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Maintenance-free

Designer´s Handbook

Filament WoundHigh LoadSelf-lubricating Bearings

Designer´s Handbook

I

QualityAll the products described in this handbook are manufactured under DIN EN ISO 9001, ISO/TS 16949 and ISO 14001approved quality management systems.

In addition GGB North America has been certified AS9100 revision B complying with the requirements of aerospaceindustry’s quality management system for the manufacture of metal-backed bearings and filament wound bearings andwashers.

AMERICA

FRANCE

GERMANY

BRAZIL SLOVAKIA

CHINA

II

Formula Symbols and Designations

FormulaSymbol

UnitANSI

UnitSI

Designation

aB - - Bearing size factor

aE - - High load factor

aM - - Mating material factor

aS - - Surface finish factor

aT - - Temperature application factor

B inch mm Nominal bush length

CD inch mm Installed diametral clearance

DH inch mm Housing Diameter

Di inch mmNominal bush IDNominal thrust washer ID

Do inch mmNominal bush ODNominal thrust washer OD

DJ inch mm Shaft diameter

F lbs. N Bearing load

LQ - - Bearing service life, cycles

n 1/min 1/min Rotational speed

nosc 1/min 1/minRotational speedfor oscillating motion

p psi MPa Specific load

plim psi MPa Specific load limit

psta,max psi MPa Maximum static load

pdyn,max psi MPa Maximum dynamic load

QGF - - GAR-FIL cyclic life factor

QGM - -GAR-MAX and HSG cyclic lifefactor

QMLG - - MLG cyclic life factor

Ra µinch µmSurface roughness(DIN 4768, ISO/DIN 4287/1)

Sm psi MPa Calculated edge stress

SS inch mm Thickness of slideplate

ST inch mm Thickness of washer

s inch mm Bush wall thickness

T °F °C Temperature

Tamb °F °C Ambient temperature

Tmax °F °C Maximum temperature

Tmin °F °C Minimum temperature

v ft/min m/s Sliding speed

vlim ft/min m/s Maximum sliding speed

µ - - Coefficient of friction

α1 1/106K 1/106KCoefficient of linear thermalexpansion

σc psi MPa Compressive Yield strength

λB BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F

W/mKThermal conductivityof bearing material

ϕ ° ° Angular displacement

Unit Conversions

SI to ANSI Conversions

1 mm 0.0394 inch

1 m 3.2808 ft

1 Newton = 1N 0.225 lbs.

1 MPa = 1 N/mm² 145 psi

1 m/s 196.85 ft/min

°C (°F-32)/1.8

ANSI to SI Conversions

1 inch 25.4 mm

1 ft 0.3048 m

1 Lb. 4.448 N

1 psi 0.0069 MPa = 0.0069 N/mm²

1 ft/min 0.0051 m/s

°F (1.8 x °C) +32

mm = millimeters

m = meters

ft = foot

in = inch

N = Newtons

W = Watts

MPa = MegaPascal = 106 Pa

Lbs. = pounds

psi = pounds per square inch

hr = hour

ft/min = feet per minute

m/s = meters per second

°F = degrees Farenheit

°C = degrees Celsius

K = degrees Kelvin

BTU = British Thermal Units

FormulaSymbol

UnitANSI

UnitSI

Designation

Content

3

ContentQuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IFormula Symbolsand Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . II

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1 General Characteristicsand Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Wide Application Range . . . . . . 4Low Friction Operation . . . . . . . 4OutstandingDimensional Stability . . . . . . . . . 5Wide Range of Sizesand Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Material Description . . . . 6

2.1 GAR-MAX® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.2 GAR-FIL® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.3 Special GAR-MAX® ProductsHSG™ and MLG™ . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.4 Hydropower ProductsHPM™ and HPF™ . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.5 MEGALIFE® XTThrust Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.6 PerformanceComparison Chart . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.1 Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . 12

3.2 Performance Comparison . . . . 13

3.3 Chemical Resistance . . . . . . . . 14

4 Data for Designers . . . . 16

4.1 Wear Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4.2 Frictional Properties . . . . . . . . 17

4.3 Operating Temperature . . . . . . 18

4.4 Load Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4.5 Surface Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.6 pv Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.7 Operating Clearances . . . . . . . 20

4.8 Dimensional Considerations . 20

4.9 Shaft Materialand Surface Finish . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.10 Housing Material . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.11 Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5 Performance . . . . . . . . . 22

5.1 Design Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5.2 Specific Load, p . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5.3 Sliding Speed, v . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.4 pv Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.5 Estimating Bearing Life . . . . . . 24Cyclic Bearing Life, LQ . . . . . . . . 24High Load Factor, aE . . . . . . . . . 24Temperature Factor - aT . . . . . . . 26Mating Material Factor - aM . . . . 26Mating Surface Factor - aS . . . . . 27Bearing Size Factor - aB . . . . . . . 27

