Eur Geol Prof Manuel Regueiro y González-Barros

Secretary General of ICOG

Associated Professor University Complutense. Madrid

HIGH EDUCATION OF GEOLOGY IN SPAIN

Euro-Ages Final Conference, Budapest 2010

SUMMARY

• 2008-2009. First year of application of Bologna in Geology in Spain

• Masters degrees adapted to EHEA operative since 2005-06

• 10 universities producing graduates

• Geology programs offer around 1000 places/year

• Freshmen up until 2010-2011 around 639. For current course all

places covered.

• Graduates 600 in 1998/99, 450 in 2007/2008. Expected output in

2011 more than 500.

• Employment: Almost no unemployment (4%) up until 2009. Crisis

has increased unemployment to 6%.

• Total nº of geologists in Spain: 6000

• Total nº of geological jobs 2010: 150

• All study plans must be previously approved by the National Agency

for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA) before they

become legally in force.

EUROPEAN CONVERGENCE IN SPAIN

• EUROPEAN SPACE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION (ESHE)

Framework document . February 2003

R.D. (1044/2003) European supplement to degrees

R.D. (1125/2003) European system of credits and qualifications

R.D. 285/2004, 1830/2004 y 3686/2004 Homologation and equivalence of foreign higher education degrees and studies

R.D. 55/2005: Official University Graduate studies

R.D. 56/2005: Official University Postgraduate studies

R.D. 1393/2007: Rearrangement of the Official University Studies (BOE: 30-10-2007)

STRUCTURE OF HIGHER STUDIES IN SPAIN

UP UNTIL TODAY(1994 & 2002 Plans)

1ST CYCLE

DIPLOMATUREGRADUATE

ENGINEER

ARCHITECT

DOCTORATE

2nd CYCLE

(2 or 3 YEARS)

(2 YEARS)

3rd CYCLE

Lecturing period

Research Period (+ Exam)

Thesis

(2 YEARS+ THESIS)

1st CYCLE

STRUCTURE OF HIGHER STUDIES IN SPAIN

ESHE REFORM

BACHELOR

2nd CYCLE

(4 YEARS) (1 or 2 YEARS)

3rd CYCLE

DOCTORATEMASTER

(POSTGRADE)

Thesis

Royal decree: BACHELOR

• Art. 9.1. The training to obtain a Bachelor degree should have the objective of providing the student with a general education in one or several disciplines, oriented to the preparation for the professional practise.

• 9.3. The name of the Bachelor degrees will be: Graduated in (degree) … by the university of … (name of university)….

Royal Decree: MASTER

• Art. 10.1 The education provided in a Master will have the objective of providing the student with an advanced education of multidisciplinary or specialized character oriented to the academic or professional specialization or to promote the initiation to research activities.

• Surprisingly Masters degrees have been enforced before Bachelor degrees:

Master in 2007-08Bachelor 2008-09; 2009-10; 2010-11

OFFICIAL MASTERS IN GEOLOGY IN SPAIN

UO: Master in Geological Resources & Geotechnics

UB-UAB: Master in Geology

UAB-UB: Master in Palaeontology

UZ: Master in Foundamentals of Research in Geology

UGR: Master in Geology

UCM: Master in Environmetal Geology & Geological Resources

UCM: Master in Geological Engineering & Geotechnics

UCM: Master in Palaeontology

UAB-UB: Master in Geophysics

UB-UO-UIMP: Master in Crystalography & crystallization

UHU-UIA: Master in Geology & Environmental Management or mineral resources

1st & 2nd CYCLE

TRANSITION TO ESHE (2007-08…..)

