heterotrophic algae growth -...
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Heterotrophic Algae GrowthHeterotrophic Algae Growth
11/23/2009 1
Growth Conditions
BiochemicalAnalysis
Reactor Design & Culture
Trans-esterification
2nd Semester
BiodieselProduction
Algal Ingredient
CSTR , Plug flow
Water Chemistry Algae Sp.
1st Semester
4th Semester
Chlorophyl l Acid
Biodiesel
Biomass (Algae growth)
pH
Marine Algae
Results
Literature
CSTR , Plug flowHigh rate Pond
Mixed culture
Pure culture
pH, DO
COD, TN, TP
TSS, FSS,VSS Fresh wateralgae
Lipid
Oil
5th Semester
Chlorophyl l
Carbohydrate
6th Semester
Protein
Enzyme
Acid
Alkali
11/23/2009 2
3rd Semester
Heterotrophic growth
6th Semester
TODAY
Heterotrophic Algae GrowthHeterotrophic Algae GrowthHeterotrophic Algae GrowthHeterotrophic Algae Growth
Instructors :
Dr. Li Ling LIN Dr. Jack Jie-Dar Cheng
Advisor : Prof. Paris Honglay Chen, PhD MPH PE
Sustainable Resources & Sustainable Engineering Research groupSustainable Resources & Sustainable Engineering Research group11/23/200911/23/2009 33
Speaker : Ramaraj Rameshprabu
Dr. Paris Honglay Chen Dr. Der-Guey LIN
Course 9105 : 4Course 9105 : 4Course 9105 : 4Course 9105 : 4thththth Year SeminarYear SeminarYear SeminarYear Seminar
ContentsContentsContentsContents1. Introduction2. Literature Review
2.1 Algae growth conditions 2.2 Definition2.3 Essential characteristics2.4 Species(Heterotrophic)2.4 Species(Heterotrophic)2.5 high lipid(Autotrophic)2.6 high oil(Autotrophic)2.7 Marine Species2.8 Culture Medium2.9 Other applications
3. Summary11/23/200911/23/2009 4
1111.Introduction.Introduction.Introduction.Introduction
Sustainable resource utilization &
biotechnology approach
Algae biomass - renewable energy sourceAlgae biomass - renewable energy source
Find out the high content lipid or oil algae sp.
To growth algae heterotrophically
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Photosynthesis :light / dark reactions
Dark reaction
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Light reaction
Hetero-trophic
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2.12.12.12.1 Algae growth conditions Algae growth conditions Algae growth conditions Algae growth conditions
11. Autotrophic. Autotrophic
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3. Heterotrophic3. Heterotrophic
22. Mixotrophic. Mixotrophic
1. Autotrophic1. Autotrophic
An organism that produces organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light (by photosynthesis) or chemical reactions.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotroph
11/23/2009 8http://algaenews.blogspot.com/2009_07_01_archive.html
22. Mixotrophic. Mixotrophic
Simultaneouslyin the light and on carbon source (K.Chojnacka,A.Noworyta (2004)
Light
11/23/2009 9http://www.oilgae.com/
+ Carbon source(sucrose, glucose,
CO2…
3. Heterotrophic3. Heterotrophic
An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex
organic substances for nutrition.
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+ Carbon source(sucrose, glucose,
CO2 …
http://www.oilgae.com/
2222. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review2222....2222 HeterotrophicHeterotrophicHeterotrophicHeterotrophic DefinitionDefinitionDefinitionDefinition
Heterotrophic an organism that cannot produce its own energy and its must obtain its energy from external sources. An organism that cannot synthesize its Definition 3An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition.This ability of an organism to use an organic molecule as carbon source is known as heterotrophic organisms.
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Definition 1
Definition 3
(1,3) http://www.oilgae.com/ref/glos/heterotrophic_growth.html(2) http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/heterotroph
Definition 2
2222. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review2222....3333 Essential characteristicsEssential characteristicsEssential characteristicsEssential characteristics
Heterotrophic culture is best used in monoculturesRequires extensive sterilization of media and equipment.
