high current ion acceleration u.ratzinger -...
TRANSCRIPT
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 1
High Current Ion Acceleration
430. WE-HERAEUS-SEMINAR“Accelerators and Detectors at the Technology Frontier”
Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, April 27’th, 2009
U.Ratzinger
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 2
Outline
1. Activities at Goethe University Frankfurt,Institute of Applied Physics
2. E - field limits in the low β-rangea) Superconducting structuresb) Room temperature structures
3. Code development for high current beams
4. High current projectsa) Ion source optionsb) FRANZc) Proton Linac for FAIRd) UNILAC Upgrade for FAIRe) FAIR Facilityf) RF acceleration of p from laser source
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 3
• New Physics Faculty building in Frankfurt-Riedberg with 1100 m2
Experimental Hall.- First occupancy in March 2005.- Experiments in accelerator, atomic, nuclear and plasma physics.
• FRANZ (Frankfurt Neutron Source at the Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum) is the first lighthouse project within the Stern-Gerlach-Center.
Frankfurt Physics Faculty
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 4
Accelerator physics
U. RatzingerA. SchemppN. N.N. N.
Plasma physics(in house plasmas and ion beam driven
experiments at GSI, FAIR)
J. JacobyN. N.
Astrophysics(detector development,
Exp. at FAIR, FRANZ)
N. N.
Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) Structure
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 5
IAP Structure
r process
fusion up to iron
p process
rp process
number of neutrons
num
ber
of p
roto
ns
s process
r process
fusion up to iron
p process
rp process
number of neutrons
num
ber
of p
roto
ns
s process
• Investigation of stellar r - and s - processes at FRANZ and FAIR.
• Investigations relevant to states of matter within planets.
• Acceleration and accumulation of high current ion beams.
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 6
Cosmic Particle Acceleration
γ-Astronomy gives evidence for several 100 TeV particle energies !
High Energy Stereoscopic System H.E.S.S., Namibia
γ-quants originate from particle-particle interactions close to the source of high energy protons(Cosmic Accelerator).
Identification of 3 source types:
- γ‘s from shock wave, originating from a former supernova explosion.
- γ‘s from pulsars within a former supernova explosion (e- e+ - generation and acceleration within shockwaves and rotating magnetic dipole field).
- γ‘s from our galactic centre (super massive black hole).C. v. Eldik, W. Hofmann, Physik Journal Jan. 2008
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 7
Linac Development
Aiming for high voltage gains per meter
Fowler-Nordheim eq. for rf-operation:
;/)/1(/)/(ln( 5.2 βkEdEId F −=
field emission current;=FI electric field;=Ematerial dependent;)(Φ= fk
field enhancement factor;=β
for ideal surfaces
;EEF ⋅= β
surfEE =
Typical β-range: 100 - 1000
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 8
Linac Development
Aiming for high voltage gains per meter
Kilpatrick criterion for the limiting electric field E = V/g, gap width g
;64.15.8
2 EeEf−
⋅= MHzfmMVE /;//
14030250
12022001
10015063
809438
402122
20429
1070
57.5
E / MV/mf / MHz
GSI-HSI, 36 MHztoo pessimistic
DESY-Tesla, 1.3 GHzSLAC
too optimisticCERN CLIC-TF
Fit to experiments
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 9
S.C. Electron Linac Development
Examples: XFEL, s.c. elliptical cavities
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 10
S.C. Electron Linac Development
Aiming for high voltage gains per meter
Accelerating gradient / MV/m
Achieved Q/E curves for Tesla cavities at DESY, D.Reschke et al.
At ~ 50 MV/m the magnetic field limit of Nb (~ 200 mT) is reached for the TESLA type cavity.
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 11
Ion Linac DevelopmentComparison with actually applied and / or prototyped
s.c. low energy structures
Legnaro-type QWR
Argonne-type QWR and HWR(with field asymmetry compensation)
Jülich, 3-Spoke, f = 760 MHz, β = 0.2
ANL, 3-Spoke, f = 345 MHz, β = 0.5
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 12
Ion Linac Development
S.C. low energy structure development at IAP Frankfurt
Cylindrical girder inserts :
• Easy e-beam welding.• Large frequency range.• Suited for tuning the gap voltage distribution.
β2006 = 350β2007 = 200
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 13
Superconducting CH Cavity Development
Incoupled (yellow), reflected (blue) andoutcoupled (pink) rf signal; 100 ms per div.
Quality factor against effective field gradient.
Status of measurements at IAP Frankfurt.