2nd CYCLE

GRADUATED

ENGINEER

Diplomature

(3 to 5 YEARS)

(1 to 2 YEARS)

3rd CYCLE

DOCTORATEMASTER

PRE-ESHE ESHE

STRUCTURE OF HIGHER STUDIES IN SPAIN

Bachelor: Some differences with previous

degrees

• No general guidelines

• No fundamentals or free selection subjects

• No need to specify subjects except basic subjects

• Credits ECTS: 25-30 student working hours

• Must fulfil National Accreditation Agency criteria

• 4 years for all degrees (3 Europe)

• 60 credits per year

• Degrees are grouped by Branches

• Basic subjects of a branch (60 credits)

3. White book of the National

Accreditation Agency (ANECA):

“The Bachelor degree on Geology”

November 2003 – February 2004

1.Participation in Tuning I

2001-2002

2. Geology Deans Conference 2002-2003

“Working document on the Spanish

studies of geology in the ESHE”

STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY PLANS

MODULES

MATTERS

SUBJECTS

BASIC MATTERS MODULE (60 ECTS)

END OF DEGREE ASSIGNMENT

1º 2º 3º

Proyectos (6 ECTS)

GEOLÓGICAS UCM

4º

Profesional (51 de 108 )

Trabajo Fin

de Grado

(9 ECTS)

Materias

Básicas

(60 ECTS)

Fundamental

(120 ECTS)Basic Matters

Fundamental

Professional(51 to 108)

Project

End of career

assignment

OFFICIAL POSTGRADE PROGRAM UCM

OPP: GEOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Since 2007-08

Quality Award

1. UCM: Master in Geological Engineering & Geotechnics

2. UCM: Master in Palaeontology

3. UCM: Master in Environmental Geology & Geological Resources• Specialist in:“Sedimentary Basins & Energy Resources”

• Specialist in “Hydrogeology and soils”• Specialist in “Processes and dynamics of the lithosphere”• Specialist in “Mineral Resources and Industrial Rocks”• Specialist in “Geological Hazards and Land Use management”

4. Doctorate

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• ACADEMIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

– Established in the academic plan

• PROFESSIONAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

– Defined by the professional body in terms of what professionals do know

There is no system yet in place to check that a graduate has acquired the knowledge claimed

by the academia

GENERAL COMPETENCES

• GC1. Recognise and use paradigms, concepts and principles of Geology

• GC2. Collect and integrate several types of data and observations with the objective of cheeking a hypothesis

• GC3. Apply knowledge to study and solve known or unknown geological problems.

• GC4. Valorise the need of intellectual integrity and of the professional codes of conduct

• GC5. Recognise the points of view and opinions of other experts and integrate multidisciplinary information to solve geological problems

• GC6. Develop the necessary skills to be autonomous and for the continual professional development along the whole professional life: self-discipline, self-management, independent work, time management and organization skills

• GC7. Identify objectives for the personal, academic and professional development, and work to achieve them.

• GC8. Develop an adaptable and flexible study and work method.

• GC9. Cite the references used in the works in an adequate manner

• GC10. Use internet in a critical way as a communication tool and as source of information

• GC11. Understand and use various sources of information (text, numbers, verbal and graphic).

• CG12. Transmit the geological information adequately in written verbal and graphic form, to different types of audiences.

ACADEMIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

SPECIFIC COMPETENCES SC1. Know how to use the basic principles of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology to the knowledge of Earth and to understand the geological processes. SC2. Adequate knowledge of other disciplines relevant to Geology SC3. Capacity to identify and characterize the properties of the various geological materials and processes using geological methods SC4. Knowledge of how to relate the properties of the matter with its structure. Knowledge to identify and characterize geological materials using instrumental techniques, as well as to determine their forming processes and their applications.SC5. Capacity to analyze the distribution and structure of the different types of geological materials and processes in different scales of geological time and space. Knowledge of the correlation techniques and their interpretation SC6. Knowledge to differentiate minerals, rocks and their association and the processes that generate them and their time span. SC7. Knowledge of the techniques to identify fossils and to use them in the interpretation and dating of ancient sedimentary environments SC8. Knowledge to recognize geomorphologic systems and the interpretation of surface formations. SC9. Knowledge to recognise, represent and rebuilt tectonic structures and the processes that generate them. Knowledge to correlate the characteristics of rocks with their petrogenetic processes. Knowledge to relate type of rocks with geodynamic environments. SC10. Evaluate the quality, advantages and limitations of the various geological methods and their contribution to the knowledge of the Earth.

ACADEMIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

• SC11. To know and understand current environmental processes and their associated hazards, as well as the need both of exploiting and preserving the resources of the Earth.

• SC12. To know how to use the geological knowledge in the benefit of the social demand of resources to exploit, evaluate, extract and manage them in accordance with sustainable development. To know how to provide solutions to geological solutions in geology applied to engineering.

• SC13. To know how to describe, analyze, evaluate, plan and manage the physical environment and the geological heritage.

• SC14. Valorise the problems of selection, precision, accuracy and uncertainty of samples during collection, filing and analysis of field and laboratory data.

• SC15. To be able to obtain, collect, store, analyze and represent samples, using the adequate techniques of field, laboratory and office.

• SC16. To be able to obtain process, interpret and present data using qualitative adequate quantitative techniques and software.

• SC17. To be able to integrate field and laboratory data with the theories, concepts and principles of the discipline, following a sequence from observation to recognition, synthesis and modelling.

• SC18. To be able to elaborate and interpret geoscientific and geological maps and other means of representation (columns, geological sections, etc)

• SC19. To carry out field and laboratory work in a responsible and safe manner, giving the necessary attention to the evaluation of risks, rights of accession, health and safety legislation and the impact of the work done on the environment.

ACADEMIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

ACADEMIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

TRANSVERSE COMPETENCES TC1. Acquire synthesis and analysis capabilities.TC2. Prove critical and self-critical reasoning.TC3. Acquire capacities of organisation, planning and execution.TC4. Acquire the capacity to communicate in written and verbal form in Spanish.TC5. Acquire the capacity to manage information.TC6. Acquire the capacity to solve problems.TC7. Acquire the capacity to take decision and to manage human resources.TC8. Acquire the capacity for team as well as for autonomous work.TC9. Acquire skill for interpersonal relationsTC10. Acquire the capacity for self-learningTC11. Acquire the capacity to adapt to new situationsTC12. Prove creativity and initiative and spirit of entrepreneurTC13. Prove motivation for quality in the development of activities TC14. Acquire sensibility for environmental matters

BASIC GEOLOGY

• Study, identification and classification of geological materials and processes, as well as the results of such processes.

• Study, identification and classification of fossil remains, including the signals of organic activity.

• Research, development and quality control of geological processes applied to the industry , construction, mining, agriculture, environment and services.

• Geological, geochemical, petrographic, mineralogical and spectrographic studies and tests and any other technique applied to geological materials.

• Geological and thematic mapping related to Earth Sciences.

• Technical and scientific advice in geological subjects.

• Education of geology.

• Soil projects, studies and mapping.

• Studies and projects of remote sensing and geographical information systems applied to geology

• Planetary geology

• Any other professional activity related to geology and Earth Sciences.

PROFFESIONAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

MINERAL RESOURCES

• Production, transformation, handling, preservation, identification and quality control of geological and mining resources.

• Reports, studies and projects for the production, transformation and control in relation with geological and mining resources.

• Drafting and management of exploration and research projects of geological and mining resources.

• Planning and rational exploitation of geological, mining, energy and environmental resources and renewable energies.

PROFFESIONAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

ENVIRONMENT

• Identification, study and control of phenomenon affecting environment preservation.

• Organisation and management of Natural Protected Spaces whatever the degree of protection, Geological Parks and Science Museums.

• Studies, reports and projects dealing with mining and industrial pollution

• Environmental Impact Studies.

• Project drafting and direction of Reclaiming Plans and Projects of spaces affected by mining activities.

