hidden ingredients · fruits, vegetables, milk, whole grains, legumes, lean meats, poultry, and...

Food Chemistry Day 1: Eat Real | 89

Food Detective Case #230 minutes

Hidden I ng redients

M a te r i a l sIn Guide:• Corn Food Imagescards

p. 93

• Mystery Food Item Images and Labels cardsp. 94

• Hidden Cornlessonresourcep. 104

• Uses of Cornactivitysheetp. 105

• Hidden Corn Derivatives activitysheetp. 106

• Whole vs. Processed Foods teachernotep. 109

Other Materials:• 10manilaenvelopes• Camera• 1freshearofcorn• i2journalsandpencils

for each camper

O ve r v i e wIn this activity, campers identify the differences between whole,semi-processed,andprocessedfoods. Campers recognize that whole foods come from plants and animals – fruits, vegetables, milk, whole grains, legumes, lean meats, poultry, and fish. Campers use ingredient clues to determine mystery food items and learn about the hidden ingredient that is found in much of our processed foods, corn! Campers explore why choosing whole foods over processed foods is healthier. Through this exploration campers discover that the industrial food system is responsible for many of our processed food items while the community food system provides more whole and semi-processed food items.

Obj e c t i v e sCamperswillbeableto:• explainwhatawhole,semi-processed,andprocessedfoodisandbeable

toidentifyexamplesofeach;• analyzethecomplexityofprocessingfoodandthehiddeningredients

addedtoprocessedfoods;and• identifytheprosandconsoffoodprocessing.

Be f o re Yo u B e g i n :• Reviewlessonplanandallinguidematerials.• PreparetheCorn Food Imagescards(canbeprintedorprojected).• MakecopiesofUses of CornandHidden Corn Derivativesactivity

sheetsforeachcamper.• Preparetenmysteryitemenvelopesusingthe Mystery Food Item

Images and Labels cardsandmanilaenvelopes.PlaceoneMystery Food Images cardinsideeachoftheenvelopes.Sealtheenvelope.Adherethecorrespondingnutritionlabeltotheoutsideoftheenvelope.MakesuretheMystery Food Imageisnotvisiblethroughtheenvelope.Iftheimageisvisibleyoumaywanttocovertheenvelopewithconstructionpaper.

#2

90 | Day 1: Eat Real Food Chemistry

C l u e s c o l l e c t e d :• Uses of Cornactivity

sheet• Hidden Corn

Derivativesactivitysheet

• Photoofnutritionlabelsandmysteryfooditems

Case #2: H idden I ng redients Pro cedu re

1. Introduce the CaseIntroducecamperstotheirnextfooddetectivecase,Hidden Ingredients.Campersdeterminewhatamysteryfooditemisbasedsolelyonthenutritionlabel.Brieflyreviewwhatcampershavelearnedaboutfoodsystems.Which system produces predominantly “whole” food items? Which system produces predominantly processed food items?

2. Explore Whole versus ProcessedHoldupanearofcornandtheCorn Food Imagescards.Havecampersidentifywhichfooditemisthewhole,semi-processed,andprocessedfood.Askcampers: What are the differences between each item? What makes something semi-processed versus processed? Is Go-Gurt semi-processed or processed? How about the yogurt from the farmers market? Askcampersforexamplesofwholefoods.Writethemontheboard.Where do these food items come from?Were they originally from a plant or an animal?

3. Determine the Ingredients

Foodscanbechangedandprocessedintomanydifferentthings.Explaintocampersthatingroupsoftwotheywillbegivenamysteryfooditeminasealedenvelope.Eachenvelopehasanutritionlabeltapedtothefront.Campersmustguesswhatfooditemisintheenvelopebasedontheingredientlabel.

Dividetheclassintogroupsoftwoanddistributethemysteryfooditemenvelopes.Ascampersareexaminingtheirmysteryitemsandmakingguessesastowhatisinside,askcamperstothinkabouthowmanyingredientstheirfooditemhas.Askcampers,how many of the ingredients do you recognize and how many of the ingredients can you pronounce?Havecamperswritedowntheirthoughtsintheiri2journals.

Campersopentheirmysteryfooditemenvelopes.Didtheyguesscorrectly?Fiveofthemysteryitemscanbefoundintheindustrialfoodsystemandfivecanbefoundinthelocalfoodsystem.Havecampersidentifywhichfoodsbelongtoeachsystem.Takephotosofeachgroup’snutritionlabelsandfooditems.