GSI Collaborations with Universities
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 14
Ion Linac Development
• Expertise of IAP in linac design and construction.
r.t. IH-DTLW < 30 MeV30-250 MHz
r.t. CH-DTLW < 150 MeV150-700 MHz
s.c. CH-DTLW < 150 MeV150-700 MHz
copper plated steel bulk niobium
• IAP contributions to: GSI injectors, CERN Linac 3, Medical Injector Linacs
• Actual involvement in the development of a novel Proton Injector for GSI.
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 15
H-type DTL’s
Tloss
gain
seff lP
VZ
⋅=⋅
2
2cos φ
Shunt Impedances
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 16
Ion Linac Development
CERN Linac 3, 33 MV, 1% duty cycle
101 / 202 MHz combination, in operation since 1994.
IH-Tank 2
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 17
Ion Linac Development
High power tests on CERN Linac 3, IH-Tank 2
Surface fields up to 54 MV/m, eff. acceleration up to 10.7 MV/m
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 18
Beam Dynamics Code Development
Main issues and perspectives
1. Available elements
- rf gaps and cavities- radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ)- magnetic lenses (quadrupole, solenoid)- bending magnets
2. Field modeling
- hard edge models- analytic, approximate representations- field maps for rf gaps or magn. focusing elements
from numeric solvers
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 19
3. Space charge solver
- Direct particle-particle (PP) interaction- 2 D r-z (for radial symmetric distributions only)- 3 D PIC Poisson spectral solver with open or closed boundary conditions
Beam Dynamics Code Development
Main issues and perspectives (continued)
x
y
z
ρ
0xL
zL
yL
x∆ j
z∆ly∆
k
Ω
x
y
z
ρ
Ω
lk
jr,
,
G
∞→=∂=Ω∂=
Rat
Gon
on
0
0
0
ϕϕϕ
possible cases:
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 20
4. Parallel processing
5. Number of simulation particles
- Up to 106 on scalar codes,mainly limited by efficiency of space charge calculation
- Up to 108 on high level parallel codes
6. Machine error simulation tools
- misalignment of focusing elements- rf tuning errors (single gaps or whole cavities)- ……
Beam Dynamics Code Development
Main issues and perspectives (continued)
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 21
Beam Dynamics Code Development
Code examples
openclosed
3D PIC FFTnoUnixIMPACT [iii]
closed3D PIC FFTapartUnixHALODYN [ii]
openPPnoWindows
UnixDYNAMION [i]
BoundarySpace charge
solverGUIPlatformCode name
[i] A. Kolomiets, V. Pershin, I. Vorobyov, S. Yaramishev, J. Klabunde,„DYNAMION – The Code for Beam Dynamics Simulations in High Current Ion Linac“Proc. of the 1998 EPAC Conf., Stockholm, p. 1201-1203.
[ii] A. Franchi, M. Comunian, A. Pisent, G. Turchetti, S. Rambaldi, A. Bazzani,„HALODYN: A 3D Poisson-Vlasov Code to Simulate the Space Charge Effects in the High Intensity TRASCO Linac“Proc. of the 2002 LINAC Conf., Gyeongju, p. 653-655.
[iii] J. Qiang, R. D. Ryne, S. Habib, V. Decykz,„An Object-Oriented Parallel Particle-in-Cell Code for Beam Dynamics Simulation in Linear Accelerators“J. Comput. Phys. 163, p. 434–451 (2000).
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 22
Beam Dynamics Code Development
Code examples (continued)
openPP;
2D R-Z („SCHEFF“)yesWindowsPATH
open3D PIC („PICNIC“);2D R-Z („SCHEFF“)
apartWindowsPARTRAN [iii]
open3D PIC („PICNIC“);2D R-Z („SCHEFF“)
apartWindowsPARMILA [ii]
closed3D PIC FFTyesWindows
UnixLORASR [i]
BoundarySpace charge solverGUIPlatformCode name
[i] R. Tiede, G. Clemente, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Sauer, S. Minaev„LORASR Code Development“Proc. of the 2006 EPAC Conf., Edinburgh, p. 2194-2196.
[ii] H. Takeda,„Parmila“Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, LA-UR-98-4478 (2005).
[iii] R. Duperrier, N. Pichoff, D. Uriot,„CEA Saclay Codes Review for High Intensities Linacs Computations“Proc. of the 2002 International Conference on Computational Science ICCS, Amsterdam, p. 411-418.
