heritage recommendation 650089 - queensland · lga sunshine coast regional council rpd 423 cg810565...

Heritage Recommendation 650089Queensland Heritage Act 1992

Under delegation from the Chief Executive, Department of Environment and Science, and under the provisions of s.44 of theQueensland Heritage Act 1992, I, Delegated Authority, Fiona Gardiner:

Recommend to Enter this place in the Queensland Heritage Register as a StateHeritage Place

Recommendation Date: 13-Mar-2019Delegate Name/Position: Delegated Authority, Fiona Gardiner

Figure 1: Buderim Mountain State SchoolFigure 2: Buderim Mountain State School boundary map 1extract (see attached map)

Place name Buderim Mountain State School

Address 8-42 Main Street, BUDERIM, 4556

LGA SUNSHINE COAST REGIONAL COUNCIL

RPD 423 CG810565 1 ROAD0

Prepared by Heritage, Department of Environment and Science_13-Mar-2019 1

Statement of Significance Criterion A

The place is important indemonstrating the evolution orpat tern of Queensland'shistory

Buderim Mountain State School (established elsewhere asBuderim Mountain Provisional School in 1875) is important indemonstrating the evolution of state education and its associatedarchitecture in Queensland. The place retains excellent,representative examples of standard designs that werearchitectural responses to prevailing government educationalphilosophies, set in landscaped grounds with play areas, sportingfacilities, and mature shade trees. Designed by the Department ofPublic Works to optimise natural light and ventilation, Block B(1951 extended 1954) and Block C (1959) were standard designsintroduced to address post-war population increases.

The Buderim War Memorial Arboretum (1945-46), sports groundand facilities (initially established in the 1930s by the AnzacMemorial Park Committee) (1930-1957), and stone memorial gates(1953) were a large component of a broader ‘living memorial’which was established by the Buderim Mountain War MemorialCommunity Centre (BWMCC) following World War II (WWII) tocommemorate those from the district who fought in World War Iand WWII. War memorials are a tribute to those who served, andthose who died, from a particular community. They are animportant element of Queensland’s towns and cities and are alsoimportant in demonstrating a common pattern of commemorationacross Queensland and Australia.

Criterion D

The place is important indemonstrating the principalcharacteristics of a particularclass of cultural places

Buderim Mountain State School is important in demonstrating theprincipal characteristics of a Queensland state school. Theseinclude: teaching buildings designed to standard governmentdesigns; and a generous landscaped site with mature trees,assembly and play areas, and sporting facilities.

Block B (a Temporary Classroom Building) is an intact example ofits standard type. It retains: its gable roof; lowset, timber-framedstructure; north-facing, open verandah with bagracks; banks oftimber-framed operable windows, French doors, and fanlightsproviding natural light and ventilation; and two 21ft (6.4m) x 24ft(7.3m) classrooms.

Block C (a High Set Timber Building with Semi-enclosed Stair) isan intact example of its standard type. It retains its: highset, gable-roofed form with semi-enclosed, covered play space under; timber-framed and –clad construction; north-facing open verandah ascirculation to south-facing classroom; bagracks verandahbalustrade; large banks of north and south-facing windows inclassroom walls providing abundant natural light and ventilation;and 21ft (6.4m) x 24ft (7.3m) classroom.

Criterion E

The p lace i s impor tan tbecause of i ts aesthet icsignificance

Buderim Mountain State School is important for its aestheticsignificance brought about by its large manicured grass sportsground fringed by mature trees, a beautiful and conspicuouslandmark in the main streetscape of Buderim. With attractive views

650089Buderim Mountain State School

Assessment of significance


to and from the place, and within the grounds, this setting includesa picturesque processional route from the memorial gates, acrossthe open sports ground, into the closely-planted, soaring trees ofthe arboretum – a strikingly evocative, contrasting sequence. Thisroute forms the final length of public commemorative war marchesthrough the town and location for memorial ceremonies.

Criterion G

The place has a strong orspecial association with apar t icu lar communi ty orcultural group for social,cultural or spiritual reasons

Buderim Mountain State School has a strong and ongoingassociation with the wider Buderim community, and with formerpupils, parents, staff members of the school. Established in 1875,generations of Buderim children have been taught at the schooland it is important for its contribution to the educationaldevelopment of Buderim and as a focus for the community.

