hesitation noises, honorifics, language games, etc. · lardil have a taboo against saying the names...
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Hesitation Noises, Honorifics,
Language Games, etc.
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um, uh… (English)
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um, uh… (English) ano, eeto… (Japanese) ano, kuwan… (Tagalog) iyey… (Passamaquoddy)
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(doodad, thingumabob, doohickey, whatchamacallit, thingamajig, whosis, whatsit…)
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Lardil have a taboo against saying the names of the recently dead…
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Lardil have a taboo against saying the names of the recently dead…
thamarrka ‘person with the same name as a recently dead person’
kunarungkunaru ‘recently dead person, or a person or thing with the same name’
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“mother-in-law” languages…
Dyirbal “Jalnguy” bana jujama ‘water’ buni yibay ‘fire’ yara bayabay ‘man’
…different words for every noun and verb in the language, apparently.
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Javanese speech registers
ngoko (informal), madya (for strangers), krama (formal)
‘I want to eat’= Aku arep mangan (ngoko) Kula ajeng nedha (madya) Kula badhe nedha (krama)
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Honorifics in many languages…
Tibetan ming ‘name’, mtshan ‘name (honorific)’
za ‘eat’, mchod ‘eat, drink, wear… (hon)’
dngul ‘money’, phyad dngul ‘money (hon)’
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Honorifics in many languages…
Tibetan ming ‘name’, mtshan ‘name (honorific)’
za ‘eat’, mchod ‘eat, drink, wear… (hon)’
dngul ‘money’, phyad dngul ‘money (hon)’
These are addressee oriented: you use them to indicate respect for the person you’re talking to.
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Honorifics in many languages…
Tibetan ming ‘name’, mtshan ‘name (honorific)’
za ‘eat’, mchod ‘eat, drink, wear… (hon)’
dngul ‘money’, phyad dngul ‘money (hon)’
These are addressee oriented: you use them to indicate respect for the person you’re talking to.
There are also honorifics that mark subjects, for example, as worthy of respect:
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honorifics
Gakusei-ga kimasita. Gakusei-ga ikimasita. student came student went
Sensei-ga irassyaimasita. (Japanese) teacher came/went/…
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Japanese also has what are sometimes called humilifics, which indicate that the subject is of lesser social status than some other participant in the action:
Taroo-ga Suzuki-sensei-o o-tasuke sita. Taro-NOM Suzuki-teacher-ACC HON-help did ‘Taro helped (teacher) Suzuki’.
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Language games
Pig Latin (Igpay Atinlay)
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Language games
Pig Latin (Igpay Atinlay) Double Dutch (Dudoubublule Dudututcashhutch)
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Language games
Pig Latin (Igpay Atinlay) Double Dutch (Dudoubublule Dudututcashhutch) Baliktad na Tagalog (“Backwards Tagalog”)
kapatid ‘sibling’ à tidkapa maganda ‘beautiful’à damagan pangit ‘ugly’ à ngitpa
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Language games
Pig Latin (Igpay Atinlay) Double Dutch (Dudoubublule Dudututcashhutch) Baliktad na Tagalog (“Backwards Tagalog”) Zuuja-go (“Jazz Language”, Japanese)
piyano ‘piano’ à yanopi mazui ‘bad’ à zuima kodomo ‘child’ à domoko
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Language games?
Warlpiri jiliwirri ‘funny’ language: used during certain initiation ceremonies.
It involves replacing pronouns, nouns, and verbs with their antonyms…
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Language games?
Warlpiri jiliwirri ‘funny’ language: used during certain initiation ceremonies.
It involves replacing pronouns, nouns, and verbs with their antonyms…
nyuntu-npa kirrirdi à ngaju-rna dangkarlpa you-2SG small I-1SG big ‘You are small’ ‘I am big’
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Language games?
Warlpiri jiliwirri ‘funny’ language: used during certain initiation ceremonies.
It involves replacing pronouns, nouns, and verbs with their antonyms…
ngaju ka-rna walya-ngka nyina-mi I PRES-1SG ground-LOC sit-NONPAST ‘I am sitting on the ground’
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Language games?
Warlpiri jiliwirri ‘funny’ language: used during certain initiation ceremonies.
ngaju ka-rna walya-ngka nyina-mi I PRES-1SG ground-LOC sit-NONPAST ‘I am sitting on the ground’
à kari ka nguru-ngka karri-mi other PRES sky-LOC stand-NONPAST ‘Someone else is standing on the sky’
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Language games?
Warlpiri jiliwirri ‘funny’ language: used during certain initiation ceremonies.
wakulyarri ‘rock wallaby’ à yulkaminyi ‘spectacled hare-wallaby’
ngapiri ‘red gum tree’ à wapurnungku ‘ghost gum tree’
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Language games?
Lardil demiin (“Damin”)
again, used under ritual circumstances…
consists of about 200 words, all with very general meanings, which replace Lardil nouns and verbs.
Ngithun dunji-kan ngawa waa-ngkur werneng-kiya-thur my y.bro.in.law-GEN dog go-FUT food-ALL-FUT ‘My younger brother-in-law’s dog will go get food’
n!aa n!2a-kan nh!2u diidiith-ur m!ii-ngkiya-thur
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Language games?
l*i ‘fish, good, fat’ n!aa ‘I, we’ n!uu ‘you, they’ didi ‘affect harmfully’ (bite, stab, spear, burn…)
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Language games?
l*i ‘fish, good, fat’ n!aa ‘I, we’ n!uu ‘you, they’ didi ‘affect harmfully’ (bite, stab, spear, burn…)
l*i diidin wujburr ‘seagull’ fish catching bird
ngajburr wiidin wujburr ‘sandpiper’ person burning bird
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24.917 ConLangs: How to Construct a Language Fall 2018
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