5.6 Worked Examples . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.7 Misalignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

6 Installationand Machining . . . . . . . . 33

6.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6.2 Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Outer Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Inner Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Deburring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

7 Standard Products . . . . 34

7.1 GF, GM, HSG, MLG(inch sizes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341/8“ wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341/4“ wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

7.2 GF, GM, HSG, MLG(metric sizes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.5 mm wall series . . . . . . . . . . . 385 mm wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

7.3 MEGALIFE XT,Thrust Bearings,Inch sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

7.4 MEGALIFE XT,Thrust Bearings,Metric sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

8 Data Sheetfor bearing design . . . . . 44

9 Other GGBBearing Materials . . . . . 45

1 Introduction

4

1 IntroductionThe purpose of this handbook is to providecomprehensive technical information onthe characteristics of GGB´s family offilament wound, high load, self-lubricatingbearings. The information given permitsdesigners to establish the appropriatematerial required for a particularapplication. GGB North America (GGBNA)applications and development engineeringservices are available to assist withunusual design problems.

GGB is the world´s largest manufacturer ofpolymer plain bearings for lowmaintenance and maintenance freeapplications. This includes an extensiveproduct portfolio including metal-polymerbearings, thermoplastic materials, filament

wound composite materials and monometallic materials.

GGBNA, is one of seven GGBmanufacturing facilities world wide, andhas remained the foremost supplier of self-lubricating plain bearings to America´sindustrial and automotive markets foralmost 30 years. GGB is continuallyrefining and extending its experimental andtheoretical knowledge and, therefore,when using this brochure it is alwaysworthwhile to contact GGB if additionalinformation should be required.

As it is impossible to cover all conditions ofoperation that arise in practice, customersare advised to conduct prototype testingwherever possible.

1.1 General Characteristics and AdvantagesTo meet the need for high load, self-lubricating bearings that provide low wearrates in a wide variety of applications,GGB has developed a comprehensivefamily of filament wound, composite self-lubricating bearing materials. Thesebearings combine the excellent lubricatingproperties of filled PTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene) with the high

strength and stability of an oriented glassfiber wound structure. GGB´s Filamentwound bearings employ a tough, highstrength composite structure consisting ofepoxy-impregnated, wound glass fibersoriented to provide the radial and axialstrength required to support high bearingloads.

GAR-MAX® and HSGTM (High StrengthGAR-MAX®) have a bearing surface linerof PTFE and high strength fibers twistedtogether and encapsulated by a hightemperature epoxy resin that has beenfurther enhanced with a self-lubricatingadditive.

MLGTM has a bearing surface liner ofPTFE and high strength fibers twistedtogether and encapsulated by a hightemperature resin.

GAR-FIL® has a proprietary filled PTFEtape liner bonded to the backing.

HPM™ has a bearing surface liner ofPTFE and high strength fibers twistedtogether and encapsulated by a hightemperature epoxy resin that has beenfurther enhanced with PTFE.

HPF™ has a bearing surface linerconsisting of a proprietary filled PTFE tapeliner bonded to the backing.

MEGALIFE® XT Thrust washers have aproprietary filled PTFE surface on bothsides of the washers supported by a highstrength composite inner core.

Wide Application RangeLaboratory and field testing have proventhat GGB filament wound bearings provideoutstanding performance in a wide varietyof demanding dry or lubricated bearingapplications. These include off-roadvehicles, agricultural and automotiveequipment, construction equipment, aerial

lifts, windmills, materials handlingequipment, valves, textile equipment,mechanical and hydraulic presses,waste/recycling equipment, processingequipment, packing machinery, and manymore.

1Introduction

5

Low Friction OperationGGB self-lubricating filament woundbearings are particularly effective inapplications where the relative motion isnot sufficient to promote circulation of theoil or grease used with more conventionalbearings. The natural lubricity of the PTFE

used in the bearing surfaces assures lowfriction in dry applications. In fact, in lowspeed, high pressure type applications.GAR-FIL bearings offer one of the lowestcoefficients of friction of any self-lubricatedbearing material.

Outstanding Dimensional StabilityUnlike many conventional non metallicbearing materials, the high strengthcomposite bearing structure of GGBfilament wound bearings offer a thermalexpansion rate similar to that of steel. Thisassures maximum dimensional stability

and positive housing retention, even atelevated temperatures. Furthermore, GGBfilament wound bearings are dimensionallystable in water. Water absorption and swellare negligible.

Wide Range of Sizes and ShapesGGB filament wound bearings areavailable in standard sizes from 12 mm to150 mm [1/2“ to 6“] ID with wallthicknesses of 2.5 mm and 5 mm [1/8“ and1/4“], including lengths up to 400 mm [16“].