Since their establishment, the War Memorial Arboretum (1945-6),sports ground (1930s-46) and memorial gates (1953) continue toplay a significant role in the Buderim community’s commemorationceremonies, including Anzac Day and Remembrance Day. Itrepresents the broader ‘Living Memorial’ established by theBWMCC that continues today as the Buderim War MemorialCommunity Association.




History Buderim Mountain State School was established in 1875 as Buderim Mountain ProvisionalSchool on a nearby site before moving to its present 6.06ha site in 1887 in the centre oftown. The school retains two 1950s teaching buildings that were standard designs notablefor their abundant provision of natural light and ventilation – Block B (1951 extended in 1954)and Block C (1959). An important feature of the school is its mature trees, including itsextensive pine forestry plot and arboretum planted as a war memorial in the late 1940s. Thearboretum, sports grounds, and memorial gates are components of a broader ‘War MemorialCommunity Centre’, established in 1945 by the Buderim community as a ‘living memorial’.The school has been in continuous operation since its establishment and has been a focusfor the local community as a place for important social and cultural activities. The traditional owners of the Maroochy District, within which Buderim is located, were theGubbi Gubbi language group, including the Nalbo, Kabi Kabi, Dallambara, and Undanbi. Themild sub-tropical climate and rich volcanic soil of the region supported abundant vegetationand food. Europeans first explored the Maroochy District in the 1820s. The native forestsbecame a steady source of income for settlers during the 1870s and 1880s, but Maroochysettlers needed to be versatile to ensure their selections remained economically viable. Bythe mid-1870s, sugar cane was grown extensively in the area, with planters utilising SouthSea Islander labour. Buderim Mountain sugar planters John Fielding and his son-in-lawJoseph Chapman Dixon, established the mountain's first sugar mill in October 1876.[1]Other crops grown in the area were bananas, citrus, pineapples and ginger. Queensland'scoastal areas north of Brisbane, and the hinterland, developed rapidly in the 1880s.Buderim, a settlement which developed to service the local farmers, was established by thelate 1880s.[2] Buderim Mountain Provisional School, the first school in Buderim, opened in 1875 on a siteseveral kilometres east of the current school site, and was attended by students from all overthe district.[3] Attendance at the school grew and by 1887 a new school was constructed onthe current site closer to the town’s centre and renamed Buderim Mountain State School.[4]The building became inadequate and in October 1916 a new school building (Block A) wasofficially opened.[5] In 1911 Reginald George Bartlett was appointed head teacher at Buderim Mountain StateSchool. With an interest in agriculture, Bartlett began a program of experimental planting atthe school to teach the children farming techniques with a focus on finding suitable crops forthe district. In 1913, this work was commended by the Under Secretary of Education, JDStory, who highlighted the school’s focus on fruit cultivation.[6] Despite the importance of the rural sector in the Queensland economy, rural education andtraining was slow to develop. In 1850 the first president of the Brisbane School of Arts, WADuncan, urged that an industrial school be established to instruct boys in the ‘theory andpractice of agriculture and horticulture' but no action was taken until the 1890s.[7] In 1897the Queensland Agricultural College was established at Lawes near Gatton. It providedtraining for young men in the arts of agriculture and related sciences.[8] The college wasunder the control of the Department of Agriculture and Stock and was part of a widerscheme of introducing ‘scientific agriculture' to the colony that also included experimentalfarms and travelling model dairies.[9] Within the school system, a limited form of rural instruction was introduced in syllabuschanges made in 1905 and 1915. The principal avenue of instruction in primary schools wasvia project club activities such as livestock raising (pigs, calves, and poultry), bee keeping,milk testing, and forestry. In 1917 a rural school was established as an adjunct to theNambour State School. The success of this venture prompted the expansion of rural schools




