drug delivery technology, control of the distribution of drug is achieved by incorporating the drug in carrier system or in changing the structure of the drug at molecular level.

Herbal drugs are becoming more popular in the modern world for their application to cure variety of disease with less toxic effects and better therapeutic effect.

The novel carriers should ideally fulfill two prerequisites:

Firstly, it should deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body, over the period of treatment.

Secondly, it should channel the active entity of herbal drug to the site of action.

Various drug delivery and drug targeting system are currently under development.

Novel drug delivery is a new approach to drug delivery. It helps the drug to act longer and more effectively.

To minimize drug degradation and loss, to prevent harmful side-effects and to increase drug bioavailability.

Drawbacks of conventional dosage formsPoor patient compliance, increased chances of missing

the dose of drug.The unavailable fluctuation of drug concentration may

lead to under medication or over medication.A typical peak valley plasma concentration time profile

id obtained which make attainment of steady state condition difficult.

The fluctuation in drug levels may lead to precipitation of adverse effects especially of a drug with small therapeutic index whenever over medication occur.

Advantages of novel drug delivery system

Enhancement of solubility.Increased bioavailability.Protection from toxicity.Enhancement of pharmacological activity.Enhancement of stability.Sustained delivery.Protection from chemical and physical

degradation.

Herbal drugsHerbal formulation means a dosage form consisting of

one or more herbs or processed herb in specifies quantities to provide specific nutritional, cosmetic benefits, and other benefits meant for use to diagnose treat or to alter the structure or physiology of human being or animals.

Herbal preparation are obtained by subjecting whole plants, fragmented or cut plants, plants part to treatment such as extraction, distillation, expression fractionation, purification, concentration or fermentation.

This include comminuted or powdered herbal substances, extract, essential oil, expressed juices etc.

Advantages of herbal drugs1. Low risk of side effect2. More effectiveness3. Lower cost4. Widespread availability

Limitation of herbal drugs1. Not suitable for many disease2. Lack of dosage instruction3. Poison risk associated with wild herbs4. Lack of regulation5. Longer duration of treatment

Different novel drug delivery system for herbal drugs

Ethosome

Liposome

Phytosome

Nanoparticle

Implant

Microemulsion

Transferosome

HNDDS

LiposomeLiposomes are biodegradable, colloidal and

spherical vesicles (0.05-5.0 µm in diameter) composed of a bilayer membrane entrapping an aqueous core.

Aqueous core enclosed in one or more phospholipids layer used to convey vaccine, drug, enzyme or other subs to target cell or organ.

Li et al. prepared liposomes containing extract of T. wilfordii thin-film dispersion method.

Advantages of liposome formulationHydrophilic and hydrophobic

drug can be delivered.Liposome herbal therapy acts

as a carrier for small cytotoxic molecules and as vehicle for macromolecules as gene.

Sustained and controlled release of formulation can be possible.

Liposomal herbal formulation and their applicationSl Plant / Constituents Biological activity Application of Liposomal technology 1 Ampelopsin Anti cancer Improved therapeutic outcomes

2 Atractylodes

macrocephala

Digestive disorders and anti cancer Enhancement of solubility and bioavailability

3 Capsaicin Analgesic Prolong action, permeation enhancement

4 Curcumin Anti cancer Long systemic residence time and high

entrapment efficiency

5 Garlicin Lungs Enhanced therapeutic outcomes

6 Myrtus communis Anti microbial and anti oxidant Activity enhancement

7 Nux vomica Anti neoplastic, anti inflammatory and analgesic Improved stability

8 Origanum dictamnus Digestive disorders Efficacy enhancement

9 Puerarin Anti oxidant and anti hypercholesterolemic Enhanced efficacy

10 Quercetin Anti congestion and anti anxiety Improved efficacy, improved bioavailability

and side effect reduction

11 Tripterygium wilfordi Anti cancer Improved stability

12 Usnic acid Anti mycobacterial Prolong action and solubility enhancement

PhytosomePhytosome process the phosphotidylcholine and the

plant components actually form a 1:1 or a 2:1 molecule complex depending on the substance complexes, involving chemical bonds.

The flavonoid and terpenoid components of these herbal extracts lend themselves quite well for the direct binding to phosphotidylcholine. Phytosomes results from the reaction of a stoichiometric amount of the phospholipid with the standardized

extract or polyphenolic constituents in a non polar solvent.

Advantages of phytosomesPhytosome are better bioavailable botanical

extracts, dramatically enhance and delivers faster and improved absorption in intestinal tract.

Phytosome permeates the non lipophillic botanicalextract to be better absorbed in intestinal lumen.