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 23
Beam Dynamics Code Development
Flow chart for linac design
effective gap voltage values
drift tube array with transverse focusing
space charge action
check of field levels
drift tube structures and focusing elements
technical design
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 24
Linac Development
RF amplifier power limits
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 25
Ion Source Options
10 4 10 6 10 8 10 10 10 12 10 14
10 2
1
10
10 3
10 4
10 5
neτc /cm-3·s
Ee
/eV
SINGLY CHARGED IONS
HIGH CURRENT
MULTIPLY CHARGED IONS
MEDIUM CURRENT
HIGHLY CHARGED IONS
LOW CURRENT
Types :
ECRLASEREBIS
PENNINGLASER
MEVVACHORDIS
10 4 10 6 10 8 10 10 10 12 10 14
10 2
1
10
10 3
10 4
10 5
neτc /cm-3·s
Ee
/eV
SINGLY CHARGED IONS
HIGH CURRENT
MULTIPLY CHARGED IONS
MEDIUM CURRENT
HIGHLY CHARGED IONS
LOW CURRENT
Types :
ECRLASEREBIS
PENNINGLASER
MEVVACHORDIS
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 26
ECR Sources
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
1
10
100
1000 28 GHz SC-ECRIS (extrapolated) 28 GHz SERSE 18 GHz SERSE 18 GHz RT-ECRIS 14 GHz GSI-CAPRICE II
inte
nsity
(eµ
A)
Xe charge state
Ion Source Options
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 27
GSI-CAPRICE ECR Ion Source
7070Zn10+
5058Fe9+
4050Cr8+
8026Mg5+
Intensity
(eµA)Ion Species
7070Zn10+
5058Fe9+
4050Cr8+
8026Mg5+
Intensity
(eµA)Ion Species
Technical standard of 1990and status quo until now at GSI
Continuously improved oventechnology
M8
ЈЈ
Ј
14.5 GHzMICROWAVEIRON YOKE
IRON
PLASMA CHAMBER
ID 66 x 160 mm
IRONPUMP
HV BREAK
WINDOW
INSULATOR
HEXAPOLE
100 mm
OVEN
Ion Source Options
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 28
ECR Sources
The GyroSerse Project
Sectional View
Magnetic System
2150 mmL cryostat
1000 mmφ cryostat
700 mmL chamber
180 mmφ chamber
3.5 TB2(extraction)
4.5 TB1 (injection)
3 TBradial
10 kWMax. RF power
28-37 GHzFrequency
2150 mmL cryostat
1000 mmφ cryostat
700 mmL chamber
180 mmφ chamber
3.5 TB2(extraction)
4.5 TB1 (injection)
3 TBradial
10 kWMax. RF power
28-37 GHzFrequency
S. Gammino, private communication
Ion Source Options
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 29
Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc source MEVVA
Ion Source Options
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 30
Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc source MEVVA
Extracted beam current: 100 mA
Flat top: about 200 µs
Ion Source Options
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 31
Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc source MEVVA
Ion Source Options
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 32
Multi Cusp Ion Source MUCIS
Extracted beam current: 30 mA, Ar1+
Pulse length (HSI operation): 1 ms
Ion Source Options
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 33
W = 120 keV P = 2.4 x 10 W
b
b
4
Chopper f = 250 kHz
Steerer
Beam DumpDetector Development
high n - flux (dc)7Li Target
BunchCompressor
W = 1.87 - 2.1 MeVb
P = 2.1 x 10 Wb,max
4
DipoleMagnet
IH
W = 0.7 MeVb
P = 7 x 10 Wb,max
3
Chopper t = 50-100ns
f = 250kHz∆
Volume TypeIon Source
150 kVTerminal
Rebuncher
7Li Target
FRANZ Key Parameters
FRANZ Overview
• Extracted source current : 200 mA dc
• Pulsed beam target : 107 n / cm2s at l=0.8 m
• ‘Straight’ beam target : 108 n / cm2s
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 34
FRANZ Design and ConstructionIH-DTL acceleration with rebuncher for final energy adjustment
Resulting normalizedrms-emittance areas:
εx,rms = εy,rms = 1.4 mm mradεz,rms = 8 keV ns
RFQ IH tank RebuncherQuadrupole lens
10
-20
-10
0
20
0 0.2 Z, m0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Xm , ymmm
10
-20
-10
0
20
0 0.2 Z, m0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
10
-20
-10
0
20
0 0.2 Z, m0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Xm , ymmm
30
-60
-30
0
60
0 0.2 Z, m0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
∆Φm ,deg
30
-60
-30
0
60
0 0.2 Z, m0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
30
-60
-30
0
60
0 0.2 Z, m0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
∆Φm ,deg
95% Transverse Envelopes95% Transverse Envelopes
95% Longitudinal Envelope95% Longitudinal Envelope
I = 150 mA
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 35
FRANZ Design and ConstructionPulse structure
(LEBT)
At the targetafter bunch compressor: 1 ns, 4⋅1010 protons
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 36
FRANZ Design and ConstructionPulse structure, bunch compressor
Dipolmagnete
TargetmagnetischerChopper
Mobley-type scheme extended for high space charge load, will include rebunching in the symmetry plane.