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and equipment. The ability to divide and metabolizewithout light The ability to grow on inexpensive and easily sterilized media;
2222. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review2222....3333 Essential characteristicsEssential characteristicsEssential characteristicsEssential characteristics
The ability to adapt rapidly to the new environment
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The ability to withstand hydrodynamic stresses in fermentors and peripheral equipment
2222. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review2222....4444 Species (Heterotrophic)Species (Heterotrophic)Species (Heterotrophic)Species (Heterotrophic)
No Microalgae Carbon source Application Reference
1Chlorella
protothecoidesGlucose,
Yeast extractbiodiesel
Yun Cheng et al., 2009
2Chlorella
protothecoides
Sugarcane juice,
Glucosebiodiesel Cheng et al.,2009
Glucose
3Chlorella
protothecoidesglucose
Lipid, lipid as a oil,biodiesel
X. Miao and Q. Wu, 2006; H. Xu et al.,
2006;
4Chlorella
protothecoidesstarin 25
glucose LipidT. L. da Silva, et
al.,2009
5 Gyrodiniumdominans acetate LipidE.D.Lund et al.,
2009
6 Chlorella vulgarisacetate,glucose, glycerol
LipidBiodiesel
Y.Lian et al., 2009
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2222. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review
2222....5555 high lipid(Autotrophic)high lipid(Autotrophic)high lipid(Autotrophic)high lipid(Autotrophic)
NoNo StrainStrain Lipid (Lipid (w/w%) ReferenceReference
1 Scenedesmus Scenedesmus obliquusobliquus 1212--1414 E.W.BeckerE.W.Becker, (1994), (1994)
2 Scenedesmus Scenedesmus dimorphusdimorphus 1616--4040 E.W.BeckerE.W.Becker, (1994), (1994)
3 ChlamydomonasChlamydomonas rheinhardiirheinhardii 2121 E.W.BeckerE.W.Becker, (1994), (1994)
4 Chlorella Chlorella vulgarisvulgaris 1414--2222 E.W.BeckerE.W.Becker, (1994), (1994)
5 Spirogyra sp. Spirogyra sp. 1111--2121 E.W.BeckerE.W.Becker, (1994), (1994)
6 Nannochloris sp. 40Ratledge,(1989) Y. Chisti (2007)
7Monallanthus salina 72
Ratledge(1989)Y. Chisti (2007)
8 Outirococcus sp 50 Ratledge(1989)
9 Chlorella Chlorella Protothecoides 14 Miao & Wu (2005)
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Table: Main Chemical components: Autotrophic (AC) & Heterotrophic (HC) C. Protothecoides
Component(%) AC HC
Protein 52.64± 0.26 10.28± 0.10
2222. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review2222....5555....1 1 1 1 Lipid(AC & HC)Lipid(AC & HC)Lipid(AC & HC)Lipid(AC & HC)
Lipid 14.57± 0.16 55.20± 0.28
Carbohydrate 10.62± 0.14 15.43± 0.17
Ash 6.36± 0.05 5.93± 0.04
Moisture 5.39± 0.04 1.96± 0.02
Others 10.42± 0.65 11.20± 0.61
11/23/2009 16(Miao & Wu,2005)
3.4 times more
2222. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review. Literature Review2222....5555....2 2 2 2 Lipid (Lipid (Lipid (Lipid (C.protothecoidesC.protothecoidesC.protothecoidesC.protothecoides AC & HC)AC & HC)AC & HC)AC & HC)
11/23/2009 17Autotrophic Heterotrophic
No Species Oil content (%) Reference
1 Botryococcus braunii 25-75 Y. Chisti (2007)2 Chlorella Sp. 28-32 Y. Chisti (2007)
40 Illman et al. (2000)
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2.62.62.62.6 high oil (Autotrophic)high oil (Autotrophic)high oil (Autotrophic)high oil (Autotrophic)
3 Chlorella vulgaris40 Illman et al. (2000)
56.6 Liu et al. (2007)4 Chlorella emersonii 63 Illman et al. (2000)56
Chlorella protothecoides 23 Illman et al. (2000)
Chlorella sorokiniana 22 Illman et al. (2000)7 Chlorella minutissima 57 Illman et al. (2000)8 Crypthecodinium cohnii 20 Y. Chisti (2007)9 Cylindrotheca Sp. 16-37 Y. Chisti (2007)10 Dunaliella primolecta 23 Y. Chisti (2007)11 Isochrysis Sp. 25-33 Y. Chisti (2007)11/23/2009 18
Spices nameLipid Content
w/w%Oil content
w/w%Reference
Outirococcus sp 50 Ratledge(1989)
Dunaliella bioculata 8 Becker, (1994)
Dunaliella salina 6 Becker, (1994)
Ratledge(1989),
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2.7 Marine species (Autotrophic)
Monallanthus salina 72 > 20 Ratledge(1989), Y. Chisti 2007
Schizochytrium sp. 50–77 Y. Chisti 2007
Phaeodactylum tricornutum 20–30 Y. Chisti 2007
Crypthecodinium cohnii 20 Y. Chisti 2007
Dunaliella primolecta 23 Y. Chisti 2007
Isochrysis sp. 25–33 Y. Chisti 2007
Nannochloris sp. 40 20–35Ratledge(1989), Y. Chisti 2007
Tetraselmis sueica 15–23 Y. Chisti 2007
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2.72.72.72.7 Culture mediumCulture mediumCulture mediumCulture medium
11. Natural water (filtered). Natural water (filtered)
A nutrient material, either solid or liquid, used to support the growth of microorganisms or to maintain cultures.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-culturemedium.html
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33. Carbon source. Carbon source