Phytosome will be given in small quantity and desired results can be achieved.

Phytosome is widely used in cosmetics due to their more skin penetration and have a high lipid profile.

Phytosome are been used to give liver protectant flavonoids because they were easily bioavailable.

Phytosomal herbal productsSl Plant/

Constituent Biological activity Application of

Phytosomal Technology

1 Curcumin Anti cancer and Anti oxidant Improved anti oxidant activity and bioavailability

2 Embelin Anti fertility and anti Bacterial Solubility enhancement

3 Epigallocatechins Anti cancer and anti oxidant Absorption enhancement

4 Ginkgo biloba Anti asthmatic, anti diabetic and cardio protective

Improved efficacy

5 Ginsenosides Immuno modulator and neutraceutical

Absorption enhancement

6 Hawthorn Cardio protective and anti hypertensive

Improved efficacy and absorption

7 Marsupium Anti viral Bioavailability enhancement

8 Naringenin Anti cancer and anti inflammatory

Prolong action and enhanced bioavailability

EthosomeEthosomes are vesicles composed of phospholipids

and high concentration of ethanol.high concentration of ethanol in the vesicles led to

enhancement on their permeability through the skin by fluidizing the lipid domain of the skin.

Zhou et al. developed a novel transmembrane pH gradient active loading method to prepare alkaloids binary ethosomes of sophora alopecuroides below thephase trasition temperature of the phosphatidyl choline

ImplantThese are the polymeric devices which are used

for the controlled and sustained delivery of the drugs.

This are directly placed in the body fluids/cavities and are fabricated by using biodegradable polymer.

A microsurgery always required for the insertion of this devices.

Implants of the extracts of danshen were developed using the chitosan and gelatin.

Micro-Emulsions• Nanoemulsion and microemulsion

are the emulsion of O/W type having the size range of several microns. They are prepared by using the surfactants which are considered safe for the human use and approved by the FDA.

• These type of emulsion have higher surface area and hence can easily penetrate through the skin.

• They are also non toxic and non irritant in nature and can be used in the animal and veterinary purpose.

• Nanoemulsion can be prepared by the high pressure homogenization and microfluidization technique.

Transferosomal

Transdermal are phospholipid vesicles which act as potential carriers for the transdermal delivery of the drug as they overcome the difficulty of penetration through the intercellular pores of the skin due to their flexibility.

Patel et al. prepared transferosome containing the curcumin gel and an increase in the penetration was observed when compared with the simple gel through the skin.

Marketed novel drug delivery formulation of plant active and extracts

Brand name Plant active/extracts Type of NDDS

Company name

White tea liposomeHerbasec

Camellia sinesis extract

liposome Cosmetochem

Green tealiposomeHerbasec

Camellia sinesis extract

liposome Cosmetochem

white hibiscusliposomeHerbasec

white hibiscus extract liposome Cosmetochem

Aloe veraliposomeHerbasec

Aloe vera extract liposome Cosmetochem

Gurana liposomeHerbasec

Gurana extract Phytosome Cosmetochem

Recent patents on novel herbal formulationUS patent No.

Active ingredient Novel system incorporate

Ref

US 5948414 Opioid analgesic and aloe Nasal spray 24

US 6340478 B1

Ginsenosides Microencapsulated and controlled release formulation

25

US 6890561 B1

Isoflavones Microencapsulated formulation

26

US 6896898 B1

Alkaloids of Aconitum Sp. Transdermal delivery system

27

US patent2007,0042062 A1

Glycine max containing 7s globuline protein extract, curcumin, Ginger officinalis

Herbal tablet dosage form

Conclusion

Novel drug delivery systems of herbal drugs have a potential future for enhancing the activity and overcoming problems associated with plant medicine.

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Atmakuri LR, Dathi S. Current trends in herbal medicines. J Pharm Res 2010; 3: 109-113.

Chanchal D, Swarnlata S. Novel approaches in herbal cosmetics. J Cosmet Dermatol 2008; 7: 89–95.

Terreno E, Delli CD, Cabella C, Dastru W, Sanino A, Stancanello J, et al. Paramagnetic liposomes as innovative contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging applications. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5: 1901-12.

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drug-delivery-systems-herbal-drugs http://ijbar.ssjournals.com/index.php/journal/article/view/151 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/

221732772_Importance_of_novel_drug_delivery_systems_in_herbal_medicines http://www.japtr.org/article.asp?issn=2231-

4040;year=2012;volume=3;issue=3;spage=142;epage=146;aulast=Ansari http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1517/17425240902980154

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