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 37
FAIR Proton Linac
Parameter list and DTL layout
0.2Duty Factor [%]
4.2Norm. Transv. emittance [µm]
17Norm. Long. emittance [keV ns]
325.244Frequency [MHz]
4Repetition Rate [Hz]
36Beam Pulse Length [µs]
7.8Protons per Pulse [1012]
35 (70 design)Peak Current [mA]
70Output Energy [MeV]
30Length [m]
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 38
FAIR Proton Linac
Parameter list and layout of prototype cavity 2
3000Total Length [mm]
20Aperture [mm]
0.3Coupling Constant [%]
6.4 - 5.8Average E0T [MV/m]
60Effective Shunt Impedance [MΩ/m]
15300Q0-Value
1.35Heat Loss [MW]
882.6beam loading [kW]
11.7-24.3Energy range [MeV]
27 (13+14)No. of gaps
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 39
FAIR Proton Linac
Inter tank section with quadrupole lens
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 40
UNILAC Upgrade for FAIR
Present status: HSI and HLI into Alvarez section
High Duty Cycle RF-Operation of the GSI- High Charge State Injector (HLI) and the Alvarez-accelerator
Alvarez
Rebuncher
Presently:
duty factor (beam)= 25 % (rf: 35 %),A/ξ ≤ 8
Upgrade:
(new RFQ-structure, highercharge state from 28 GHz-ECR)
A/ξ ≤ 6.5, duty factor = 50 % (rf: 60 %)
Performance of all rf-tube-amplifiers([email protected] MW, IH+RFQ+Single Gap@200 kW, Rebuncher@ 4 kW) is sufficient to meet therequirements
Rebuncher
HSI
11.4 AMeV1.4 AMeV
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 41
UNILAC Upgrade for FAIR
Present status: HSI close to specifications for FAIR injection (20 mA U4+)
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 42
UNILAC Upgrade for FAIR
Mid and long term design options (together with W. Barth et. al., GSI)
Status Quo
HSI Stripper Alvarez ERs
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HE-Linac
Ausbauoption
HSI IH Stripper CH1 CH2
SIS 90
SIS 18
Status Quo
HSI Stripper Alvarez ERs
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HE-Linac
Ausbauoption
HSI IH Stripper CH1 CH2
SIS 90
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
Hochladungs-cw-Injektor
Materialforschung/ISL
SHIP
TASCAX1HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
Hochladungs-cw-Injektor
Materialforschung/ISL
SHIP
TASCAX1
Status Quo
HSI Stripper Alvarez ERs
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HE-Linac
Ausbauoption
HSI IH Stripper CH1 CH2
SIS 90
SIS 18
Status Quo
HSI Stripper Alvarez ERs
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HE-Linac
Ausbauoption
HSI IH Stripper CH1 CH2
SIS 90
SIS 18
Status Quo
HSI Stripper Alvarez ERs
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HE-Linac
Ausbauoption
HSI IH Stripper CH1 CH2
SIS 90
SIS 18
Status Quo
HSI Stripper Alvarez ERs
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HE-Linac
Ausbauoption
HSI IH Stripper CH1 CH2
SIS 90
SIS 18
Status Quo
HSI Stripper Alvarez ERs
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HE-Linac
Ausbauoption
HSI IH Stripper CH1 CH2
SIS 90
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
Hochladungs-cw-Injektor
Materialforschung/ISL
SHIP
TASCAX1HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
HSI IH Stripper CH
SIS 18
Hochladungs-cw-Injektor
Materialforschung/ISL
SHIP
TASCAX1
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 43
UNILAC Upgrade for FAIR
3.5 – 7.3 CW-Linac design with 216 MHz s.c. CH cavities
Quadrupole triplet Solenoid Accelerating cavity
QT S1
B1 C1 C2 C3
Rebuncher
S2 S3
C4 C5
Variable part
C6 C7 C8 C9 B2
S5 S6 S7 S4
Diagnostics
0 5 10 15 Z, m
5
-5
0
Transverse envelope, mm
50
0
Longitudinal envelope; deg
-50
HLI
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 44
UNILAC Upgrade for FAIR
Equidistant gap structure EQUUS
cφ∆
ψm ψo
ψ, deg -900 -180 -270
0.01
-0.01
∆β
βs
Z βλ/40 βλ/2−βλ/4
