HI 112 US History IIWorcester State University

Collision Courses 1946-1960 (Chapter 28)

Hiroshima, August 1945

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America Transformed

Productivity & full employmentEnd to Depression; era of prosperityNew technologies & products

developed in warExpanded opportunities – roots of civil

rights movement & feminist movementDemocrats solidly in control of

CongressEnd of isolationism in foreign relationsUS as a world power

• 1 year unemployment pay• college or vocational training (tuition directly paid by govt)• 1 million men

• low-interest, zero down payments for housing mortgages• loans for business start-up

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act 1944 (aka GI Bill)

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Eisenhower

GHW Bush

ReaganCarter

Ford

NixonJohnson

Kennedy

Cold War (1946-1991) - Definitions

Opposing political ideologies + conflicting national interests + nuclear weapons = heavily armed standoff

•Atomic weapons arms race•Truman Doctrine of containment (political consensus)•AntiCommunism in the US (hysterical at times)•Marshall Plan to keep Soviets out of W. Europe•NATO•Chinese Revolution 1949 & Chinese Communism•Support (sometimes covert) of wars against communists in Asia and other parts of the world•Constant military buildup/ readiness/ spending in the US

International Responsibilities

“An iron curtain has descended…”

--Winston Churchill Bretton Woods Agreement (IMF, World Bank) 1944United Nations 1945

European Reconstruction

NATO 1949North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Cold War Europe – by 1949

Paul Nitze, author of NSC-68,the “blueprint of the Cold War”

George Kennan, author of 1947 “Containment Policy” telegram from Moscow

Election of 1948

DemocratRepublicanDixiecrat

Communist Revolution in China, 1949

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Korean War, 1950-1953

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Nuclear Testing in Nevada, 1951-1963

The Atomic Age

1950s Cold War Sci-Fi

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McCarthyism & the Second Red Scare

The Baby Boom, 1945-1960

DuPont worker Steve Czekalinski & family, from Cleveland OH, with their food for one year (cost $1300). Life Magazine, 19

November 1951

Sunkist Gardens Housing Project, Los Angeles CA published in the California Eagle 28 Sept 1950

Election of 1952

1952 1956

Two Americas?

West Memphis, Arkansas in 1949

WW2: CORE, FPEC

Military desegregation (Truman Executive Order) 1948

Pro Baseball (re-)desegregation, 1947

CA state SC overturns ban on interracial marriage, 1948

NAACP voter registration drives, early ‘50s

Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

Thurgood Marshall

Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1954

Children of the Brown case

Baltimore police escorting students to school, October 1954

Arrest of Rosa Parks, 1 Dec 1955, Montgomery Alabama

National Guard escorting the “Little Rock 9”Little Rock HS, Arkansas, 1957

Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

Murder of Emmett Till & acquittal of his killers, 1955

Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956

Desegregation of Little Rock HS, 1957

Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1960