herbology 101 end of course assignment

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Herbology 101 First Year Review

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Herbology 101 Review Assignment for end of first year course.

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Page 1: Herbology 101 End Of Course Assignment

Herbology 101

First Year Review

Page 2: Herbology 101 End Of Course Assignment

Lesson One: The Introduction to

Herbology

and

Basic Equipment

Page 3: Herbology 101 End Of Course Assignment

• Herbology is the study, along with the use, of both mundane and magical plants. – These may be for medicinal purposes, protective purposes, or purely

educational purposes.

• Herbologist is any witch or wizard who understands the properties and nature of a plant.– Often times society belittles herbologists and call them "herbies" or "simple

gardeners"

• All herbs, fungi, trees, and flowers, (whether magical or mundane have a unique personality and gift)– Mundane plant is a non-magical plant.

– REMEMBER to respect the plants, and they'll respect you.

• Equipment of Herbology can be sorted into two categories:1. Protective Equipment: the things that will protect us against harm.

• Dragon-hide gloves

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• Earmuffs• Wand

2. Things used to care for the plants.• Dragon Dung - retrieved from the stool of any fire-breathing dragon,

can be used as a fertilizer for soil, as well as for compost in order to make a more organic fertilizer.

– Dragon dung works so well in breaking materials down,due to the acids found in dragon stomachs (necessary for dragons that digest and consume a very wide variety of organic and inorganic substances). These acids break down all materials down to their most natural state.

– It is scentless, and won't bother neither you or the plant. The lack of scent found in dragon dung is due to the fact that the dragons use all odorous gases in the production of their fire (not yet a proven fact by dragon keepers).

• Mooncalf Dung - considered a more gental option used for fertilizer. – Preferred for the planting and care of more sensitive plants.– Does not have the strength and power of Dragon Dung.

» If the soil is worn down, or does not have enough vitamin content to begin with, Mooncalf dung may not be powerful enough to contribute to what the plant requires to grow healthily.

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• Centaur Tears - a favorite drink for most plants, so you will find healthy plants in excess near any Centaur's dwelling place.

– They are more vitamin rich than regular water, Centaur tears are capable of reviving a plant moments from death.

– Some plants find them toxic. » Never water a plant which grows in salt water with Centaur tears.

– There is much controversy over Centaur tears due to the fact that the creatures that Centaurs are known to be above human intelligence.

» They take great care over the forests and lands in which they dwell, using their tears to care for the nature surrounding them.

» It is rare, but some very special people have been noted to form bonds with some Centaurs, notably Albus Dumbledore and Rubeus Hagrid. Such persons have been able to collect tears with the consent of the Centaurs, with the agreement that all the tears will be used for the betterment of plants.

» Due to the rarity of this, some witches and wizards will go out and try to obtain Centaur tears by means of stealth. Ministry laws protect Centaurs, but it is common knowledge among Herbologists that some sources are not as reputable as others to obtain Centaur tears from.

» These ethical issues are still being debated in the wizarding world, and how to handle the problem.

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• Things to REMEMBER:– Wear closed toed shoes.– Bring your apron.– Acquire a mask, in case of fumes or scents produced.– Herbology Today posted an article stating some statistics on safety and they

noted the following: • Over thirty thousand witches and wizards have had preventable accidents in the past

year.• 81% of those mishaps involved forgetting/neglecting to put on Dragon-Hide Gloves. • 21% of those incidents resulted in irrevocable damage.

– Professor Tudor• [email protected]

– Grading Policy• Outstanding – 90-100%• Exceeds Expectations – 80-89%• Acceptable – 60-79%• Poor – 50-59%• Dreadful – 40-49%• Troll – 0-39%

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Lesson Two:Care and

Use in Potions

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• Our roots affect who we become. – Although some would claim birth makes no difference at all, in

actuality our identities are formed from the roots and up, so origins cannot be discounted.

• A muggleborn will grow up without the Tales of Beedle the Bard, half-bloods will know a balance of each world, whereas many purebloods will be at odds in the world of muggles.

• Perhaps none of these roots are wrong, but there is still a time, a place, and a reason for each one.

• It does not do well to confuse them, just as it does not do well to mix methods with plants which require different sunlight and water levels.

– Some things to consider when planting is what type of soil the plant requires (All of these factors are a part of the identity of the plant.):

• Depth the seed should be planted

• How much water they require

• Sunlight the plant needs access to

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• Repotting is a stage considered a right of passage, just like our first day at Hogwarts.– The plant itself will enjoy the freshness of a new pot,

and the larger size tends to boost a plant's confidence.

– At the time of repotting a plants diet may change. – Flesh-Eating Plants usually double their intake, while

Gaviat Roots will eat a third of the servings of grass which it used to.

– While most plants will require the same amount of sunlight, the amount of water needed either increases or decreases.

– All of these factors are very important, and are not to be taken lightly.