On special order, ID sizes from 10 mm toover 500 mm [3/8“ to over 20“] can befurnished with custom wall thicknessand/or length as required.

MEGALIFE® XT thrust bearings areavailable in standard sizes with customsizes available upon request.

Special shapes based on customerrequirements are possible as shownbelow. Contact GGB for details.

Fig. 1: Standard Shapes

Fig. 2: Examples for Special Shapes

2 MaterialDescription

6

2 Material Description

2.1 GAR-MAX®

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection

Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsulated in aninternally lubricated, high tem-perature filled epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglassencapsulated in a high tem-perature epoxy resin.

Features Possible Applications Availability

• High load capacity• Excellent shock resistance• Excellent misalignment

resistance• Excellent contamination

resistance• Very good friction and wear

properties• Good chemical resistance

• Steering linkages• hydraulic cylinder pivots• king pin bearings• boom lifts, scissor lifts• cranes, hoists, lift gates• backhoes, trenchers• skid steer loaders• front end loaders…

StandardCylindrical bearings: ID Range: 12 to150 mm, metric series; 0.5 to 6 inch,inch series.Special orderBearing diameters to 500 mm [20inches]; flanged bearings; hex andsquare bores; liner on OD

Bearing Properties SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value

Ultimate Compressivestrength σc

414 MPa 60,000 psi

Maximum static load psta,max 207 MPa 30,000 psi

Maximum dynamic loadpdyn,max

138 MPa 20,000 psi

Maximum sliding speed vlim 0.13 m/s 25 ft/min

Maximum pv factor 1.05 MPa·m/s 30,000 psi·ft/min

Maximum temperature Tmax 163 °C 325 °F

Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F

SlidingLayer

Backing

2MaterialDescription

7

2.2 GAR-FIL®


Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner,0.38 mm [.015] standard thickness.BackingContinuous wound fiberglassencapsulated in a high tem-perature epoxy resin.


• High load capacity• Good chemical resistance• Machinable bearing surface• High rotational speed capa-

bility• Very good friction and wear

properties• Excellent contamination

resistance

• Valves• scissor lifts• pulleys• toggle linkages…

StandardCylindrical bearings: ID Range: 12 to150 mm, metric series; 0.5 to 6 inch,inch series.Special orderBearing diameters to 500 mm [20inches]; special tape thicknesses;flanged bearings; hex and squarebores; liner on OD



379 MPa 55,000 psi



138 MPa 20,000 psi





SlidingLayer

Backing


8

2.3 Special GAR-MAX® Products HSG™ and MLG™

Possible applications and availability see 2.1 on Page6

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features

HSG™ - High Strength GAR-MAX

Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsulated in aninternally lubricated, high tem-perature filled epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglassencapsulated in a high tem-perature epoxy resin.

• High static load capacity -twice as high as standardGAR-MAX

• Excellent shock andmisalignment resistance -better than standard GAR-MAX

• Excellent contaminationresistance

• Very good friction and wearproperties

• Good chemical resistance

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features

MLG™

Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsulated in hightemperature epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglassencapsulated in a high tem-perature epoxy resin.

• Value engineered filamentwound bearing for lighterduty applications

• High load capacity• Good misalignment

resistance• Excellent shock resistance• Good friction and wear


Bearing Properties

HSG™ MLG™

SI Unit ValueANSI Unit

ValueSI Unit Value

ANSI UnitValue


621 MPa 90,000 psi 414 MPa 60,000 psi

Maximum static load psta,max 414 MPa 60,000 psi 207 MPa 30,000 psi


138 MPa 20,000 psi 138 MPa 20,000 psi

Maximum sliding speed vlim 0.13 m/s 25 ft/min 0.13 m/s 25 ft/min

Maximum pv factor 1.05 MPa·m/s 30,000 psi·ft/min 1.05 MPa·m/s 30,000 psi·ft/min

Maximum temperature Tmax 163 °C 320 °F 163 °C 320 °F

Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F -196 °C -320 °F

SlidingLayer

Backing

SlidingLayer

Backing


9

2.4 Hydropower Products HPM™ and HPF™

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features Possible Applications

HPM™ • Specifically developed for hydro-power applications

• High load capacity• Excellent shock and edge load-

ing capacity• Low friction, superior wear rate

and bearing life• Excellent corrosion resistance• Dimensional stability - low water

absorption, no swelling• Environmentally friendly

• Servo-motor bearings• operating ring sliding

segments• linkage bearings• wicket gate bearings• guide vane bearings• intake gate sliding segments• intake gate roller bearings• spillway gate bearings• trash rake bearings• fish screen bearings• trunnion bearings• blade bearings• injector bearings• deflector bearings• ball and butterfly trunnion bear-

ings...

Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsulated in a self-lubricating, high temperature epoxyresin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsu-lated in a high temperature epoxy resin.

HPF™

Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner.Backing - Flat MaterialContinuous woven fiber glass clothlaminate impregnated and cured withepoxy resin.Backing - Cylindrical BearingsContinuous wound fiberglass encapsu-lated in a high temperature epoxy resin.

Bearing PropertiesHPM™ HPF™

AvailabilitySI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value

Ultimate Compressive strengthσc

345 MPa 50,000 psi 379 MPa 55,000 psiHPM, Special orderCylindrical bearings to 500 mm (20inches).HPF, Special orderCylindrical bearings, diameters up to500 mm (20 inches); thrust bearings andwear plates.

Maximum static load psta,max 138 MPa 20,000 psi 138 MPa 20,000 psi

Maximum dynamic load pdyn,max 138 MPa 20,000 psi 138 MPa 20,000 psi

Maximum sliding speed vlim 0.13 m/s 25 ft/min 2.5 m/s 500 ft/min

Maximum pv factor 1.23 MPa·m/s 35,000 psi·ft/min 1.23 MPa·m/s 35,000 psi·ft/min

Maximum temperature Tmax

- Cylindrical bearing material 163 °C 325 °F 204 °C 400 °F

- Flat Material - - 140 °C 284 °F

Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F -196 °C -320 °F

SlidingLayer

Backing

SlidingLayer

Backing


10

2.5 MEGALIFE® XT Thrust Bearings


Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner onboth sides.CoreContinuously woven layer offilament fiberglass encapsulated ina high temperature epoxy resin.


• High load capacity• Excellent shock resistance• Excellent misalignment

resistance• Good surface speed

capability• Excellent contamination

resistance• Very good friction and wear


• Pulley spacers• gear spacers• aerial lifts• fork lift masts• king pins• steering links• lift gates• cranes• backhoes• valve actuator linkages…

StandardThrust bearings, standard sizes seepages 42-43.Special orderFor special sizes contact GGB.



207 MPa 30,000 psi



138 MPa 20,000 psi





SlidingLayer

Core


11

2.6 Performance Comparison Chart

Table 1: Performance Comparison Chart

MaterialLoad Carrying

CapabilityShock Loading

ResistanceSpeed

CapabilityContamination

ResistanceMisalignmentResistance

Machinability

GAR-MAX 1 2 3 1 2 4

GAR-FIL 1 3 1 2 4 1

HSG 1 1 3 1 1 4

MLG 1 2 3 2 3 4

HPM 1 2 3 1 2 4

HPF, Flat Material 1 3 1 2 4 1

HPF, Cylindrical Bearing 1 3 1 2 4 1

MEGALIFE XT 2 3 2 2 3 2

Ranking

1 Excellent

2 Good

3 Fair

4 Not Recommended

3 Properties

12

3 Properties

3.1 Physical PropertiesTable 2 shows the physical properties ofGGB´s filament wound bearings.

High load capacity without lubrication

The ultimate compressive strength andmaximum dynamic capacity of GGBfilament wound bearings without

lubrication exceed those of most otherbearing materials with lubrication.

Wide operating temperature range

GGB filament wound bearings can operateat much higher temperatures thanlubricated bearings. This opens newapplication opportunities where metallic

bearings cannot function because of thelimited temperature range of most greasesand oils.

Thermal dimensional stability

GGB filament wound bearings have athermal expansion rate similar to steel andcast iron. There is less chance of themlosing their press fit or binding the shaft

when exposed to extremes of temperature.This is not the case with many other non-metallic bearings.

Weight savings

GGB filament wound bearings are 75%lighter than similarly sized bronze or steelbearings. This can result in a substantial

weight saving, especially with largerbearings.

Table 2: Physical properties of GGB filament wound bearings

PhysicalProperties

Units GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPMHPFFlat

Material

HPFBearingMaterial

MEGA-LIFEXT

Ultimate CompressiveStrength

MPa 414 379 621 414 345 379 379 207

psi 60,000 55,000 90,000 60,000 50,000 55,000 55,000 30,000

Static LoadCapacity

MPa 207 138 414 207 138 138 138 138

psi 30,000 20,000 60,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000

Maximum DynamicLoad Capacity

MPa 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 69

psi 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 10,000

Max. RelativeSurface Speed

m/s 0.13 2.50 0.13 0.13 0.13 2.50 2.50 0.50

ft/min 25 500 25 25 25 500 500 100

Maximumpv Factor

MPa·m/s 1.05 1.23 1.05 1.05 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23

psi·ft/min 30,000 35,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000

Max. Operating Temperature°C 163 204 163 163 163 140 204 177°F 325 400 325 325 325 284 400 350