• Studies and projects for the protection and decontamination of soils affected by industrial, agricultural and human activities in general.

• Environmental plans management.

• Environmental protection activities.

• Study, evaluation, diffusion and protection of the Spanish Geological and Paleontological heritage.

• Geological, paleontological and environmental education. Educational and recreational geology.

• Oceanographic studies.

• Geological studies related to coastline dynamics and beach regeneration

• Natural and geological hazards studies.

• Management and drafting of geological and environmental studies for municipal and regional land-use planning projects.

• Studies and projects for the location, construction and sealing of urban solid waste deposits and safe disposal sites for industrial and radioactive wastes.

• Management of Urban, Industrial and Agricultural Wastes General Planning

PROFFESIONAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

HIDROGEOLOGY

• Management and execution of protection perimeters, research and utilisation projects of mineral waters, industrial waters, thermal waters and human supply waters for dwellings and industrial complex.

• Hydrological and hydrogeological studies and projects for the investigation, research, location, extraction, control, exploitation and management of water resources.

• Identification and delimitation of the Hydraulic and Maritime Public Domain.

GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

• Ground studies in civil works and building for geological characterisation.

• Geological engineering studies, pre-projects and projects

• Quality control in geological characterisation of soils.

• Technical management and supervision of recognisance drilling projects, sampling, “in situ” and laboratory tests

• Technical management, supervision and follow-up of field research campaigns for geological characterisation of locations in preliminary studies, pre-projects and projects of civil works and buildings.

• Seismic and geophysical studies and projects in geological characterisation of sites.

PROFFESIONAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

SPANISH ACCREDITATION SYSTEM

• ANECA: National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation. Public Trust since 2002.

• Procedure:

1. The university designs the study plan of the programme and sends it to the Council of Universities for the ex-ante evaluation.

2. The Council of Universities sends the study plan to ANECA to begin the assessment process.

3. ANECA appoints the members of the panel.

4. The panel assesses the study plan according to the criteria set up on the assessment procedure for the ex-ante accreditation of official university degrees and writes the draft evaluation report.

5. ANECA sends the draft report to the university in case it wishes to make any observations.

6. ANECA analyses the observations presented, writes the accreditation report and sends it to the Council of Universities.

7. The Council of Universities checks that the name of degree is coherent with the study plan and establishes the ex-ante evaluation result (positive or negative).

8. The Regional Government and the university are notified of the ex-ante accreditation result.

9. If the university appeals the ex-ante evaluation result, the Council of Universities will appoint a different panel for the review which can either confirm the evaluation or accept the appeal and send it to ANECA.

10.ANECA reviews the appeals and sends the final assessment result to the Ministry of Education who will inform the other stakeholders of the process.

11.After the Regional Government authorises the degree, it is registered and considered an accredited official degree course.

12.The registered degree will be monitored by ANECA and the regional quality agencies until renewal of the accreditation is required.

13.Six years after the degree is first registered, an ex-post evaluation is required in order to guarantee that the degree fulfils what was specified in the design.

SPANISH ACCREDITATION SYSTEM

CONCLUSIONS FROM THE PROFESSIONAL BODY

• In Spain once a graduate obtains its academic degree he/she can practice professionally (although to be able to practise, a bachelor should first join the Spanish Association of Professional Geologists (ICOG), and the process of joining does not imply any examination on the real competences of the graduate), the competences acquired during the studies must be such that should allow the graduated to immediately join the professional world

• The transposition in Spain of the European Directive of professional qualifications has enhanced the need to justify academic plans to fulfil with the professional requirements, since the profession of geologists has been included in the official list of regulated professions. The text of the newly transposed directive specifically addresses this matter, as it states that before a new degree is approved by the Government, it should be duly checked that the learning outcomes expected are perfectly matched to the professional functions of the new graduate.

• There are no jet Bologna graduates in geology in Spain, so it is just to early to know if the new plans will result in better qualified professional.

THANK YOU¡¡