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• Habitats bring about a lot of controversy on the field of Herbology. – Many plants have left their native lands and adapted to new habitats

(sometimes creating strains of a particular plant). – The movement of plants can cause many disruptions to their life

cycles. – Habitats acceptable for growth tend to revolve around what amount

of sunlight and water plants in the region have access to, although the temperature of the climate is also a factor.

• Lifespan is a delicate topic. – Besides cutting a plant's life short for medicinal or

experimental usages • the normal lifespans range between three years and five thousand

(although the records kept on these much older plants do not have enough information on planting dates to confirm).

• Trees tend to have the longest lifespans. • Cacti and guapo herbs also have lengthy lives.

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• It's important to recognize that plants are individuals. – Understanding the individuality and characteristics of individual plants can

be seen as a greater part of a transcendent whole. – It's because of this that Herbology is just as much about the plants as it is

about you discovering your own self through the plants.• In the mostly widely accepted version of the dreamless sleep potion,

both moonstone and starpuffs are present. (Of course, moonstone is a broken piece of hatched dragon's egg, but starpuffs are a plant. Pictures are included in lesson photographs). – Both these ingredients are named for their relation to sleep, and thus the

night. – While moonstone causes drowsiness, without the starpuffs a dreamless

sleep potion would not carry the name of dreamless. – Starpuffs, while alive in plant form, possess a hypnotic quality. If you don't

watch yourself, you will find yourself easily mesmerized by their sparkling petals and shimmering leaves.

– Without the starpuffs, a dreamless sleep potion would not give the user an inability to think, which is vital to the process of dreamless sleep.

– Distractions are indeed a large part of the dreaming cycles of both day and night.

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• It must be noted that other than the moonstone, the realm of sleep is most widely affected by plants.

• Mix an infusion of wormwood and some powdered root of asphodel, and you will produce a sleeping potion so powerful it is known as the Drought of Living Death.

• Other Major Plant Ingredients· Mistletoe berries· Wolfsbane/monkshood/aconite· Valerian Sprigs (also in sleeping potions)· Leaping Toadstool· Knotgrass· Peppermint· Root of Aconite· Poppy Heads· Shrivelfigs (shrinking potions especially)· Rose Thorns· Rose Oil

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• There are several different purposes for plants in potions. – Sometimes plants are used to add scent to perfumes, and other

times plants are added to a potion in order to add freshness or qualities of naturality to a beauty potion.

– In medicinal potions, plant ingredients are usually chosen based on their temperament, toxicity, and other properties of their identity.

• One other potion, relevant to this term’s work, is the Forgetfulness Potion. – Two of the three main ingredients of the Forgetfulness Potion are

plants: • Mistletoe berries- cause hallucinations, which helps to distract the

one who takes the potion, which helps allow the potion to take its effect of memory loss.

• Valerian sprigs- have a sedative quality, which allow for the mind to be put to sleep, which also causes forgetfulness.

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• For extra information which will prepare you for further study in this class, check out the following items. It is especially recommended to read about peppermint, as a non-magical plant having a clear strong and positive affect in potions.

– Asphodel– Fluxweed– Lovage– Motherwort– Nettle– Nux Myristica– Peppermint– Silverweed– Snakeweed– Potion

• Pictures for today’s class may be found by following the web address provided:

– https://www.facebook.com/hogwartsishereherbology/photos/a.618741711526993.1073741828.618733468194484/618741724860325/?type=3&theater

– https://www.facebook.com/hogwartsishereherbology/photos/a.618775201523644.1073741829.618733468194484/618775221523642/?type=3&theater

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Lesson Three:

Basic Herbs

and

Fungi

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• GILLYWEED– A rare herb native to the Mediterranean Sea– Grows to a height of 5cm - 7cm in soil with a pH range of 7.9–8.4

(Moderately alkaline)– Consumes a large amount of water – Requires little sunlight in order to thrive– Many weeds in the family of giliac weeds are this way; they need

little sunlight, but have no limit to how much they'll take in as long as they have the water which they need

– A slimy plant, grows as in bushel, and is grey-green in colour– Consumption of Gillyweed a human being results in temporary

growth of gills and webs between toes and fingers

– The effect lasts for about an hour in fresh water, and up to three hours in salt water (there's controversy among herbologists related to this, some suggested that the salt water number is not accurate, and many contest the difference of the effects of Gillyweed between salt and fresh water)

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– The properties of Gillyweed include a refreshed, nourishing feeling when it is consumed, thus making Gillywater a popular drink.

– Gillywood is a tree which grows in water, and is believed to be a relation to the Gillyweed due to the patterns in its leaves.

• How to make Gillywater:– Begin with either a pure water, or a juice.

– You will need a cucumber, as well as several sheaves of Gillyweed.

– Peel the cucumber, then cut it into long, relatively thin strips. Use the longest to tie the rest of the strips together.

– Pour whichever liquid you choose into the cup, and then add the cucumber. The longer you let sit, the stronger the cucumber taste.

– Right before drinking, add Gillyweed to the cup, and perhaps a chilling charm or icecubes.

• Gillyflower may also be added if you like a little spice in your drink.