and courses in Queensland.[10] As part of the Nambour scheme, four schools (termed ‘linked schools’) in the immediatedistrict contributed to the rural school project – Buderim Mountain, Mapleton, Woombye, andYandina. All these schools had head teachers with an interest in agriculture. In March 1917all five head teachers met at Nambour State School prior to implementing the project, ‘themain idea underlying the establishment of the rural school system was to give a practicaltrend towards scientific agriculture, and so prepare a training ground, as it were, for theAgricultural College at Gatton’.[11] It was agreed that each school would cultivate certaincrops thought to be suitable for that particular area. Buderim Mountain was initially allocatedthe cultivation and observation of bananas, thought to suit the mountain’s conditions. Theother schools would concentrate on growing crops such as pineapples and citrus fruit.[12] Bartlett left Buderim Mountain State School in 1920 to work as an Assistant Instructor ofBanana Culture in northern New South Wales.[13] Buderim Mountain State School ceasedto be involved in the rural school scheme and by August 1920, the entire linked schoolscheme had been abolished by the Department. The overall rural school system continued,however, with 29 rural schools established throughout Queensland by 1939.[14] Although the Buderim school was no longer an official ‘rural school’, it continued to placesome emphasis on agricultural education. From the 1920s, a project club existed. Cropssuch as strawberries and cabbages were planted and the children received ‘instruction oncultural methods, control of pests and diseases, and soil physics’.[15] In 1932, at the requestof RL Prest, Instructor in Fruit Culture, an experimental plot of six different varieties ofMacadamia trees was planted in the grounds. The children were to care for the trees andmonitor their progress to find the most suitable variety for the district.[16] In 1936, tenders were called for the construction of a teachers residence for BuderimMountain State School.[17] This replaced an earlier 1886 timber residence.[18] By 1919 an Anzac Memorial Park Committee had been established in Buderim, whichapproached the Department of Public Instruction to obtain 2.5 acres (1ha) of the schoolgrounds to establish a public Anzac memorial park and sports ground. This request wasgranted under the proviso that the land remained government-owned. The committeeplanned to plant memorial trees to its fallen soldiers of World War I (WWI) adjacent to theproposed sports grounds as a memorial.[19] However, ground works did not begin until the 1930s. In 1936 working bees were held which‘have effected a clearance of the rubbish and undergrowth in the lower part of the schoolground where it is intended to make a sports oval’.[20] Although only part of the groundswere improved at this time, it was enough to enable sports such as football, cricket, andtennis to be played.[21] At the end of World War II (WWII), several prominent Buderim Mountain communitymembers took further steps to establish a fitting war memorial for the town. In late 1945, theBuderim War Memorial Community Centre (BWMCC) was established. The philosophybehind the movement was to create a ‘living war memorial’ to honour the men and womenfrom the district who had served in both WWI and WWII. It was to be a decided move awayfrom the standard monumental war memorials which were erected throughout Australiafollowing WWI, as the president of the committee, W Chadwick stated: ‘those of us who havelived through the aftermath of WWI know only too well the thousands of pounds that werespent on memorials of cold stone which never have or will be of any direct benefit to the ex-serviceman’.[22] The objectives were clear: ‘To assist in the rehabilitation of returned menand women by drawing them actively into the social life of the community; to educate bothadults and children in the ideals of community living and common citizenship; to provide bygoodwill and example a pattern of living they hope to see spreading not only through the




