high altitude aeronautical .ppt

8/18/2019 High Altitude Aeronautical .ppt

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High AltitudeAeronautical Platform

Station

HAAPS


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OverviewWhat is HAAPS ?

Need for HAAPS ?

How HAAPS work ?

Different Applications

Advantages of HAAPS


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What is HAAPS ?High Altitude Aeronautical Platform Stations (HAAPS is thename of a technolog! for providing wireless narrow"and and"road"and telecommunication services as well as "roadcastingservices with either airships or aircrafts#

$he HAAPS are operating at altitudes "etween %& to '' km# AHAAPS shall "e a"le to cover a service area of up to %))) km

diameter* depending on the minimum elevation angle accepted fromthe users location# $he platforms ma! "e airplanes or airships (essentiall! "alloons

and ma! "e manned or un+manned with autonomous operationcoupled with remote control from the ground#


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Wh! HAAPS ?

,t com"ines most of the advantages of satellite and terrestrials!stems while avoiding man! of the pitfalls#

$hese are* generall!* solar+powered* unmanned* remote+operatedand electric motor propelled aerial platforms held in a -uasi .stationar! position* at altitudes "etween the %& . '' /m range a"ovethe earth0s surface (stratospheric la!er of the atmosphere#


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1ain 2oalProvision of the "andwidth that can support services likemultimedia applications (telephon!* $3* video+on+demand* high+speed internet* etc

A"ilit! to operate in a high fre-uenc! "and on the radio spectrum

so as to avoid congestion and to provide the much+needed"andwidth#

Provision of increased capacit!* over and a"ove what alread!o"tains* particularl! for terrestrial telecommunication networks*either "! supporting more users4cell without degrading

performance or "! providing greater "andwidth#


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ArchitectureA t!pical HAAP+"ased communications s!stems structure is shown #

The platform is positioned above thecoverage area.There are basically two types of HAAPS.Lighter-than air HAAPS are kept stationary,while airplane-based HAAPS are flown in atight circle.

or broadcast applications, a simpleantenna beams signals to terminals on thegro!nd. or individ!ali"ed comm!nication, s!ch astelephony, #cells# are created on the gro!ndby some beam forming techni$!e in order tore!se channels for spatially separated !sers,as is done in cell!lar service.%eam forming can be as sophisticated as

the !se of phased-array antennas . &n the case of a moving HAAP it wo!ldalso be necessary to compensate motion byelectronic or mechanical means in order tokeep the cells stationary or to #hand off#connections between cells as is done incell!lar telephony.


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On"oard 5-uipmentAir"orne platform pa!load e-uipment in a 6D1A s!stem#

The fig!re shows a code-division m!ltipleaccess '()*A+ system b!ilt aro!nd astandard satellite-like transponder bandwidthof *H".The transponder bandwidth canaccommodate !pto antenna beams with

spread spectr!m carriers/beam'ass!ming 0.1*H" bandwidth+. (arrier signals coming froma gro!nd cell'ie., from a partic!lar beam+andreceived by the onboard antenna are firstamplified in low-noise amplifiers'L2As+.They are then limited to the standard0*H" bandwidth by band-pass filters'%Ps+,and fre$!ency division m!litple3ed.%efore transmitting to the gro!nd station,m!ltiple3ed signals are amplified in the high-power amplifier'HPA+,%Ped to the transponder bandwidth andpassed thro!gh the diple3er ')+. Signal pathin the opposite direction is similar andincl!des an additional dem!litple3ing stage.


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27O8ND ,NS$A99A$,ONS2round e-uipment in a HAAP+"ased 6D1A s!stem#

The gro!nd system in fig!re correspondsto the onboard e$!ipment from theprevio!s fig!re.

(arrier signals coming from the air-borne station are filtered by a %P,

amplified in L2As, dem!ltiple3ed in thedem!3 and passed to the ()*A basestations.

rom the base stations, the signals arepassed in the !s!al manner to the mobileswitching center *S( and p!blic switchedtelephone network 'PST2+.

The ret!rn signal path towards theairborne station is similar e3cept for theinverse m!ltiple3ing operation in the *45and high power amplification by HPA.