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• VALERIAN ROOT (and sprigs)– Valeriana officinalis is a plant native to Europe and some of Asia, although it

has migrated to North America. – Muggles are aware of its existence, but many are unaware of its powers.

• The Valerian Root possesses sedative powers, and its sprig is used in several sleeping potions. The root is anxiolytic, thus it is also used in calming droughts and potions. Perfumes make use of the strong smell of the sprig (noted to be like a mix of cherry and vanilla), and the root itself is often worn by grooms at weddings, to ward of the envy of the elves. (This custom is still used today by wizards in Eastern Europe).

– Valerian may grow to be five feet, and forms bunches of attractive white flowers. At least seven hours of sun is required to keep healthy. Root division and seeding are effective ways of starting the growth of a new plant. The seed should be planted in soil with a pH level of 4.5–5.0 (very strong acid), about 1/8 of an inch down. Valerian Root ought to be harvested in the fall, or in the spring. It is important to keep the plant out of the way of cats, who are just as attracted to the root as catnip.

– For more information on potions using the Valerian root, check into articles about the following:

• Draught of Living Death• Forgetfulness Potion

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• KNOTGRASS– Another herb present at weddings, for it is symbolic of the tying together of

two people. • Actually, it's more literal than that. Knotgrass is used in polyjuice potions to help

temporarily turn one person's’ body in that of another. – Knotgrass is native European forests, and is present in Hogwart's Forbidden

Forest. – Growing from 5cm to 4m tall – Knotgrass has a very irregular growth pattern, perhaps due to its ability to

halt the growth of animals – Besides its use in the polyjuice potion, it is also in Knotgrass mead

(common at weddings) and in some love potions – Knotgrass is used by healers to treat urinary tract infections as well as

fertility issues– Knotgrass grows wherever there is a neutral level of pH level in soil (Slight

acid) 6.1–6.5 to (Neutral) 6.6–7.3, and plenty of water– The more sunlight, the faster it will grow – Knotgrass flowers in the summer, with the colour varying between whites,

pinks, and greens • When the flowers are done blooming, the stem must be cut bellow the flowering. • Remember: lots and lots of water.

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• DITTANY– Essential to healers, potioneers, romancers and parents– Dittany only grows naturally on the mountainside of Crete, Greece.

• Herbologists and Healers have greenhouses full of them, with specialised conditions to mimic that of Crete's climate

• Muggles go through many difficulties to retrieve this herb from its natural habitat; the process is dangerous for them and many don't make it.

– Muggles are aware of the romantic quality this herb possesses, and thus collect it for their significant others.

– Dittany aids in curing ailments of all manners, can prevent permanent scarring, is used in several love potions, and sometimes is used as a wand core.

– In liquidized form dittany is brown in colour. – In order to properly use Dittany, it must be diluted.

• This usually occurs in the liquidizing process.

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• Dittany grows 20cm - 30cm in height • Requires warmth and sunlight to thrive • Its Latin name is origanum dictamnus, and its closest relation is dictamnus albus,

which is also referred to as Burning Brush or White (False) Dittany• Dittany (like Knotgrass) grows in soil with an average pH level of (Neutral) 6.6–7.3. • To grow dittany, one must use a greenhouse in order to control conditions.

– Keep the temperature in the greenhouse at an even temperature of 13 degrees Celsius.

– Seeds should be lightly covered by soil, and then sprinkle lightly with water. Wait until the soil feels dry to water the Dittany.

– It is alright to accidentally give Ditty too much water, as long as you let it dry out before adding more again, but do be careful should you choose to grow Dittany.

• For some extra reading on potions using dittany research:– Wiggenweld Potion

• Photographs for today’s lesson may be found at:– https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?

fbid=619583541442810&set=a.619583511442813.1073741830.618733468194484&type=3&theater

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Lesson Four:

Dangerous

Plants

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The Mandrake (mandragora)

• Common in European countries• Shaped like a parsnip with wrinkled roots in the shape of a being • Above ground, it grows from between 5cm - 40cm, and resembles a

tobacco plant • Grows well around ground where men have been hung, for reasons not

appropriate for discussion in Herbology • Causes hallucinations, comas, and puts people into dreamlike states• It is used in sleeping potions, love potions, and also in a potion to revive

a petrified person• Uprooted mandrakes have the ability to cause death with their screams

– This is known to be a defense mechanism to prevent the depletion of their plant species.

– As soon as the mandrake has caused the death of one being, its screams stop.

– The expectation is that it will have been dropped and is able to re-root itself in the ground.

– It is unknown why the mandrake is only able to scream until it causes its first and only fatality.

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• Herbologists during the mediaeval era had some inhumane ways of dealing with Mandrake.

– In the old days, to uproot a Mandrake, one would dig out around the roots to the point that there would be enough room to tie a dog to the root with about a yard of rope.

– The master would then walk away, and loyally the dog would follow, pulling up the plant.

– The Mandrake would scream, killing the dog. – After the death of the dog, the mandrake would scream no more.

• There is a new method to uproot fully grown mandrakes which do not involve death.