4. Connect Processed Food and HealthExplaintocampersthatsometimesprocessingfoodisbeneficial;forexamplegrindingcorntobecomecornmealorcookingtomatoesinordertomaketomatosauce.Howevertoomanyofthefoodsavailabletodayaresohighlyprocessedthatit’sdangeroustoourhealth.Explainthatoneofthenegativeoutcomesofoverlyprocessingfoodsisthatweloosetrackof


whatisactuallyinourfoods.

Askcampers:Of the ingredients listed in your mystery food, how many do you recognize? Explainthatonewayofdiscoveringhowmuchafoodisprocessedisbylookingattheingredientlist.Ifafoodisawholefoodlikeanapple,thereisnoingredientlist.Applesareminimallyprocessed.Theygetwashedandsorted(andperhapspackageddependingonwheretheyarepurchasedfrom)butarenotchangedinanywaybeforetheyareconsumed.Ifafoodissemi-processed,theingredientlistwillbeveryshortasseeninthepretzelssoldatthefarmersmarket.Ifafoodishighlyprocessed,theingredientlistwillbeverylongasseeninthechickennuggetsfromtheindustrialfoodsystem.Explaintocampersthatanutritionlabelisaclueindetermininghowhealthyafooditemis.Readinganutritionlabelisatoolcampersandtheirfamiliescanusewhenshoppingatagrocerystore.Themoreunrecognizableingredientsthereare,thelesslikelyitisthattheproductisahealthychoice.

5. Discover Hidden IngredientsCamperslookattheirmysteryfoodanditsnutritionlabelagain.Havecampersraisetheirhandsifcornisaningredientinthefooditem.DistributeandreviewtheUses of CornactivitysheetandHidden Corn Derivatives activitysheet.Afterafewminuteshavecamperssharetheirfindings.How many of the ingredients that you could not recognize actually had corn in them? Are you surprised?Discusswithcampers:Why do processed foods have so many ingredients? What are some of the reasons why we process foods? Writeresponsesontheboard.

Ifcampershavenotalreadyidentifiedthesereasons,explainthatprocessingnotonlyextendstheshelflifeoffoodbutitalsoallowsittotravelfardistancesfromtheirpointoforigintooursupermarketshelves.

Discusswithcampers:How many of the food items do you think are produced in the United States? What are some countries you think weimport foods from?

How long do food items typically sit on a shelf at a grocery store? Is it different for produce as compared to Pop-Tarts?

How long does a fresh ear of corn last? How long does cereal?

6. Close the CaseNowthatcampershaveidentifiedthedifferencesbetweenwhole,semi-processed,andprocessedfoodsanddiscoveredsomeofthehiddeningredientsintheprocessedfoodsystem,discussthefollowingquestionswithcampers:

Pro cedu re Case #2: H idden I ng redients


Case #2: H idden I ng redients Pro cedu re

What are some of the pros and cons of processing food? (Pros:broadenstheamountoffoodsavailableforhumanconsumption,prolongsshelflife.Cons:wedon’talwaysknowwhatweareeating;toomuchprocessingwiththeadditionoffatsandsugarscanmakefoodsunhealthy.)

Is it possible to only eat unprocessed foods? Is it possible to eat only processed foods?

Do you think people should know about what is in their food?(Campersmayreflectonhowtheyfeltlearningaboutsomeoftheingredientstheyneverknewtheywereeating.)

Campershavenowcompletedthecase.Congratulatecampersoncompletingtheirsecondfooddetectivecase.


Cards Case #2: H idden I ng redients

Corn Images

Make2copiesforclass.Projectimagesfromdigitalresourcesdisc.


Case #2: H idden I ng redients Cards

Mystery Food Item Images and Labels

Makeonecopyofeachsheet.Cutimagesout.

INGREDIENTS: WHOLE GRAIN OATS, MARSHMALLOWS (SUGAR, MODIFIED CORN STARCH, CORN SYRUP, DEXTROSE, GELATIN, CALCIUM CARBONATE, YELLOWS 5&6, BLUE 1, RED 40, ARTIFICIAL FLAVOR), SUGAR, OAT FLOUR, CORN SYRUP, CORN STARCH, SALT, TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE, COLOR ADDED, NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FLAVOR, VITAMIN E (MIXED TOCOPHEROLS) ADDED TO PRESERVE FRESHNESS.