State, but through the nation and onwards to other countries’. Their motto was ‘Service toCommemorate Sacrifice’.[23] Following the devastation caused by WWII there was a strong ideological shift towardestablishing living memorials to commemorate those who died in the war.[24] This was notexclusive to Australia; Britain, the United States of America, and Canada supported thecreating of living memorials. The Buderim Mountain community embraced the idea of a livingmemorial. In practice, it was proposed that support services, amenities, sporting facilities,and entertainment venues be established on the mountain for the use of ex-service men andwomen, and the whole community.[25] By October 1946, the committee had achieved aseries of improvements in Buderim: a Maternal and Child Welfare Clinic; a mountain busservice for pensioners and invalid servicemen; a community hall with billiard and readingroom; picture shows; sporting clubs including tennis, croquet, cricket and football; and atheatrical group.[26] By mid-1948 the committee had added a concrete cricket pitch to thesports ground, and built two community tennis courts (replacing the 1930s court) and ashelter shed at the western side of the oval.[27] In 1952 a croquet lawn was built beside theoriginal tennis courts.[28] Arbor Day had been an important event at Buderim Mountain State School. Many of themature trees within the grounds were planted as Arbor Day trees, including numerouscamphor laurels (Cinnamomum camphora).[29] On Arbor Day, 1945, 100 Pinus taeda trees,commonly known as loblolly pines, were planted in the school’s forestry plot.[30] Forestryplots were the product of after-school agricultural clubs, introduced in 1923 at primaryschools, under the ‘home project’ scheme. Curriculum driven, these clubs had a secondarycommercial value as well as disseminating information and helping to develop a range ofskills. The Department of Primary Industries provided suitable plants and offered horticulturaladvice.[31] School forestry plots were seen by the government as a way of educating thenext generation about the economic and environmental importance of trees, as well asproviding testing grounds for new species.[32] In addition to the ongoing improvements being undertaken throughout the Buderim district bythe BWMCC, in July 1946 a proposal for the establishment of an ‘arboretum’ was adopted. Itwas hoped that ‘the laying of an arboretum planted with suitable trees … will add beauty toan already fine natural setting’.[33] In December of that year this came to fruition, with theplanting of a further 600 trees, comprising 10 species, in the reserve beside the sportsground and the recently planted pine forestry plot at the school. The Buderim War MemorialArboretum was planted by a large number of community members, including 50 childrenfrom the school, and would ‘serve to perpetuate the memory of those who served in the lasttwo wars’.[34] The pine forest was included as part of the war memorial. Enrolments at Buderim Mountain State School grew in the postwar era and new classroomaccommodation became necessary. In 1951 Block B was constructed. This was a lowset,timber-framed and -clad building with a gable roof and a north-facing verandah. It was a‘temporary’ building, built to a standard type (E/T5), and accommodated only one classroom.The building had abundant natural light and ventilation through banks of timber-framedcasement and double-hung windows and fanlights. In 1954 Block B was extended with asecond classroom on its eastern end, matching the earlier section in form and detail. A set ofFrench doors was inserted in the partition between rooms and a small hatroom enclosurewas on the east end of the verandah.[35] In July 1953 memorial gates were added to the entry of the memorial sports ground on MainStreet. The gates formalised the entrance and consisted of four low bluestone pillars withdecorative timber gates, turnstile, and a plaque with the inscription ‘We Will RememberThem’. The official unveiling was held on 3 July 1953 with visiting dignitary, Hon. JosiahFrancis, Minister for the Army, opening the gates. All materials for the memorial gates were




donated by locals.[36] In 1959 another classroom building, Block C, was constructed. Highset on concrete posts, itwas a timber-framed and weatherboard-clad building with an 8ft (2.4m) wide verandah onthe north side used as circulation to a single, south-facing classroom 21ft wide x 24ft long(6.4mx7.3m). The earlier buildings on the site had been built parallel to the site boundariesbut Block C disregarded this and was built at an angle to face directly north, which wascharacteristic of the standard type.[37] Designed by the Department of Public Works, thetype (High Set Timber Building with Semi-enclosed Stair, F/T4) was introduced in c1950 andbuilt into the 1960s.[38] This type was typically long buildings of multiple classrooms and itwas planned for Block C to be extended on its eastern end with further classrooms but thisdid not occur.[39] Block C included typical variations of features introduced into laterversions of the type – a bagracks balustrade on the verandah and louvres in the verandahwall.[40] The understorey had a concrete floor and was used as semi-enclosed coveredspace with a perimeter bench seat. The southern and verandah walls were extensivelyglazed, providing abundant natural light and ventilation to the classroom. In 1957 a tennis court was constructed near the school, on the eastern side of the sportsground.[41] In the 1960s another tennis court had been built adjacent to the original two.Between 1990 and 1993 the original two tennis courts were demolished, leaving only thelater courts. A public swimming pool replaced the demolished courts, while the remainingcourt was refurbished and another added beside it. Between 1997 and 1999 the croquetlawn was demolished to make room for a large road roundabout.[42] In 2016 the teachersresidence was removed.[43] Block A (1916) has had considerable changes made to it and is not considered to be of statelevel cultural heritage significance. From the 1970s, other buildings were constructed at theschool which are not of state level cultural heritage significance and include Block D (1972),toilet block and covered play area (1973), Block G (1975), Pre-school centre (1977), Block E(1982), tuckshop (1987), administration block (1990), amenities block (1993), severalmodular buildings.[44] In 2019 the BWMCC continues its important community work in the spirit in which it wasfounded. Known today as the Buderim War Memorial Community Association, itsheadquarters are located in the former post office on Burnett Street. The memorial gates,sports ground, arboretum, and pine forest play important roles in Buderim’s annual AnzacDay commemorations, with the march travelling through the gates to the pine forest, wherethe service is held in the cool shade of the trees. This demonstrates the strong degree ofcommunity association that continues in 2019. Buderim Mountain State School has played an important role in the Buderim Mountain anddistrict community since 1875 and continues to do so. Generations of students have beentaught there and many social events held in the school’s grounds and buildings since itsestablishment. The school continues to be a centre for social, sporting and communityevents. Description Buderim Mountain State School stands on a 6.06ha site in the centre of Buderim, a townstretching along the ridge of Buderim Mountain, Sunshine Coast. The town landscape is hillyand treed and concentrated along Main Street, the principal thoroughfare. The school sitefronts Main Street one block east of the main retail area. It comprises a complex of schoolbuildings at the western end and a large sports oval at the eastern end with an extensiveforest of mature trees between.