– Recently (1954) Potioneer Amaradus Spencer discovered a potion which would prevent the need for a death to cease a mandragora's screams.

– Wear ear muffs when uprooting, and as soon as the plant is out of the dirt submerse it in an aquatandisu potion.

– The plant will thrash for several seconds, and then it will cease all movement. At this time the plant is ready for harvesting and will not screa (you cannot replant after submersion).

• Basic repotting of a Mandrake: – To re-pot a mandrake, wear ear muffs and dragon-hide gloves, and use medium

to heavy soil. – The concentration of water should be equal to 3/4ths of the plants approximate

weight.

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• FIRST AID– If a person slips into a coma from contact with

a mandrake, wash the spot of contact and immediately send for a trained healer to administer a tandisu injection.

– There is no reversal to death by the Mandrake's scream.

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Devil's Snare (Dassin sanate)

• Natural to Scottish highlands and lowlands• Will grow in all dark and damp areas. • Be especially wary of friding this plant when

travelling in caves and sloughs. – Recognisable features include swaying plant tendrils (very uncanny

while the air is still) and the vivid green despite lack of light. – Dassin Sanate attacks when one's back is turned, asleep, or already

in its grasp. The more you struggle against its strangulation, the quicker it kills you.

• A moment to remember the late Borderick Bode, victim to assassination by Devil's Snare during the second wizarding war -

– For first aid, remember that the plant hates heat and light. • Incendio, Lumos Maxima, etc may be use

– When a victim relaxed, the plant assumes death, and drops the victim. • Although playing dead works, Incendio is the recommended response in dire

situations.

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• Devil's Snare is used to guard objects, assassinate enemies, or as a distraction.

• There is no seed to grow devil's snare; it must be collected though wit and intellect. – To safely grow Devil's Snare after collection, surrounding area full of light so

it will not spread beyond where you intend it to reach. • There are some ethical concerns in regards to using Devil’s Snare

around muggles, as they have no knowledge or way to protect themselves. – In ancient days, as many as 3000 muggles died every year due to witches

and wizards protecting their treasure and property. – Today, the Ministry of Magic has laws governing where Devil’s Snare may

be located. • Not within ten hundred meters of anywhere muggles frequent

• FIRST AID– In an emergency situation, treat the person for strangulation and suffocation. – Rennervate, a reviving spell, may be useful, or Anapneo if they ended up

choking on their own tongue.

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Bubotuber

• Originates from Scotland• Looks like a giant black slug. • When squeezed, it releases gas-scented yellow pus.

– The pus treats acne, but must be diluted before it is safe. – Undiluted Bubotuber pus causes rashes and burns on contact. – Muggles classify the pus as corrosive, although none of them are aware of where it

comes from.

• To grow Bubotuber, one must plant a bulb in dark, nutrient rich soil. • Bubotuber requires very little sunlight, and can stand very cold weather.• Dragon dung is recommended for fertilizer, and lots of it!• To dilute the pus, either mix with dittany in liquid form or Gillywater. • The pus is also able to lose its scent over time, so be wary when opening

mail.

• FIRST AID– Cleanse wound for five minutes under clean cold water, before applying dittany.– It is recommended that one also take a potion for the pain.

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Lesson Five:

Rat Root

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Rat Root (Acorus calamus)

• Other names this plant goes by include sea sledge, flag root, myrtle grass, sweet myrtle, sweet rush, Gladdon, and Beewort. – *Beware, Rat Root is an abortifacient and therefore pregnant

women may not be treated with it.• A reed-like perennial that grows to the height of about

1m. • Its leaves are strongly scented with a bitter taste, and the

powdered rhizomes of Rat Root may be used as a substitute for ginger, cinnamon and nutmeg – although this is not recommended, as this plant should not be

taken in high doses or over long periods of time • Rat root has been viewed as a symbol of love, but

Herbologists refute this, as the properties of Rat Root are not conducive to romance, but are often used as a tool against women.

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• Qualities of Rat Root– Abortifacient– Anodyne (relives pain)– Anthelmintic– Aphrodisiac (used in some love potions)– Carminative– Counters the side effects of hallucinogens– Diuretic– Hallucinogen– Laxative– Otalgic (cures ear aches)– Sedative

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• The uses of vary greatly, as the herb is universal in properties and abilities (which perhaps explains its continued popularity despite the toxicity).

• Due to the sweet smell of the herb, it is commonly used in floor coverings.

• It is used in various ways in the art of Healing. – Some symptoms Rat Root can help cure are tooth aches, burns,

and eye diseases. – In powdered form Rat Root is capable of clearing a cough and

relieving the strain on one’s voice. – This herb is also used to help people after a stroke, in the recovery

process. – Seventeenth century Herbologist Nicholas Culpeper completed research

which suggests that it strengthens the mind and stomach, and this led to the use of it in some digestive potions.

– Also used as a mild tonic, and can be used to calm people’s nervousness in mildly stressful situations.

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• Rat Root is a water plant, so it grows in moist soils.

• So it's necessary to water the herb about once every two to three days.