Min. OperatingTemperature

°C -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196

°F -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320

ThermalExpansionRate - Hoop

10-6/K 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 10.8* 12.6 12.6*

10-6/°F 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0* 7.0 7.0*

ThermalExpansionRate - Axial

10-6/K 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 - 27.0 -

10-6/°F 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 - 15.0 -

ThermalConductivity

W/mK 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.26 0.26

BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8

Specific Gravity - 1.87 1.96 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.9 1.96 1.85

* lengthwise

3Properties

13

3.2 Performance ComparisonTable 3 presents the properties informationin a convenient table to help you choosethe best product for your application.

Table 3: Comparison of various bearing materials

Note

Actual performance depends on theinteraction of many parameters that mayvary with the specific application. Forexample, maximum values listed for loads,speeds, and temperature cannot be used

simultaneously. However, in certainapplications, individual values can beexceeded. For conditions that do exceedthe recommended design limits, contactour Engineering Department.

Material

Max. Dynamic Capacity(<0.025 m/s (5 sft/min))

Maximum TemperatureThermal Expansion

Rate - Hoop SpecificGravity

MPa psi °C °F 10-6/K 10-6/°F

Cast Bronze* 41 6,000 71 160 18.0 10.0 8.80

Porous Bronze** 28 4,000 71 160 18.0 10.0 7.50

Alloyed Bronze* 69 10,000 93 200 28.8 16.0 8.10

Steel-Backed Bronze* 24 3,500 93 200 14.4 8.0 8.00

Hardened Steel* 276 40,000 93 200 12.6 7.0 7.90

Zinc Aluminum* 38 5,500 93 200 27.0 15.0 5.00

Fabric-Reinforced Phenolic* 41 6,000 93 200 36.0 20.0 1.60

Reinforced PTFE 14 2,000 260 500 99.0 55.0 2.00

GAR-MAX 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87

GAR-FIL 138 20,000 204 400 12.6 7.0 1.96

HSG 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87

MLG 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87

HPM 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87

HPF, Flat Material 138 20,000 140 284 10.8*** 6.0*** 1.90

HPF, Cylindrical Bearing 138 20,000 204 400 12.6 7.0 1.96

MEGALIFE XT 69 10,000 177 350 12.6*** 7.0*** 1.85

*with lubrication; **oil impregnated; ***lengthwise

3 Properties

14

3.3 Chemical ResistanceGGB´s filament wound bearings areresistant to a wide variety of chemicalsincluding acids, bases, salt solutions, oils,fuels, alcohols, solvents and gases.

In fact GGB filament wound bearings offergreater chemical resistance than metallicbearings. However, GAR-FIL is resistant tothe greater number of chemicals, and isused in a wide range of valves employed inthe chemical processing industry as wellas for fire-safe valves.

The chemical resistance of GGB´s filamentwound bearings to many commonchemicals at 70 °F is shown in Table 4.

We recommend conducting a chemicalresistance test prior to specifying a bearingthat will be exposed to a chemical. Aneffective test (ASTM D 543) is to submergea sample bearing in the subject chemicalat the maximum anticipated operatingtemperature for seven days. If there is achange in the weight, dimensions, orcompressive strength of the bearing, thenthe bearing is not resistant to the chemical.

GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPM HPF

Acids 10%Acetic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Arsenic No Yes No No No Yes

Boric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Carbonic No No No No No No

Citric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Hydrochloric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Hydro-fluoric No No No No No No

Nitric No No No No No No

Sulfuric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Bases 10%Aluminum Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Calcium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Magnesium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Potassium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sodium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

SaltsAluminum Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Aluminum Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Aluminum Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Calcium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Ferric Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Magnesium Carbonate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Magnesium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Magnesium Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sodium Acetate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sodium Bicarbonate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sodium Bisulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sodium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sodium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Zinc Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

AlcoholsAcetol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Allyl No No No No No No

AmyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Butyl No No No No No No

Ethyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Iso Butyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Iso PropyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Methyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

PropyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

3Properties

15

Table 4: Chemical resistance

SolventsAcetone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Benzene No No No No No No

Carbon Tetrachloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Methylene Chloride No No No No No No

Methyl Ethyl Ketone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Naphtha Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Toluol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Trichlorethane No Yes No No No Yes

OilsCottonseed Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Crude Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Hydraulic Fluids Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Linseed Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Motor Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Transmission Fluids Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

FuelsDiesel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Gasoline Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Jet Fuel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Kerosene Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Gases Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Acetylene Bromine No No No No No No

Butane Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Carbon Dioxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Chlorine No Yes No No No Yes