VITAMINS AND MINERALS: CALCIUM CARBONATE, ZINC AND IRON (MINERAL NUTRIENTS), VITAMIN C (SODIUM ASCORBATE), A B VITAMIN (NIACINAMIDE), VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE), VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN), VITAMIN B1 (THIAMIN MONONITRATE), VITAMIN A (PALMITATE), A B VITAMIN (FOLIC ACID), VITAMIN B12, VITAMIN D3



Mystery Food Item Images and Labels (continued)

INGREDIENTS: CARBONATED WATER, HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP, CARAMEL COLOR, PHOSPHORIC ACID, NATURAL FLAVORS, CAFFEINE




INGREDIENTS: WHITE BONELESS CHICKEN, WATER, FOOD STARCH-MODIFIED, SALT, SEASONING (AUTOLYZED YEAST EXTRACT, SALT, WHEAT STARCH, NATURAL FLAVORING [BOTANICAL SOURCE], SAFFLOWER OIL, DEXTROSE, CITRIC ACID), SODIUM PHOSPHATES, NATURAL FLAVOR (BOTANICAL SOURCE). BATTERED AND BREADED WITH: WATER, ENRICHED FLOUR (BLEACHED WHEAT FLOUR, NIACIN, REDUCED IRON, THIAMIN MONONITRATE, RIBOFLAVIN, FOLIC ACID), YELLOW CORN FLOUR, BLEACHED WHEAT FLOUR, FOOD STARCH-MODIFIED, SALT, LEAVENING (BAKING SODA, SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SODIUM ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE, MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE, CALCIUM LACTATE), SPICES, WHEAT STARCH, DEXTROSE, CORN STARCH.




INGREDIENTS: DRIED POTATOES, VEGETABLE OIL (CONTAINS ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING: CORN OIL, COTTONSEED OIL, SOYBEAN OIL, AND/OR SUNFLOWER OIL), CORN FLOUR, WHEAT STARCH, MALTODEXTRIN, SALT, RICE FLOUR AND DEXTROSE.




INGREDIENTS: SUGAR, UNBLEACHED ENRICHED FLOUR (WHEAT FLOUR, NIACIN, REDUCED IRON, THIAMINE MONONITRATE {VITAMIN B1}, RIBOFLAVIN {VITAMIN B2}, FOLIC ACID), HIGH OLEIC CANOLA AND/OR PALM AND/OR CANOLA OIL, COCOA (PROCESSED WITH ALKALI), HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP, LEAVENING (BAKING SODA AND/OR CALCIUM PHOSPHATE), CORNSTARCH, SALT, SOY LECITHIN, VANILLIN--AN ARTIFICIAL FLAVOR, CHOCOLATE.




INGREDIENTS: OATS, HONEY, RAISINS, APRICOTS, CINNAMON, GINGER, SALT




INGREDIENTS: APPLES




INGREDIENTS: FLOUR, WATER, YEAST, SALT, BAKING SODA




INGREDIENTS: UNBLEACHED WHITE FLOUR, MOLASSES, BUTTER, SUGAR, EGGS, GINGER, BAKING SODA, SALT.




INGREDIENTS: CHICKEN


Case #2: H idden I ng redients Lesson Resou rce

Hidden Corn

Whenmostpeoplethinkofcorntheyusuallythinkoftheglisteningyellowkernelsoffreshcorn-on-thecob.WouldyoubesurprisedtofindoutthattheaverageAmericaneatsoveratonofcorneachyear?!Youcanguaranteeit’snotatonofcorn-on-thecob.MostofthecornthatweconsumeinAmericaisrefinedandprocessedintoitssmallercomponentsandusedinordertomakehighlyprocessedfoodproductsthatwebuyandeateveryday.Cornissoembeddedinourfoodsystemthatonvirtuallyanyprocessedfooditemyoucanfindatleastone,butoftenmanymore,ingredientsthatarederivedfromcorn.Somesayitis“hidden”inourfood,asmostpeopledon’tevenrealizetheyareeatingproductswithcorninit.Oftencornderivativestaketheformofingredientswecan’tpronounceletaloneidentify.