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Features of state-level cultural heritage significance are: school complex, comprising

Block B (Temporary Classroom Building, 1951 extended 1954)Block C (High Set Timber School Building, 1959)

war memorials, comprising Memorial Gate (1953) Memorial Sports Ground (1936-48) with embankment (1936-48)Memorial Arboretum (by 1948)

mature treesviews within and to the site.

Block B (Temporary Classroom Building, 1951 extended 1954) Block B stands in the complex of school buildings and is an intact, small, lowset timber-framed and -clad, two-classroom building with a gable roof. It is oriented with its long sidesfacing northwest and southeast and has a northwest-facing verandah providing access tosoutheast-facing classrooms. Its two phases of construction are expressed in subtle butlegible ways. Features also of state-level cultural heritage significance include:

existing location and orientationopen space to northern and southern sides, facilitating abundant natural light andventilation of interiorlowset gable-roofed formconcrete stumps with metal ant capstimber chamferboard cladding, with evidence of two phase construction in southern walltimber-framed casement windows with timber-framed fanlights in southern wallopen verandah with hatroom enclosure walls – timber chamferboard cladding at eitherend of verandahtimber verandah floor boards, unpaintedmetal hooks and timber board, mounted at a low height to verandah wallverandah ceiling lining – flat sheets with D-shaped cover strips (1959)original two-rail timber verandah balustradetimber verandah stair with two-rail balustrade (1959) on western end of buildingverandah bagracks balustrade with crimped metal sheet cladding and timber dowelracks (1959)single-skin verandah wall construction (externally exposed framing)verandah wall timber-framed double-hung windows, timber-framed French doors, andtimber-framed fanlights24’x21’ classroom layout with dividing partition including evidence of central connectingdoor original door, fanlight, and window hardware (brass)internal wall linings (different in the two rooms indicating the different constructionphases): 1951 room lined with v-jointed timber boards; 1954 room lined with flat sheetmaterial and cover strips.




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Features not of state-level cultural heritage significance are: internal flat sheet ceilingsconnecting door at southern end of dividing partition (later)corrugated metal roof sheets (later replacement of original deep corrugated asbestoscement roof sheets) and rainwater goodsmetal louvre window inserted in verandah hatroom enclosure at east end ramp to verandahnon-original door, window, and fanlight hardware (not brass)non-original part-height partitions and associated doorsblackboardselectrical services and fittingsweather vane mounted to gable end.

Block C (High Set Timber School Building, 1959) Block C stands in the complex of school buildings and is an intact, small, highset, timber-framed and -clad, one-classroom building with a gable roof. It is oriented at an angle to theother school buildings in order for it to orient north. It has a verandah on the northern sideaccessing the south-facing classroom. Features also of state-level cultural heritage significance include:

orientationopen space to north and south sides, facilitating abundant natural light and ventilation ofinteriorhighset gable roofed formcorrugated metal roof sheetsconcrete understorey slab and concrete postsweatherboard cladding extending to enclose the east, west, and south sides of theunderstoreymetal-framed glass louvre windows in understorey (one window has been sheeted over)ventilated (packed open) timber weatherboards in gable apexestimber-framed awning windows with timber-framed pivot fanlights in southern walltimber stair, stair balustrade, and awning roof (original stair, refixed here c1966)open verandah and bagracks balustrade with crimped metal sheet cladding and timberdowel rackstimber verandah floor boards, unpaintedmetal-framed verandah wall louvres with metal-framed louvre fanlights and glazedtimber-framed French doorsceiling of verandah and stair awning – flat sheets with D-shaped cover stripsinterior wall lining (flat sheet material with D-shaped cover strips) with timber skirtingboards (north and south walls), timber architraves, timber cornicedoor, fanlight, and window hardware including fanlight opening mechanisms24’x21’ classroom space.