Ethers Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Fluorine No No No No No No

Hydrogen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Natural Gas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Nitrogen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Ozone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Propane Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sulfur Dioxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

MiscellaneousAnhydrous Ammonia No No No No No No

Detergents Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Ethylene Glycol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Formaldehyde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Freon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Hydrogen Peroxide No No No No No No

Lime Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Water Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sea water Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPM HPF

4 Data forDesigners

16

4 Data for Designers

4.1 Wear RateIn the high load applications anticipated forfilament wound bearings, radialdisplacement will result from a combinationof many variables. These include adhesivewear, abrasion, deformation due tomisalignment of the shaft, high interfacetemperatures, ingress of dirt, fluidcontamination and mating surfaceconditions. With design pressures of less

than 69 MPa [10,000 psi], millions ofcycles can be achieved with GAR-MAX,HSG, GAR-FIL, HPM and HPF bearings.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the rate of wearmeasured in continuous cycle testing for aGAR-MAX and GAR-FIL bearing operatingat 103 MPa [15,000 psi].

Fig. 3: Wear rate for GAR-MAX

Fig. 4: Wear rate for GAR-FIL

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0

100.0

00

200.0

00

300.0

00

400.0

00

500.0

00

Cycles

Wea

r,m

m

Wea

r,in

ch

GAR-MAX WEARBearing: GM1620-012ID: 25.40 mm [1.000 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.750 inch]Shaft: 1045 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.4 µm [16 µinch]P = 103 MPa [15,000 psi]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 ft/min]PV = 0.68 MPa·m/s [19,500 psi·ft/min]

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0

100,

000

200,

000

300,

000

400,

000

500,

000

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.010

Cycles

Wea

r,m

m

Wea

r,in

chGAR-FIL WEARBearing: GF1620-012ID: 25.40 mm [1.000 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.750 inch]Shaft: 1045 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.4 µm [16 µinch]P = 103 MPa [15,000 psi]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 ft/min]PV = 0.68 MPa·m/s [19,500 psi·ft/min]

4Data forDesigners

17

4.2 Frictional PropertiesThe prime factors affecting the friction offilament wound bearings are pressure,velocity, temperature and mating surfaceconditions. Generally, the pressure is themost influential.

Fig. 5 shows how friction changes atvarious pressures. This information can beused to estimate the torque required toinitiate motion in GGB filament woundbearings:

orThis equation can be used to determinefrictional losses that a bearing contributesto a system.

Fig. 5: Coefficient of friction vs specific load

With frequent starts and stops, the staticcoefficient of friction is approximately equalto or slightly less than the dynamiccoefficient of friction as measured inlaboratory testing. After progressivelylonger periods of sitting idle or dwell underload (e.g., of hours or days), the staticcoefficient of friction of the first movement

has been measured to be up to 200%higher, particularly before bedding-in. Thisphenomenon must be considered whendesigning long dwell period applications.Extremely low torque applications shouldbe monitored or specifically tested forfriction when prime mover torquerequirements must be determined.

Torqueμ F Di⋅ ⋅2000

------------------=

(4.2.1) [N·m]

Torqueμ F Di⋅ ⋅

2------------------=

(4.2.2) [lbs·in]

Where

µ coefficient of friction

F Applied load [Newtons] or [pounds]

Di Bearing nominal ID, [mm] or [inches]

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000

MLG

GAR-MAX

GAR-FIL

Test Conditions:ID: 25.4 mm [1.00 inch]OD: 31.75 mm [1.25 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.75 inch]Shaft: 1040 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.13 µm [5 µinch]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 ft/min]Break-in for 24 hours at 103 MPa[15,000 psi] prior to measuring friction

Specific Load [MPa]

Coe

ffici

ento

ffric

tion

μ

Specific Load [psi]

4 Data forDesigners

18

4.3 Operating TemperatureOperating temperature is an importantconsideration when specifying bearingmaterials since temperature will have adirect affect on bearing load capacity andwear resistance. GGB filament woundbearings consist of a rugged outer shell offilament wound fiberglass encapsulated inhigh temperature epoxy. This combinationof materials permit GGB filament woundbearings to operate at higher temperaturesthan most other conventional plain

bearings as indicated in Table 3. Atelevated temperatures GGB filamentwound bearings have reduced loadcarrying capabilities due to the softening ofthe self-lubricating surfaces; however,GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPM are notinfluenced by temperature to the samedegree as GAR-FIL and HPF. GAR-FILbearings have been used in lowtemperature (cryogenic) applications.

4.4 Load CapacityThe maximum unit load which can besupported by filament wound bearings willdepend upon the type of loading. It will behighest under steady loads, whereas,dynamic loads or oscillating motion, whichproduce fatigue stresses in the bearing,will result in a reduction of load capacity.The maximum unit loads specified inTable 2 assume good alignment betweenthe bearing and mating surface andrunning clearances listed in the standardproduct tables on pages 32 through 41.