Travelling waveEo,MV/m
7
-7
2
1
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 45
UNILAC Upgrade for FAIR
CW Linac design with a long cryostat
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 46
UNILAC Upgrade for FAIR
Related international activities
E=200 MeV/u
Pmax=400 kW
Spiral 2, GANIL, CaenFRIB, MSU, Michigan
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 47
UNILAC Upgrade for FAIR
Related international activities
Spiral 2, GANIL, CaenFRIB, MSU, Michigan
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 48
FAIR Facility
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 49
FAIR Facility
Superconducting magnets for fast rampingSIS100 Magnet R&D
Nuclotron Cable Nuclotron D ipole in Cryostat
Main R&D goal: Reduction of AC losses during ramping by improved i ron yoke design 40 W/m > 13 W/m B max= 2 T, dB/dt= 4T/s, f= 1 Hz
Window frame magnet with superconducting coil
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 50
FAIR Facility
Actual status, see new magazine “target”
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 51
Superconducting magnets for fast rampingSIS300 Magnet R&D (GSI/BNL – GSI/IHEP)
FAIR Facility
Rutherford cable RHIC dipole (4T) UNK dipole (6T)
Main R&D goal: Reduction of AC losses during ramping by improved c able and coil design
Efficient conductor cooling Bmax = 6 T – dB/dt = 1 T/s
(HERA: 4 mT/s, RHIC; 42 mT/s, LHC; 8 mT/s)
Cosθθθθ - magnet with a two layer coil
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 52
FAIR Facility
900Impedance seen by thebeam (Ω)
1,2; 0,8; 1,3Dimensions (l,b,h) (m)
890 ΩShuntimpedance RP
48 µHInductivity LP825 pFCapacity CP
235, => 12/Corecooling power (W)
Pulsed operationParameters
0,8Frequency (MHz)
40Gap-Voltage (kV)
5*10-4Duty Cycle
235Average Power (W)
1,8shunt impedance (kΏ )
(without final rf-stage)
900Impedance seen by thebeam (Ω)
1,2; 0,8; 1,3Dimensions (l,b,h) (m)
890 ΩShuntimpedance RP
48 µHInductivity LP825 pFCapacity CP
235, => 12/Corecooling power (W)
Pulsed operationParameters
0,8Frequency (MHz)
40Gap-Voltage (kV)
5*10-4Duty Cycle
235Average Power (W)
1,8shunt impedance (kΏ )
(without final rf-stage)
Compact Metglas cavities for smooth bunching and bunch compressionSIS 18 h=1 MA-cavity
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 53
Matching an CH-Linac to a 10 MeV Laser Driven Proton S ource
A. Almomani, U. Ratzinger, I.Hofmann
Experiments with PHELIX at GSI, M. Roth, TUD, et al.
Ex. opening angle 200
9.6... 10.4 MeV
60 mm maximum radiusspot ~ 8 mm (closer to lens)
Solenoid Ex. opening angle 200
9.6... 10.4 MeV
60 mm maximum radiusspot ~ 8 mm (closer to lens)
Solenoid Ex. opening angle 200
9.6... 10.4 MeV
60 mm maximum radiusspot ~ 8 mm (closer to lens)
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 54
CH-linac behind 10 MeV Laser Source, 95% - Transverse Envelopes, 20000 Particles
10 MeV ± 500 keV 20 MeV ± 450 keV,“Single Bunch”, 1010 Protons ≙≙≙≙ 500 mA !!
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 55
Transverse Cluster x-x’ and y-y’
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 56
Longitudinal Cluster
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 57
Emittance Growth
U. Ratzinger, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe-University Frankfurt 58
Summary and Outlook
- Improved conditions for accelerator development at Goethe-University Frankfurt – Riedberg; In house facility FRANZ under construction.
- Actually very intense international R&D activities on cw and pulsed ion linacs.
- Challenging code development for loss predictions along high power linacs.
- Fascinating accelerator facility FAIR, construction to be started!
- Quite attractive activities around FAIR, like the PHELIX driven proton source and the unique pulsed neutron source FRANZ.