high contrast imaging with focal plane wavefront sensing and piaa for subaru telescopes olivier...
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High Contrast Imaging with FocalPlane Wavefront Sensing and PIAA for Subaru Telescopes
Olivier Guyon ([email protected])Basile Gallet ([email protected])Eugene Pluzhnik ([email protected])Hideki Takami ([email protected])Shinichiro TakanaSubaru Telescope / National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Motohide TamuraLyu AbeNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Subaru AO team & HiCIAO team
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Introduction / Outline
Goal: high contrast at low inner working angle (IWA)
Half the IWA = 8x more accessible planets0.1'' – 0.2'' has 7x more planets than >0.2''lots of science possible with ~1k actuators
Reflected light from closeby planets is strongerat ~0.1''-0.2'', 1e8 contrast for some RV planets
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High-contrast AO at Subaru Telescope
AO188188 elementscurvature system(first light: end 2006)
HiCIAOdifferentialimagingnear-IR camera(2007)
''Tweeter'' + low IWAcoronagraph
Nasmyth focusflexible & friendlyenvironment
PIAA
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PIAA / APLC Hybrid coronagraph
Angular separation
Use
ful
Th
rou
gh
pu
t
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Why focal plane wavefront sensing ?''What you see is exactly what you want to remove''
Main sources of wavefront errors :- Photon noise- Time lag- Fitting errors
# of elementsAliasing
- Non-common path errorsoptical components (static)actuator vs. WFS registration (static & dynamic)
- scintillation- wavefront chromaticity
refraction index of air (OPD chromaticity)Fresnel propagation (OPD and ampl. Chromaticity)chromatic shear of wavefront
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''fundamental'' contrast limitations of AO with vis. WFS & near-IR imaging
8m telesc.V WFSH imaging
(Guyon, 2005)
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Wavefront sensors ''efficiencies'' (Guyon 2005)
Square root of # of photons required to reachfixed sensingaccuracy
plotted here forphase aberrationsonly.
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''Dark Hole'' DM control
If wavefront is known,DM can be controlledto ''perfectly'' cancel speckles
JPL High contrastimaging testbed
Malbet, Yu & Shao (1995)Guyon (2005)Give'on (2003-2006)Borde & Traub (2006)
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Fast(er) algorithm using linear approximations – few mson single CPU, code not optimized for speed
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PIAA coronagraph development at Subaruco-funded by JPL and Subaru/NAOJ
Utilizes lossless beam apodization with aspheric optics(mirrors or lenses) to concentrate starlight is single diffractionpeak (no Airy rings).
- high contrast- Nearly 100% throughput- IWA < 2 l/d- 100% search area- no loss in angular resol.- can remove central obsc.and spiders- achromatic (with mirrors)
For Subaru, Lyot Coronagraph with PIAA- apodized inputpupil. IWA ~ 1 lambda/d
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Early demonstration in lab
(Galicher et al. 2005)
Lenses made byMasashi Otsubo (ATC, NAOJ)
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PIAA mirror units (Axsys)JPL-funded TPF-C technology development
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32x32 MEMs DM is used for FPAO test in lab with PIAA coronagraph
One of 14 boardsto drive the MEMsDM.80 channels/board
16 bit resolutionslow & fast interface(> kHz update)
S. ColleyAO electronic eng.Subaru Telescope
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Closed loop WFC
Without prior knowledge,3 frames sufficient forWF measurement
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Low Order Wavefront Sensor (LOWFS)
LOWFS performance
Small (<<lambda) wavefront error produces large flux changesin the LOWFS images