• Sunlight is a MUST for Rat Root; – Do not plant this one in the shade!

• Rat Root grows best in shallow water, marshes, by the edge of a river, or in ponds.

• Seeds are ripe in July and August, and should be planted quite quickly after you obtain them.

• Rat Root flowers between May and July.

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Lesson Six:

Advanced

Herbology

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• Bouncing Bulb- AKA: Resilio bulbus, is a magical plant that can jump around, when not restrained.

• Purple in color, consist of a bulb shaped plant, with green leaves sprouting from its top.

• To care for this plant, you need a bathtub's worth of dirt (neutral PH level), in a fairly bright area. – Centaur tears are best when watering.

• Young Bouncing Bulbs are easy enough to handle, though if they wiggle free they often try to hit you in the face.

• They have the ability to grow to the size of doorways– So it's important to recognize signs of aggression from a Bouncing Bulb, as well

as how to subdue them.

• When threatened, they tend to jump towards anyone they view as a possible attacker.

– If you see a Bouncing Bulb coming at you, it is safe to assume that is showing signs of aggression.

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• Smaller Bulbs may be subdued with a knockback jinx Flipendo (fli-PEN-doh). – The wand movement is a check-mark, hill, and then

valley.

• Mitigating the hazard of a larger Bouncing Bulb requires fire, to which I recommend the spell incendio (in-SEN-dee-o). – This spell's wand movement is quite literally the shape

of a flame, although Herbologist Tilden Toots always found slashing movements to be equally effective.

– The fire causes withering of the bulb. Toots was fond of Bouncing Bulbs, and advertised help to Herbologists whose bulbs were losing height on his radio show.

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• Gurdyroot: resemble green onions in appearance – Their foul scent makes them easily distinguishable. – What is lacking in their scent is not made up for by their taste.– Gurdyroots are commonly used to "ward off evil" (by their

smell, presumably), as well as in potions which are attributed to this same purpose.

– Gurdyroot Infusion, a drink made with this plant, is of a red-purple colour, and a 'bogey-like' taste.

– Of the creatures Gurdyroots are said to ward off, Gulping Plimpies are among them.

• Herbologists are not yet in agreeance on the actual existence of that particular breed of Plimpie.

• Gurdyroots are able to grow in a diverse range of environments, provided the soil has enough nutrients.

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• Sunlight and water in adequate amounts will keep it alive for several months, as long as the soil is nutritious. – If there is a lot of sunlight, Gurdyroots can grow to be up to fifteen

centimetres in diameter.

• In order to take care of a Gurdyroot, it is necessary to have the plant in a pot 7 1/2 times the size of the bulb (or have the same ratio of space for the Gurdyroot if planted outdoors).

• What makes the Gurdyroot difficult to grow is many bugs like to 'attack' this plant, as the smell is offensive to them.

• While many mundane critters are kept at bay by the odor, bugs that have magic are inclined to attempt to break through the stem of the plant. – To prevent this from happening, it is recommended that you place a

protective spell around your plant. – Nonperiurabis should do the trick.

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• Aconite (Aconitum): AKA Monkshoodor Wolfsbane, (in muggle society "the queen of poisons", leopard's bane, women's bane, blue rocket, and devil's helmetare other names which refer to Aconite).

• Aconitum comes from the Greek word akonitos, meaning 'without dust' or 'without struggle'. – Without struggle would be the more appropriate reference,

and refers to the toxicity of aconite leaves, which were often used to kill wild animals during the middle ages.

– The poison was also applied to the tips of arrows when muggles fought each other in battle.

• Aconite is a poisonous sedative, powerful in small doses, and can be used to slow heart rate. It is also known to treat prickly pain in the skin.

• Aconite can be found in the wild, in forests and mountain ranges of moderate temperatures.

• To care for Aconite, always wear your dragon-hide gloves.

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• If you are harvesting the plant outdoors, be careful not to leave parts of the root exposed, as it can harm the wildlife nearby. – Remember, Aconite is highly poisonous.

• When growing Aconite, use nutritious soil, the darker and fluffier the better.

• Aconite thrives in shady areas, so if you are planting outside it is best to plant it close to trees.

• Do not attend to your Aconite while you have open wounds on your hand, as it takes great caution to ensure correct dosages of Aconite are used at the best of times.

– If your wound becomes infected by Aconite's poison, apply the antidote (a fully plant based potion: antropine) immediately, and head to St Mungo's, as only certified Healers will be able to fully handle your care.

– The importance of seeking treatment cannot be stressed enough. Death occurs almost instantaneously with large doses, although usually within two and six hours of exposure.

– Symptoms (which are evident within the first hour) include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting first, and then sensations of burning in the abdomen, mouth, and face, as well as tingling and numbness in the mouth and face. As death nears, numbness spreads throughout the body. Sweating, dizziness, headaches, confusion, and troubles with breathing may also occur.

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• Wormwood (Absinthe): is a plant that is commonly associated with sorrow and bitterness, and has been used in potion making since as long as potioneers have recorded knowledge of.