Overthelastfewdecadeshighfructosecornsyruphasinfiltratedourfoodsystem.In1966theaverageAmericanconsumedroughly14poundsofcornsweetenerayear.Thatnumberhasincreasedmorethanfive-fold.Highfructosecornsyrup,HFCS,isinproductsfromsaladdressingtochewinggum.TheaverageAmericanconsumes80poundsofHFCSayear!

SohowdidcornbecomesocentralintheAmericandiet?Twowords,farmsubsidies.Thetopicoffarmsubsidiesisverycomplex.Withoutgettingtoodetailed,wehopethatcamperswillunderstandafewbasiccontributingfactorsforwhycornisinsomuchofourfood.

Thepriceofcorniskeptverylowbygovernmentpoliciesknownasfarmsubsidies.Between1995and2006,$177.6billionwerepaidinfarmsubsidies.Ofthat,$56billionwenttocornalone.Thelowpriceofcornmeansfarmersdon’tmakeverymuchmoneygrowingit.Inordertomakeenoughmoneytosurvive,theymustgrowalotofcorn;millionsofacresofcorn.Ifthepriceofcorndrops,manyfarmersareleftwiththechoiceofgrowingevenmorecorn,orgoingoutofbusiness.Thelowpriceofcornandtheenormousquantitiesofitmeanthatthereisalotofcheapcornthattheindustrialfoodchaincanuse.Thischeapcornisaddedtoproductsthroughoutthesystemincludingthefoodwefeedtoanimals.Thus,whenyoueatanimalsfromtheindustrialfoodsystemyouarealsoeatingcorn.Thelowcostofcornhelpsexplainwhyprocessedfoodslikesoda(madeof100%corn)andchickennuggets(56%corn)aresocheap.However,thepriceconsumersseeandultimatelypaydoesnotincludetheenvironmentalcostsofexcessfertilizersandpesticidesusedtogrowsomuchcorn.Thegrocerystorepricedoesnotaccountforthecostoffossilfuelsneededtoproduce,harvest,process,package,anddistributeallthatcorn.


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Hidden Co rn Der i vat ivesAceticacid

Alcohol

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Artificialflavorings

Artificialsweeteners

Ascorbates

Ascorbicacid

Aspartame(Artificialsweetener)

Astaxanthin

Bakingpowder

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Blendedsugar(sugaridextrose)

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Calciumfumarate

Calciumgluconate

Calciumlactate

Calciummagnesiumacetate(CMA)

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Calciumstearoyllactylate

Caramelandcaramelcolor

Carbonmethylcellulosesodium

Cellulosemicrocrystalline

Cellulose,methyl

Cellulose,powdered

Cetearylglucoside

Cholinechloride

Citricacid

Citruscloudemulsion(CCS)

Cocoglycerides(cocoglycerides)

Confectionerssugar

Cornalcohol,corngluten

Cornextract

Cornflour

Cornoil,cornoilmargarine

Cornstarch

Cornsweetener,cornsugar

Cornsyrup,cornsyrupsolids

Corn,popcorn,cornmeal

Cornstarch,cornflour

Crosscarmellosesodium

Crystallinedextrose

Crystallinefructose

Cyclodextrin

DATUM(adoughconditioner)

Decylglucoside

Decylpolyglucose

Dextrin

Dextrose

Dextroseanything(suchasmonohydrateoranhydrous)

d-Gluconicacid

Distilledwhitevinegar

Dryingagent

Erythorbicacid

Erythritol

Ethanol

Ethocel20

Ethylcellulose

Ethylene

Ethylacetate

Ethylalcohol

Ethyllactate

Ethylmaltol

Fibersol-2

Flavorings*

Foodstarch

Fructose

Fruitjuiceconcentrate*

Fumaricacid

Germ/germmeal

Gluconate

Gluconicacid

Gluconodelta-lactone

Gluconolactone



H idden Co rn Der i vat ives (c o nt i nued)Glucosamine

Glucose

Glucosesyrup

Glutamate

Gluten

Glutenfeed/meal

Glycerides

Glycerin

Glycerol

Goldensyrup

Grits

Highfructosecornsyrup

Hominy

Honey

Hydrolyzedcorn

Hydrolyzedcornprotein

Hydrolyzedvegetableprotein

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulosepthalate(HPMCP)