11. Natural water (filtered). Natural water (filtered)
2. Artificial chemical components2. Artificial chemical components..
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2.72.72.72.7 Culture mediumCulture mediumCulture mediumCulture medium
2.7.1. Natural water (filtered)2.7.1. Natural water (filtered)2.7.1. Natural water (filtered)2.7.1. Natural water (filtered)
the water (river, pond, marine water, etc) filtered by 0.45 µm filter paper as medium.
11/23/2009 21Source : SRSE-Lab, Dept. of SWC, NCHU
Mixed Culture
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2.7. Culture medium2.7. Culture medium2.7. Culture medium2.7. Culture medium
2.7.2. Artificial chemical components 2.7.2. Artificial chemical components 2.7.2. Artificial chemical components 2.7.2. Artificial chemical components
Organic/ inorganic nutrients prepared by synthetic chemical with distilled water
11/23/2009 22Source : SBRC, Bogor Agri. Uni. Indonesia
Pure Culture
No. Carbon Source Microalgae Reference
1 AcetateBrachiomonas submarina Tsavalos & Day, 1994
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chen & Johns, 1996
Chlorella saccharophila Tan & Johns, 1991
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review
2.7. Culture medium2.7. Culture medium2.7. Culture medium2.7. Culture medium2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source
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2 Glucose
Chlorella saccharophila Tan & Johns, 1991
Chlorella sorokiniana Chen & Johns 1991
Dunaliella tertiolecta Gladue & Maxey, 1994
Nannochloropsis oculata Gladue & Maxey,1994
Scenedesmus acutus Ogawa & Aiba, 1981
Tetraselmis chuii Gladue & Maxey, 1994
Tetraselmis verrucosa Gladue & Maxey, 1994
2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source
No. Carbon Source Microalgae Reference
3 Glutamate Nitzschia alba Barclay et al.,1994
Chlorella pyrenoidosa Gladue & Maxey, 1994
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4 Acetate, glucose
Euglena gracilis Cook & Heinrich, 1965
Nitzschia alba Lewin & Lewin, 1967
Tetraselmis suecica Gladue & Maxey, 1994
5 Lactate, glutamate
Chlorella pyrenoidosa Running et al., 1994
Tetraselmis suecica Day et al., 1991
2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source2.7.3. Carbon source
No. Carbon Source Microalgae Reference
6 Acetate, asparagine Haematococcus pluvialis Kobayashi et al., 1997
7Glutamate,
yeast extractPoterioochromonas
malhamensisGladue, 1991
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7yeast extract malhamensis
Gladue, 1991
8Acetate, glucose,
ethanolChlorella regularis Endo et al., 1977
9Acetate, glucose,
Lactate, glutamate
Chlorella vulgaris Gladue & Maxey,1994
Dunaliella salina Gladue & Maxey, 1994
Tetraselmis tetrathele Gladue & Maxey, 1994
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2.82.82.82.8 Other applications (Heterotrophic)Other applications (Heterotrophic)Other applications (Heterotrophic)Other applications (Heterotrophic)
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2. Literature Review2.82.82.82.8 Other applications (Heterotrophic)Other applications (Heterotrophic)Other applications (Heterotrophic)Other applications (Heterotrophic)
Combination of nutrition and
pharmaceutical
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CO2
SummarySummarySummarySummary
Led to the attempts to commercially cultivate
phototrophic cells in the dark.
Application point of view
I. Focus on screening phototrophic
II. High contents of valuable products
III. High content of lipid or oil
IV. Grow well in the dark 11/23/2009 28
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