• It grows to a height between 1-2 meters, usually closer to two. • Common throughout Europe, Wormwood has wood-like roots, and

leaves which are 2-8 inches. • It prefers salty water, which many Herbologists speculate to be

related to the bitterness in taste and bitterness in nature of the plant.• Wormwood is an ingredient in the Draught of Living Death. • Healers will often use Wormwood in potions to help with digestive

disorders. • Properties of Wormwood include the ability to induce sweating,

stimulate the imagination, increase hunger, settle stomach, and is a counter-irritant (reduces pain).

• Wormwood leaves and flowers may be placed on the skin for dulling the pain of wounds such as insect bites.

• In potions, wormwood is also used by Healers to treat fevers, gall bladder, and lover disease.

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LESSON SEVEN:

NON-MAGICAL

PLANTS

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• Some important things to note when looking at non-magical plants:– AKA mundane plants by some sources – Non magical plants are much less temperamental

as compared to magical plants. – This is why many potioneers and healers to utilize

non magical plants in potions • Because the addition of non-magical plants does not tend to

cause explosions, major heat changes, or other sometimes disastrous mishaps which may occur during brewing.

– While magical plants are obviously necessary to create some of the effects of potions, where a non magical plant may bring about the necessary qualities and properties its use is much safer.

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• Lily plants (Lilium): are most commonly recognized for their flowers, which consist of three petals surrounded by three sepals (the part of the flower which encloses the petals).

• Lilies may come in several colors.– From blue, orange, pink, purple, and white, to yellow.

• It is also important to note that lilies come in a variety of shapes in regards to their flowers. – Shapes for lilies include bowl, funnel, recurved (Turk's cap), star,

and trumpet. – The flower itself may point upwards, downwards, or also to the side.

• Remember, not all species of lilies are able to produce flowers. In order to plant a lily you will need a bulb.

• The bulb should be planted 1/4 inch into the ground in nutrient rich soil, and have partial to full access to sun (5-6 hours of full sunlight is optimal).

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• As this is a non-magical plant regular water will suit just fine. Another aspect of the lily to consider is its stem.

• Usually a shade of green (though the stem can be red or purple) lily stems grow from a foot to ten feet tall.

• Lily stems tend to be thick and sturdy, though the size and weight of lily flowers often cause the stem to bend over.

• The leaves of lily plants are vital to the production of lily flowers. – This is due to a process where the leaves catch rays of light (from

the sun) and turn the light energy into carbohydrates. – This process would be for us like transfiguring sunlight into a

Hogwarts feast! • The carbohydrates are stored in the bulb, in order to produce flowers.• Always allow lily leaves to "die back" in a normal fashion, without

interfering. – This allows the lily bulbs to prepare for a stage of dormancy

throughout the winter. • Lily leaves come in as many varieties in shape and side as lily flowers.

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• One quality of lilies is that they are known to attract birds. • Lily plants are a high source of fiber when dried, and have many other health benefiting

properties. • They have several capabilities which even muggles recognise in them.

– The flower of a lily is able to help to regulate heart rate, and is also used in helping other conditions related to the heart.

– A lily may be used in the treatment of angina.– Lilies especially interact well with magic, as bulbs can be stimulated by magic to grow. – Future parents take note, lily flowers are excellent to use for the treatment of burns and to

prevent scar tissue from forming. – The roots of the flower may be made into an ointment to apply to burned areas.

(Remember, if burns cover the palm of your hand, or more than 10% of the body, seek a healer immediately).

– Spider bites may be treated with remedies including the lily flower and/or roots. – Herbal remedies can be made with the lily flower to support people who have had a

stroke.– In the form of tea, lily plants are used in the treatment of the following conditions and

symptoms: coughs and fevers, stomach disorders, wounds, sores, and for washing swollen bruised areas.

– The scent of lilies are used by muggles in what they call aromatherapy (the use of oils for healing).

– Lily flower essential oils are used for depressed individuals, as the scent is meant to induce feelings of happiness and security.

– Wizards use the scent of lilies in ways related to muggle uses in the realm of potions. (The flower of a lily plant is often an ingredient in anti-depressant potions).

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• English Rose (Rosa): “Roses are good for the skin and the soul.”– The English Rose, like lilies, grows in partial to full sunlight. – It is classified as a shrub, and grows from one to twenty feet.– As a shrub, width is also an important factor to consider when planting.

• It may grow from two to four feet wide, which depends on the variety that you obtain.

– The rose flower may be blue, green, orange, pink, red, or white.– Make sure to plant your rose shrub in soil with a pH range of 5.5–7.0.

• Most home gardens tend to have a pH of 6.5, however there is a spell you can do to test the soil.

– "Acidious revealious" (ah-sid-EE-us rev-EE-lee-us) will reveal to you, in the form of white mist, the number of the pH level your soil is.

• There are also muggle soil tests that can be done, but I am not an authority of those.

• If your soil is too acidic you can counteract the acid by adding finely ground limestone, and highly alkaline soil can become more acidic through the addition of ground sulfur.