Inositol

Invertsyruporsugar

Iodizedsalt

Lactate

Lacticacid

Laurylglucoside

Lecithin

Linoleicacid

Lysine

Magnesiumcitrate

Magnesiumfumarate

Magnesiumstearate

Maize

Malicacid

Malonicacid

Maltsyrupfromcorn

Malt,maltextract

Maltitol

Maltodextrin

Maltol

Maltose

Mannitol

Methylgluceth

Methylglucose

Methylglucoside

Methylcellulose

Microcrystalinecellulose

Modifiedcellulosegum

Modifiedcornstarch

Modifiedfoodstarch

Molasses(cornsyrupmaybepresent)

Mono-anddi-glycerides

Monosodiumglutamate

MSG

Naturalflavorings

Olestra/Olean

Polenta

Polydextrose

Polylacticacid(PLA)

Polysorbates(e.g.Polysorbate80)

Polyvinylacetate

Potassiumcitrate

Potassiumfumarate

Potassiumgluconate

Powderedsugar

Pregelatinizedstarch

Propionicacid

Propyleneglycol

Propyleneglycolmonostearate

Saccharin

Salt(iodizedsalt)

Semolina(unlessfromwheat)

Simethicone

Sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose

Sodiumcitrate



H idden Co rn Der i vat ives (c o nt i nued)Sodiumerythorbate

Sodiumfumarate

Sodiumlactate

Sodiumstarchglycolate

Sodiumstearoylfumarate

Sorbate

Sorbicacid

Sorbitan(anything)

Sorbitol

Sorghum*(notallisbad;thesyrupand/orgrainCANbemixedwithcorn)

Splenda(Artificialsweetener)

Starch(anykindthat’snotspecified)

Stearicacid

Stearoyls

Sucralose(Artificialsweetener)

Sucrose

Sugar(notidentifiedascaneorbeet)

Threonine

Tocopherol(vitaminE)

Treacle(akagoldensyrup)

Triethylcitrate

Unmodifiedstarch

Vanilla,naturalflavoring

Vanilla,pureorextract

Vanillin

Vegetableanythingthat’snotspecific

Vinegar,distilledwhite

Vinylacetate

VitaminC*andVitaminE

Vitamins

Xanthangum

Xylitol

Yeast

Zeamays

Zein


Teacher Note Case #2: H idden I ng redients

Whole versus Processed Foods

OneofthegoalsofFood Chemistryistoinspirecamperstoeatmorewholefoodsandlessprocessedfoods.Wedefinewholefoodsasunprocessedfoodsthatcomefromplantsandanimals:fruits,vegetables,wholegrains,milk,legumes,leanmeats,poultry,andfish.Processedfoodsarethosethathaveaddedsugar,fat,salt,preservatives,colorings,andadditives.Obesityratesareincreasingthroughoutthenationdueinparttoincreasedconsumptionofprocessedfoods.Dietshighinprocessedfoodsputconsumersatanincreasedriskfordevelopinghighbloodpressure,highcholesterol,diabetes,heartdisease,andevensomeformsofcancer.

“Eatingreal”meanseatingwholefoodsthathaven’tbeenhighlyprocessedthuseliminatingthestrainprocessingputsontheenvironmentandourbodies.Sometimessomeprocessingisbeneficialsuchasgrindingcorntomakecornmealordehydratinggrapestomakeraisins.Wealsoprocessfoodswhenwecookthemandseasonthem.Processingfoodallowsustodiversifyourfoodchoicesandenjoyawiderangeoffoodspreparedinavarietyofways.

However,toomanyofthefoodsavailableinourgrocerystoresandcornermarketsareoverlyprocessedindangerousways.Thesefoodshavebeensoprocessedthattheyaresometimesunrecognizablefromtheiroriginalplantand/oranimalform.Otherprocessedfoodshaveingredientlistsaparagraphlongincludingallsortsofunpronounceablepreservatives,fillers,andadditives.Infact,processedfoodsarespecificallyengineeredtobeirresistibleandcontainexcessiveamountsofsugar,fat,andsalt.Weencourageyoutospeakwithcampersthroughouttheweekaboutthefoodstheychoosetoeatathome,atschool,andwhilesnacking.Manyofuseatoverlyprocessedfoodswithoutasecondthought.Ourhopeisthatbyintroducingcamperstotheideaof“eatingreal”theywillstarttothinkmoreaboutwhattheychoosetoeatandadapthealthiereatinghabits.

hidden ingredients · fruits, vegetables, milk, whole grains, legumes, lean meats, poultry, and...

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