Features not of state-level cultural heritage significance are: internal flat-sheet ceiling lining and cornice bead




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blackboardselectrical services and fittings.

Memorial Gate (1953) A war memorial gate stands on the school boundary at the western end of the grounds,providing access into the sports ground from Main Street. Features of state-level cultural heritage significance are:

the memorial gate comprising three short, rock-faced pillars forming a centre vehicleentrance with separate pedestrian entrances either sidemetal, pillar-mounted plaque reading ‘WE WILL REMEMBER THEM’.

Features not of state-level cultural heritage significance are: the metal gates and turnstile (which are later replacements of original timber gates andturnstile)concrete ground surfaces around the gate.

Memorial Sports Ground (1936-48) with embankment (1936-48) A large, flat, manicured grass sports oval occupies the western half of the school grounds.Bordered by mature trees, the flat, manicured, and open lawn is a strikingly attractive andlandmark feature in the hilly, treed landscape of the town. Features of state-level cultural heritage significance are:

the open manicured grass of the sports groundthe sloping embankment on the east side of the sports ground between the sportsground and the arboretum (only the steep landform and location of the embankment isof state-level cultural heritage significance, see below).

Features not of state-level cultural heritage significance are: rock-face of the embankment and its stairs and handrailsall other associated features including spotlights, sheds, fences, bins, cricket pitch, andplayground equipment.

Memorial Arboretum (by 1948) An impressive stand of trees occupies a substantial area of the school grounds, wrappingaround the sports ground on its north and east sides and forming a strikingly vivid feature. Itcomprises hundreds of mature pine trees planted closely together, some in plantation rows,without any understorey plantings. The majority of the trees are hoop pines (Araucariacunninghamii) and the ground surface is natural earth. Features of state-level cultural heritage significance are:

all Arboretum treesthe unplanted, open natural ground space between tree trunks.

Features not of state-level cultural heritage significance are: a small timber dais used for ceremoniesasphalt and concrete pathsfences.




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Mature Trees As well as the trees of the Arboretum, the school grounds include other mature trees ofstate-level cultural heritage significance. These trees are:

four mangoes (Mangifera indica), planted prior to 1956 two mangoes stand together, in a garden north of Block B between theadministration building, Block A, and Block Done mango stands east of the Arboretum, between demountable buildings and theundercover area near the tuckshop, north of the “Enrichment Centre’one mango stands between the administration building and the library.

three camphor laurels (Cinnamomum camphora), planted prior to 1956 these trees stand south and east of the administration building in an informalcarpark area adjacent to Main Street

one fig (Ficus sp.) and eleven slash pines (Pinus elliottii), planted prior to 1956 these stand in a rough line north of the Memorial Gate, between the tennis courtsand the sports ground

fourteen camphor laurels (Cinnamomum camphora), most planted prior to 1956these are planted in a fairly evenly-spaced line inside the school’s boundary toMain Street bordering the sports ground. They extend from the tennis courts in thewest to reach the school buildings in the east.

All other trees and garden features, vegetation, paths, garden beds, and retaining walls arenot of state-level cultural heritage significance. Views There are attractive views to the sports oval, boundary camphor laurels, and the Arboretumfrom Main Street, forming a prominent element of the streetscape. There are also distinctiveand attractive views from the Memorial Gate and the western side of the sports oval acrossthe open flat lawn to the Arboretum, a route used for Anzac Day processions. Features of the Place Not of State Level Cultural Heritage Significance Features of the place not of state level cultural heritage significance are:

other buildings and structuresthe school bellretaining walls, landscape stairs, covered ways, concrete paths and ground surfaces,gardens, and signsboundary fencetennis courts and basketball courts including associated features such as nets andfenceall fabric (other than overhanging tree canopies) in the road reserve including footpath,grass verges, gutter, road material, structures, and signs.