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• When you receive your rose shrub it will look like a pile of sticks, but that is because it is in a dormant state.

• Once it is planted and receives enough nutrients it will be able to grow. – In wizarding society dragon dung should be used (which helps the

rose to interact with magic later) but muggles supplement nutrients by covering the base of rose shrubs with organic matter.

• Dragon hide gloves ought be worn to protect yourselves from rose thorns.

• Rose plants need lots of water, but do not drown them! – Let the water sink in before adding more. – During hot seasons, soak the roots twice a week. – When watering do not do a little water often, but a lot of water

occasionally. This is so when you water the deeper roots are reached. Also, make sure the water can drain.

• Rose oil is very costly. Due to the expensiveness of the oil, many people corrupt the oil (water it down, adulterate it) to a mix of lesser quality.

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• Only use pure rose oil for medicinal purposes. • Another warning to you — while rose oil is non toxic,

healers or potioneers ought to be consulted about usages and dosage.

• In the first century anno Domini, 32 medicinal uses were recorded by a muggle called Pliny the Elder.

• A Herbologist from the same time named Ponticus listed 36 uses, although four more uses have been discovered since then.

• First of all, it is important to note that rose oil is distilled from the petals. – This oil is used in the aforementioned process of

aromatherapy. – Also, roses have been used to add flavour to other medicines.

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The medicinal uses follow.

1. Eye diseases/ (as a tea) and to treat cataracts (from skin of the roots)2. Burns3. influenza4. Stomach problems / as a digestive stimulant5. Diarrhea6. Chronic finger sores7. Snow blindness (with an eyewash using petals, stem bark, and skin of the roots)8. Astringent/ for skin lotions9. Sore throats10. Treats rabid dog bites11. To stop nosebleeds12. To ease muscular pain/ antispasmodic13. Antidepressant /ease depression and anxiety14. Used in love potions15. Can decrease kidney stones16. Menstrual regulator (may be mixed with motherwort for cases of heavy flow too)17. Helps with kidneys18. Cleansing properties19. Anti-inflammatory

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20. Source of vitamin C21. Seeds are diuretic22. Seeds are a laxative23. Potions with dried petals treat headaches24. Soaking a cloth in cool rose water may be applied to the forehead to help treat headaches25. Scent in potions may relieve colic (muggles may use Rosehip tincture)26. Eases a cough27. May be used to treat dry skin28. May be used in a potion to relieve itching for women29. Combining Rose water with witch hazel makes a potion to help clear up skin

withpimples/acne30. Adding rose oil to bath water helps ease grief, and sometimes insomnia as well31. Rose tea helps relieve stress32. Has been used to prevent scurvy by consumption33. Eases colds34. Eases fevers35. Decreases swelling of puffy skin by compressing with rose water36. Scent in some potions may induce sleep37. Can help regulate blood thickness38. Rose oil is known to be antiviral39. Rose oil is known to be antibacterial40. Rose oil and rose water are known to be Antiseptic

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• All kinds of roses have unique scents, which contributes to it's diversity in medicine.

• Some kinds of roses interact better with magic than others, with the English Rose being the most welcome to magical influence.

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• Other major non-magical plants: used commonly by Herbologists, healers, and potioneers include:– Vanilla– Coco– Orchids– Salvia– Akabia– Shilajit.

• These will be covered in more detail in future years. • REMINDER: remember to collect some dandelion seeds

if you plan to continue on to second year Herbology.

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LESSON EIGHT:

CHALLENGES FACED

BY HERBOLOGISTS

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Perceptions of Herbology: The Gardening Effect

• Deemed "The Gardening Effect" because of its correlation to simplifying our understanding of plants and the work of Herbogists, the negative perception of Herbology has only begun to have a large effect in the last three hundred years.

• Let us now look into the historical side of the issue.– Long before the Statue of Secrecy, Herbologists

played an important role in muggle and wizarding cultures.

– Especially in the realm of healing and medicine, Herbology was a well respected subject.

– Even in the late 16th century, Herbologists were well respected in Aboriginal circles in North America.

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• They key to understanding this decline, is the natural world. • Our understanding of material existence has completely changed

over the last five hundred years especially. • There are many muggles today who express the opinion that

nothing exists except the material world, or another words, everything that exists has to be something they can see and study. (Of course, we witches and wizards are very aware of invisible reality, and that our relationship with the world includes an awareness of a very special energy, our magic).

• In developing this view, however, the natural world became something of a toy, a specimen.

• No longer did these muggles behold the world in wonder and awe. It makes life very dry… and then the wizards caught on too.

• Wizards didn't deny the existence of invisible and incomprehensible realities, but they found their own way to incorporate this unfortunate muggle view.

• Witches and wizards, decided that everything which could be a part of this natural world was decidedly muggle and inferior to our understanding of the world, precisely because it wasn't magic.