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Power S!stem : 1ission

7e-uirements $he aircraft power s!stem consists of photovoltaic cells and a regenerativefuel cell# for the power s!stem* the greatest "enefit can "e gained "!increasing the fuel cell specific energ!#One method of suppl!ing power for this t!pe of aircraft is to use solarphotovoltaic (P3 cells coupled with a regenerative fuel cell# $he mainadvantages to this method over open c!cle com"ustion engines or air"reathing fuel cells is that it eliminates the need to carr! fuel and toe;tract and compress air at altitude#Solar powered aircraft should "e capa"le of continuous flight* enoughenerg! must "e collected and stored at da! to "oth power the aircraft andto ena"le the aircraft to fl! throughout the night#$he propulsion s!stem consists of an electric motor* gear "o; andpropeller#As the efficienc! increases* the corresponding reduction in aircraft si


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Aerial Platforms

Solar+powered unmanned aircraft> $hese t!pes of aerial vehiclesare also known as High Altitude 9ong 5ndurance platforms (HA95Platforms and the! make use of 5lectric motors and propellers aspropulsion while during the da!* the! get power suppl! from solar

cells mounted on their wings and sta"ili


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$ransmission and 6oding

techni-ues for HAPS$he main goal is to develop a range of modulation4coding schemes*suita"le to serve the "road"and telecommunication services applica"leunder different attenuation conditions#

$hese will have to var! from low rate schemes involving powerful=orward 5rror 6orrection (=56 coding when attenuation is severe* up tohigh rate multilevel modulation schemes when channel conditions are good#

A ver! good and accepta"le approach is the use of adaptive coding andmodulation "ased on channel conditions schemes#

$hree modulation schemes were e;amined for low* medium and high datarate applications> 21S/* %+@A1 and rounded +@A1 respectivel!


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3arious HAAPS proBects

HAPS have "een proposed using "oth airship technolog! and highaltitude aircraft#

0. Airship technology

i. Sky Stationii. SratSatiii. Stratospheric Platform System from 6apaniv. A7( System

0. Aircraft technology

i. Halo-Prote!sii. Skytoweriii. Heliplat

2ow we will disc!ss above technology in detail8888888888


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Sk!Station

Airship technology

Sk! Station is the name of an airships!stem planned "! the 8/ compan! CSk!Station ,nternational#

$he num"er of platforms will depend onthe demand ('E) platforms areannounced# $he "alloons will "e covered

with solar cells* giving energ! to theelectrical motors#

$he data rates foreseen for the fi;edservices are ' 1"ps for the uplink and %)1"ps for the downlink#$he data rates foreseen for the mo"ileservices are F# + % k"ps for voice andG k"ps for data#

$he cost of the entire proBect for aworldwide "road"and infrastructure isestimated at I'#E "illion#

,nitiall!* Sk! Station intended to use ionengines for the steering of the platforms#


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StratSat

Airship technology

StratSat is an airship s!stem planned "!the 8/ "ased compan! CAdvanced$echnolog! 2roup(A$2# With "othcivilian and militar! applications#$he airship in the stratosphere is wella"ove conventional air traffic and presents

no threat# ,ts cheap launch costs*compared to the conventional satellites#$he solar arra! provides the sole sourceof renewa"le energ! for the airship# $hearra! is placed over the upper -uarter ofthe hull and e;tends over appro;imatel!three+-uarters of the length of the craft#$he arra! can "e realigned according tosun location4angle #

$he airship is propelled and steered "!means of a 6ontra+7otating 6oned 7otormounted on a tailcone at the rear of theenvelope* as part of a compound propulsions!stem# $his unit provides longitudinalthrust (to counter the prevailingstratospheric winds and lateral force (formaneuvering to ena"le the airship to holdstation within a % km cu"e#


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Stratospheric Platform

S!stem from Japan

Airship technology

$he Wireless ,nnovation S!stems 2roupof the :okos!ka 7adio (omm!nications7esearch (enter in 6apan .$he airship has a semi-rigid h!ll ofellipsoidal shape with an overall length ofnearl! ')) m# ,t is composed of an air+

pressuri


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A76 S!stem

Airship technology

$he Air"orne 7ela! 6ommunications(A76 S!stem is the name of an airshipplatform planned "! the 8S 6ompan!Platforms Wireless ,nternational#$he A76 s!stem is designed to operateat lower altitudes* G to %)#E km# originall!

known as CAerostats* these airships weredesigned as air"orne defense platformsfor low+level radar use#,nspired "! the dirigi"les that monitorthe "order "etween the 8S and 1e;ico*Platforms Wireless ,nternationaldevelops a s!stem which shall providefi;ed+wireless "road"and as well as mo"ileservices to areas of EE to ''E kmdiameter per s!stem and servicing up to%E))))) su"scri"ers (depending ons!stem configuration and antennaproBection power#


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Halo+Proteus

Aircraft technology


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Sk! $ower

Aircraft technology

Sky Tower’s stratospheric

communications networks are comprised

of airborne segments (or payloads) which

communicate with user terminals and

gateway stations on the ground.