Illustrations

Figure 3: Block B

Figure 4: Block B 1951 classroom




Figure 5: Block C

Figure 6: Block C classroom




Figure 7: Mango east of Arboretum

Figure 8: Buderim War Memorial Gate




Figure 9: Sports Ground with Arboretum at left and centre and camphor laurels at right

Figure 10: Mature camphor laurel




Plans

Figure 11: Block B and Block C plan




Proposed heritage register boundary

Figure 12: Boundary Map 1




Figure 13: Boundary Map 2




References [1] QHR 600688, Pioneer Cottage Buderim, Department of Environment and Science. [2] QHR 601711, Palmwoods to Buderim Tramway Track Foundation and FormworkRemnants, Department of Environment and Science. [3] Bill Lavarack, Stories of Old Buderim, Buderim Historical Society Inc., 2014, p.32. [4] Lavarack et al, Stories of Old Buderim, p.32 [5] Telegraph, 19 June 1915, p.8; Brisbane Courier, 19 June 1915, p.16; Chronicle andNorth Coast Advertiser, 6 October 1916, p.4. [6] Daily Standard, 10 March 1913, p.6. [7] Moreton Bay Courier, 6 July 1850. [8] Hector Holthouse, Looking Back. The first 150 years of Queensland schools, a report forthe Department of Education, Queensland, 1975, p.128. [9] Greg Logan, “American Prophet among Queensland Farmers: the troubled career of EMShelton, 1890-98” in Educational Historian, 3:1, 1990, pp.i-iv. [10] Thom Blake, ‘Educating Queenslanders’ in Queensland Historical Thematic Framework, 2007 (rev.2013 by EHP), p.12. [11] Brisbane Courier, 24 May 1917, p.6. [12] Tony James Brady, The Rural School Experiment: Creating a Queensland Yeoman,Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013, p.109; Brisbane Courier, 24 May 1917,p.6.; As part of the linking of the schools, an excursion was to be held each month of theschool year, to visit one of the participating schools. This would provide the opportunity forthe children to see the progress of the other schools as well as for them to gain a widerknowledge of agricultural methods.[12] The first of these excursions was to BuderimMountain State School in May 1917. It was attended by 130 visiting pupils from the otherfour schools as well as a large contingent of parents and supportive community members. [13] Brady et al, The Rural School Experiment: Creating a Queensland Yeoman, p.113. [14] Brady et al, The Rural School Experiment: Creating a Queensland Yeoman, p.144&151. [15] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 25 May 1934, p.13. [16] Telegraph, 13 December 1932, p.11; Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 7April 1933, p.1. [17] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 28 February 1936, p.4. [18] An important development for Buderim was the construction of the Palmwoods toBuderim tramway which began operations in 1914. It enabled Buderim growers an efficientmeans of transporting their produce to market and subsequently provided the impetus forsubstantial settlement expansion and economic growth in the Buderim area. The tramwayalso provided public transport for locals and visitors alike. The tram terminus and associatedbuildings and infrastructure had been built on the school reserve on the corner of MainStreet and Lindsay Road.[18] Unfortunately, with the impact of the Great Depression, thetramway increasingly proved unprofitable and was closed in 1935; QHR 601711, Palmwoodsto Buderim Tramway Track Foundation and Formwork Remnants, Department ofEnvironment and Science; Buderim Historical Society Records, ‘Buderim Mountain SchoolSite and Schoolmasters House’, Archaeological Study, Record Cards, 1983, BuderimHistorical Society. [19] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 9 May 1919, p.4. [20] At the same time, the former tramway lines and associated buildings adjacent to thesports ground were removed and the land allocated for future sport facilities. NambourChronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 26 September 1936, p.3; Bill Lavarack, History ofSport on Buderim – the First Hundred Years, Buderim 150, Buderim Historical Society, 2012,p.15; Nambour Chronical and North Coast Advertiser, 3 July 1936, p.5. [21] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 23 October 1936, p.6; Helene Cronin,