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• Are we not a part of the natural world also? Are we not magical as well? Yes we are! And magical creatures, are they not also a member of both realities? And what about plants…

• Yes, what about plants. I'd like to ask all of you to take a moment. Take a moment, and go outside. – Breathe in the air, smell the grass, the trees, the rocks, feel the

wind, taste the air, really taste it. – Then, think about what you see. If it is night, look at the stars. Can

you see any constellations? Our world is filled with spectacular magic.

– The physical, natural world is a part if our reality, although it is not all of it. But this physical natural reality joins with our own invisible, mystical reality. And plants, magical or muggle (but never truly mundane), are a beautiful, significant, complex part of everything.

– And this is why Herbology is an important field in magical study.

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• Now that we've gone over how the negative perception of Herbology started, we should take a brief look on the effect it has on Herbologists today.

• First and foremost The Gardening Effect has an effect on funding.– The wizarding population is hesitant about funding endeavours of

Herbologists, much more so than any other academic field. – Potioneers have been somewhat helpful on this front, sharing some

research money in order to further our understanding of plants and their properties; however, this help is limited to research in areas where plants are able to contribute to potion making and may draw away from other practical knowledge Herbologist would like to gain. St. Munglo's gives a rather small donation to Herblogists' studies as well, but this is limited by a board of directors which is afraid of public perception of giving money to the field of Herbology.

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• The field of Herbology also suffers by losing a number of excellent candidates to "more respectable" fields.

• Those who focus on Herbology often turn to potions or healing with their knowledge, rather than remaining directly in the field.

• Without a doubt, there is a lot of family pressure involved in the system. Herbologists make less money than others with the same amount of education, so no doubt this plays a role in people leaving the field as well.

• Public ridicule is to be expected as well. • When something isn't going right in other circles of academics, Herbologists

are often the scape-goat in the project. – At parties, few are interested in talking after learning that one is a Herbologist.

• To conclude our brief look at The Gardening Effect, I would like to ask you all to take a moment and consider your role.

– Where do you fit into the bigger story of the world? – What are you going to do with your life?– I hope that the next time you hear someone stuff off our field, you will be ready to

say: no, that's not right. Herbology is important too! – If you stay with this class through seventh year, I hope by then you will be able to

make a very sophisticated argument as to why.

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Alien Species:

• Herbologists face another major challenge when getting involved with field work: alien species (especially plants). – Other words which may be used to refer to alien species include

non-indigenous, introduced, exotic, and invasive species. – A definition of alien species would be a type of plant or animal

living outside of its original habitat, ecosystem, or geological range.

– The many effects an alien species can have on an ecosystem present many challenges to the fells of Herbology, and indeed to the ecosystem itself.

• For this lesson, we will be looking at the effects of invasive plants. • Please remember, this is a controversial topic as governments,

herbologists, muggle farmers and 'scientists' (scientists are a sort of muggle who seek to determine truths about the natural world.

• They are usually very helpful but can be known to overextend themselves. If you ever run into a muggle who says they are a sort of scientist, it is useful to remember they are probably quite smart) constantly disagree on details of the effects.

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• How invasion works:– 1. The seed/plant propagates into new

territory– 2. The plant adapts to the new environment– 3. The plant "takes over" the environment,

growing in numbers that may be beyond what the ecosystem can handle (some plants are able to adapt, grow wild in the habitat, and not overextend itself)

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Hazards Alien Plants Pose:

• Invasive plants tend to require more resources, draining the ecosystem when they grow prolifically.

• Water is especially a problem. – When alien plants take too much water, the ground can become too dry for other plants to

survive, and cause extinction of another plant species. – Also, sometimes the water supply drainage will affect how much fresh water nearby humans

have available to them. – It is estimated that invasive plants have taken up 7% more water resources in South Africa.

Sometimes a plant which is harmless in its natural habitat can cause enormous harm to another ecosystem.

– Invasive plants can destroy land which is normally arable by drying out the soil. – By changing the environment, flood and fire risks increase, which further damages the

habitat. It is possible for an invasive species to cause mass extinction of plants and animals.– Clearly, all these effect Herbologists working in the field. Invasive plants compromise

research, and can even destroy the survival chances of rare herbs and other endangered plants.

– Loss of arable land limits other areas which are kept natural for growing. • As great as greenhouses are, Herbologists often learn more from growing a plant in

its natural habit, and observing its natural use. – For example, pregnant crups often eat from a field of largrass (along with their regular meat

diet). This strange behaviour of a crup (repeated in further studies, so that we knew it wasn’t an isolated incident) led to the discovery of how largrass soothes morning sickness. Herbologists were able to observe natural largrass, found that carnivorous crups consumed it, and correlated the information they gained to further our knowledge of the medicinal properties of largrass.

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• Did you know? – Dandelions were introduced to North America in order

to help strengthen the ground, to root the soil in so that it wouldn't blow away?

– Remember, you will want Dandelion seeds in order to get through second year Herbology.

– If you cannot obtain Dandelion seed, I recommend grass seed, or find something else which grows quickly.

– If you find a seed other than dandelion, you will need to do your own research.

– Dandelions are preferred as they are classified as a magical plant, which will be explained in detail in second year.