The ground gateway stations will serve

as an intermediate interface between the

aircraft and existing Internet and ST!

connecting systems


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Heliplat

Aircraft technology

The "eliplat ("elios latforms) is an

unmanned platform with solar cell

propulsion# which will be operated in the

stratosphere.

It will enable a payload of about $%%

kg# and offers an available power of

some hundreds watt.


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Advantages

Airship technology

HAPS do not re-uire an! launch vehicle* the! can move under their own power throughout theworld or remain stationar!* and the! can "e "rought down to earth* refur"ished and re+deplo!ed#

Once a platform is in position* it can immediatel! "egin delivering service to its service areawithout the need to deplo! a glo"al infrastructure or constellation of platforms to operate#

$he relativel! low altitudes ena"le the HAPS s!stems to provide a higher fre-uenc! reuse and thushigher capacit! than satellite s!stems#

$he low launching costs and the possi"ilit! to repair the platforms gatewa! could lead to cheapwireless infrastructures per su"scri"er#

5ach platform can "e retrieved* updated* and re launched without service interruption#

$he! are powered "! solar technolog! and non+polluting fuel cells#

$he relativel! low altitudes + compared to satellite s!stems + provide su"scri"ers with short pathsthrough the atmosphere and uno"structed line+of+sight to the platform#


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HAAPS ,ssues

It is still not proven that planes can fly at stratospheric altitudes for long stretches

of time# that dirigibles can be stationed at stratospheric altitude# and that the

position of weather balloons can be controlled

&nother critical issue is the presence of winds in the stratosphere. The average

minimum stratospheric wind velocity is '%%m*s and occurs between +, %%% and

-, %%%ft depending on latitude. ven though "&&s are designed to withstand

these winds it may not be able to withstand sudden wind gusts resulting in

temporary or total loss of communication


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Applications

HAAP technolog! might "e a"le to achieve man! of the "enefits of the 25O+"ased Direct Lroadcast Satellite without having to transmit -uite sohomogeneousl! over so large an area# 8nlike 25O+"ased technolog!* upstreamchannels are also possi"le in HAAPs which would ena"le interactive $3 and

,nternet access capa"ilities#

The other type of application in which a "&&/s large coverage area ought to be

advantageous is in telecommunications for areas having a low density of

customers# especially when prospective customer/s specific geographic locations

are unknown.

& "&& system with a coverage area with a look angle of $, degree will give a

line of sight communication. Thus the higher fre0uencies such as 123S# '45"6#

-5"6 and so on can be utili6ed for very wide band internet access# entertainment

video and audio and videoconferencing.


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Applications

Stratospheric radio+rela! maritime communications s!stem>+$he HAAPs concept can solve this pro"lem for man! large world ocean shippinglanes# 6hains of HAAPs positioned a"ove these lanes would operate asstratospheric radio+rela! links* terminated "! coastal radio centers at each

end of the transoceanic link#

6ell scanning eliminates comple; air"orne antennas and saves power "!focusing on smaller areas> +$he HAAP takes advantage of the Msmart antennaM s!stems# 6ompared to theterrestrial s!stem in which sectori


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Summar! : 6onclusionThis disc!ssion has arg!ed that high altit!de aerona!tical platforms (HAAPs would "e ofconsidera"le interest#

$heir position in the sk! would give them man! of the favora"le characteristics of satellites*"ut without the distance penalt!#

$heir position in the sk! would also let them avoid the radio ground scatter of terrestriall!

"ased s!stems* while still "eing a"out as close* especiall! in terms of path loss* as terrestrialantennas# $hus* indoor coverage should not "e a pro"lem#

Since the! collect traffic into a single point on the ground* HAAPs would reduce the amountand geographic e;tent of ground+"ased e-uipment vs# their terrestrial counterparts# HAAP+"ased s!stems would generall! "e more accessi"le for repairs and upgrades than satellites $he vantage point of HAAPs and the centrali

high altitude aeronautical .ppt

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