Buderim’s Great War Effort 1914-1918 and its Living Memorial, Buderim Historical Society,2015, p.307-8. [22] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 1 June 1945, p.5; Nambour Chronicleand North Coast Advertiser, 1 September 1945, p.7; Lavarack et al, Stories of Old Buderim,p.95. [23] The Courier Mail, 12 October 1946, p2; Lavarack et al, Stories of Old Buderim, p.95. [24] David Lambert, ‘A Living Monument: Memorial Parks of the First and Second WorldWars, Garden History, Vol.42, p.51; Andrew M Shanken, ‘Planning memory: LivingMemorials in the United States During World War II’, The Art Bulletin, 84:1, 9 May 2014,p.132; ‘Living War Memorials’, Social Science Review, Vol.21 No.1, March 1947, p.127. [25] Lavarack et al, Stories of Old Buderim, p.95; Lavarack et al, History of Sport on Buderim– the First Hundred Years, p.15; Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 1 June1945, p.5; Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 1 September 1945, p.7; CourierMail, 12 October 1946, p.2. [26] Courier Mail, 12 October 1946, p.2. [27] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 16 July 1948, p.1; Lavarack et al, Stories of Old Buderim, p.102; The location of the two tennis courts is determined by aerialphotography Qld Aerial Photography QAP649060, 1956, which shows only two side by sidetennis courts at the western side of the oval. [28]An important component of Queensland state schools was their grounds. The early andcontinuing commitment to play-based education, particularly in primary school, resulted inthe provision of outdoor play space and sports facilities, such as ovals and tennis courts.Also, trees and gardens were planted to shade and beautify schools and schools celebratedArbor Day from 1890. Aesthetically-designed gardens were encouraged by regionalinspectors, and educators believed gardening and Arbor Days instilled in young minds thevalue of hard work and activity, improved classroom discipline, developed aesthetic tastes,and inspired people to stay on the land; Paul Burmester, Margaret Pullar and MichaelKennedy, Queensland Schools A Heritage Conservation Study, a report for the Departmentof Education, 1996, pp.4, 48-49. [29] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 4 September 1931, p.5. [30] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 23 November 1945, p.5. [31] State Education in Queensland 1927, p.26; lnformation from Greg Logan, History Unit,Department of Education cited by Paul Burmester, Margaret Pullar and Michael Kennedy, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study A report for the Department ofEducation, Nov 1996, p.61. [32] Located throughout the state, Arboretum plots were a means of experimenting with avariety of tree species in different soil and climatic conditions. Encouraged by the Educationand Forestry Departments, by 1953 about 380 Queensland schools were undertakingforestry projects; Courier Mail, 11 April 1934, p.10; Queensland Times, 19 November 1949,p.5; Queensland Country Life, 2 November 1950, p.4; Queensland Times, 10 July 1951, p.2; Central Queensland Herald, 12 July 1951, p.16; The Courier Mail, 16 May 1953, p.3; Queensland Times, 2 June 1954, p.2. [33] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 16 July 1946, p.1. [34] Queensland Country Life, 30 December 1948, p.2. [35] Project Services Report, ‘Buderim Mountain State School’, Site No. 20223, QueenslandGovernment. [36] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 3 July 1953, p.1; Lavarack et al, Stories of Old Buderim, p.86; Helen Cronin, Buderim’s Great War Effort, 1914-1918 and itsLiving War Memorial, Buderim Historical Society, 2005, p.322. [37] Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study A report for theDepartment of Education, Nov 1996, p76. [38] The type did not always include a semi-enclosed stair, despite its type name.




[39] DPW Plan 11839531, ‘Buderim Mt State School Alterations and Remodelling’, March1959. [40] In c1966 the original stair on the west side of Block C was removed and refixed on thenorthern side in a reconfigured L-shape with generous awning roof. In c1976 it wasremodelled for administration use with partitions built to accommodate smaller offices. Thiswork was reversed in c1986 with the partitions removed and the space reverting to a singleclassroom; Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study A reportfor the Department of Education, Nov 1996, pp. 74-7; DPW Plan 11839542, ‘BuderimMountain State School Repositioning and Reforming Staircase’, May 1966; DPW Plan13875961, ‘Buderim Mountain State School Block D Additions Block C Remodel’, July 1976;DPW Plan 11793551, ‘Buderim Mountain SS New Tuck Shop and Alterations to Block C’,June 1986. [41] Lavarack et al, Stories of Old Buderim, p.100 & 102; Qld Aerial PhotographyQAP0747035, 1958; ePlan drawing Buderim Mountain State School Contour and DetailSurvey, 25 February 1975, note label on court is ‘TENNIS COURT (Hard Court)’. [42] Qld Aerial Photography QAP5494 Frame 247, 18 December 1997 and QAP5781 Frame7, 19 July 1999. [43] Nambour Chronicle and North Coast Advertiser, 28 February 1936, p.4; QueenslandGlobe aerial photography https://qldglobe.information.qld.gov.au/ accessed 8 January 2019.The residence was a standard DPW Type 3. [44] Project Services Report, Buderim Mountain State School, Queensland Government,2006.




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