The maximum static and dynamic loadsgiven in Table 2 are based on bearingshaving a wall thickness of 2.5 mm [0.100inch] or greater. Thin-walled bearings,those with a wall thickness between1.5 mm [0.060 inch] and 2.5 mm[0.100 inch] have a reduced load capacitybecause of the reduced number of filamentwound fiberglass crossovers thatconstitute the backing material. Wallthicknesses greater than 6.35 mm[0.250 inch] do not increase load capacity.

Many applications for GAR-MAX and HSGbearings involve applied loads plus thepresence of shock and impulse loading

along with additional loads due tostructural bending. As an example,hydraulic cylinder pivots or clevis jointsused in front end loaders, graders, andother types of off-highway vehicles requirethe consideration of misalignment and G-impact force. Experience gained in theapplication of GAR-MAX and HSGbearings on this type of equipment has ledus to recommend the maximum specificload (pressures) shown in Table 5. Greaterspecific loads have shown surface distressin operation since the cumulative influenceof misalignment and shock will increasethe actual specific load.

The bearing length can also influence thedistribution of load along the length of thebearing. A bearing that is heavily loadedand having a relatively long length will, dueto shaft deflection, have disproportionatelyhigh unit loading at each end. For thisreason, we do not recommend length-to-diameter ratios that are greater than 2.0.Conversely, very short bearings, those withlength-to-diameter ratios less than 0.25are not recommended because of potentialbearing retention problems.

4Data forDesigners

19

Table 5: Specific application impact loading factors

4.5 Surface VelocityGGB´s filament wound bearings canoperate over a wide range of operatingvelocities as shown in Table 2.

GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can operatewithout lubrication at speeds up to 2.5 m/s[500 ft/min] with a maximum pv value to0.3 MPa·m/s [9,000 psi·ft/min]. Thisperformance capability is due to theproprietary filled-PTFE liner. Since surfacevelocity influences the amount of heatgenerated in a plain bearing, additionalclearance may be required at higheroperating speeds. With GAR-FIL and HPFbearings, when operating over 0.25 m/s[50 ft/min], additional clearances are

required to accommodate for thermalexpansion due to the heat generated.

GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPMbearings, which have a maximum speedlimit of 0.13 m/s [25 ft/min], are moresuitable for high-load and low-speedapplications. Since most GAR-MAX, HSG,MLG and HPM bearings are designed tooperate at less than 0.05 m/s [10 ft/min],additional clearances are normally notrequired.

MEGALIFE XT thrust washers are limitedto 0.50 m/s [100 ft/min].

4.6 pv FactorThe pv factor, which is the product ofspecific load (pressure) times surfacevelocity, is used as a guide in determiningthe useful life of plain bearings and is alsoan indication of heat generated within thebearing contact zone. The maximum pvfactors listed In Table 2 are based on high-load and low-speed applications. Thecalculated unit load p, relative surfacevelocity v and operating temperature mustbe used along with the pv factor whenselecting a bearing material for a given

application. These values are thencompared against published maximumrecommended values for load, speed,temperature and pv for the bearingmaterial. For an application to besuccessful, each of the application valuesmust not exceed the published maximumrecommended values. To complete thebearing analysis, bearing life should beestimated using the method given insection 5.5.

ApplicationDesign Specific Load*

Impact [G]MPa psi

Dozer Yoke 34 5,000 3

Excavators 34 5,000 3

Back Hoes 34 5,000 3

Loader Linkage 34 5,000 3

Rollers 48 7,000 2

Bogie Wheel Pivots 48 7,000 2

Track Frame Pivots 48 7,000 2

Steer Cylinders 69 10,000 1

Control Linkage 69 10,000 1

Dump/Swing Cylinders 69 10,000 1

* Includes hydraulic check valve pressure but does not include impact, misalignment or vehicle driving force

4 Data forDesigners

20

4.7 Operating ClearancesProper running clearance is a critical factorin bearing performance. In low speedoscillating pivot applications, the minimumpossible recommended clearance can beas small as 0.013 mm [0.0005 inch] forfilament wound bearings. The shaft or pinwill fit nearly line-to-line during theassembly process. However, since little orno heat is generated during very slowoscillating operation, additional clearanceis not required. For more dynamicapplications involving continuous rotationat higher speeds or elevated ambienttemperatures, minimum clearances maybe as high as 0.005 mm/mm [0.005inch/inch] of diameter.

GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG, and HPM bearingscannot be sized or machined on their IDdue to the liner composition. However,GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can be sizedor machined for close tolerance control.Standard GAR-FIL and HPF bearings aresupplied with a 0.38 mm [0.015 inch] thickproprietary filled-PTFE tape liner that canbe bored at assembly if necessary. GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can also befurnished with a thicker liner that allows fora greater amount of boring. For furtherinformation, contact GGB.

4.8 Dimensional ConsiderationsBefore designing a special GGB filamentwound bearing, there are several importantconsiderations to keep in mind:

• Wall ThicknessBearings with wall thicknesses less than2.5 mm [0.100 inch] should be avoidedsince thin-walled bearings have reducedload capacity, approximately 50% lessthan our rated load capacity for GGBfilament wound bearings. The minimumrecommended wall thickness is 1.5 mm[0.060 inch]. Wall thicknesses greaterthan 6.35 mm [0.250 inch] do notincrease load capacity.

• ClearanceAs noted previously, the minimumrunning clearance applies only to lowspeed applications operating at ambienttemperatures. For GAR-FIL and HPFbearings operating at surface speedsgreater than 0.25 m/s [50 ft/min] or atelevated temperatures, additionalclearance may be required.

• Bearing LengthIn designing bearings, the shaft diameteris usually determined by the need forphysical stability or stiffness; therefore,only the bearing length must bedetermined based upon operatingpressure and required life. A shortbearing should be limited to a length-to-diameter ratio of 0.25 as a minimum toinsure sufficient retention in the housing.A long bearing is not recommendedbecause of potential shaft deflection andmisalignment problems as described inSection 5.7. A long heavily loadedbearing will have disproportionately highspecific loading at each end due to shaftdeflection. For this reason, we do notrecommend length-to-diameter ratiosgreater than 2.0.

4Data forDesigners

21

4.9 Shaft Material and Surface FinishSince the shaft is considered to be anequal part of the bearing assembly, theimportance of proper shaft specificationcannot be overemphasized. Most steelalloys are acceptable as shaft materials.Hardened steel shafts offer betterperformance in high load applications or inthe presence of abrasive contaminants byproviding greater protection for the matingsurface. When bearing operatingpressures exceed a value of about 14 MPa[2,000 psi], minimum shaft hardnessshould be at least Brinnel 480 HB[Rockwell C50]. Fully hardened shafts areusually not necessary. GGB filamentwound bearings offer good embeddibility inthe presence of contaminants; however,we strongly recommend the use of seals.Hardened stainless steel or hard chrome

plating is recommended when corrosionresistance is required.

Equally important as material selection isshaft surface finish. A surface finishbetween 0.15 to 0.40 µm [6 to 16 µinches]will insure the most effective bearingperformance by assuring maximumbearing wear resistance and lowestcoefficient of friction. Rougher surfacefinishes can be used but there will be areduction in bearing life. This is due to therough shaft abrading the relatively softpolymer liner of the bearings.

We recommend that the ends of the shafthave chamfers or rounded edges tofacilitate assembly and minimize thechance of scoring the bearing.

4.10Housing MaterialThe running clearances given in section 7for standard GGB filament wound bearingsare based upon installation in rigid steel orcast iron housings at normal ambienttemperature. If the housing is made fromnon-ferrous alloys, such as aluminum, andwill be subjected to elevated operatingtemperatures, there will be a potential forreduced bearing retention due to thethermal expansion of the housing. In

applications where non-ferrous alloyhousings are to be used at elevatedtemperatures, the interference betweenthe bearing and housing bore may have tobe increased to assure adequate retentionof the bearing in the housing. To preventshaft interference at assembly, the shaftdiameter must be equally reduced tocompensate for the additional interferencefit. For further information contact GGB.

4.11LubricationGGB filament wound bearings arerecommended to be used dry. However,grease can be used to protect and/or topurge the bearing zone of corrosion orcontaminants. In applications where highcyclic vibrations are present, hydrostaticerosion of liner fibers by the grease mayoccur over long periods of time. Thisshould be monitored to assure linerintegrity over the operating life of theequipment.

GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can be usedwhen submerged in oil or other lubricatingliquids. Liquidous lubricants will reduce thecoefficient of friction and bearing wear.However, the lubricant must be constantlymaintained and kept free of abrasivecontaminants. Grease is not

recommended for GAR-FIL and HPFbearings.

HPM and HPF bearings are specificallydesigned for hydropower applicationswhere they can be used both dry andsubmerged in water. We recommend thathardened stainless steel shafting, such as440 stainless steel, be used to minimizethe chance of shaft corrosion.

MEGALIFE XT washers and wear platesare typically used dry but can also be usedin greased applications.

Liquid lubricants and greases attractcontaminating particles that may migrateinto the bearing. To minimize bearingcontamination, the use of seals or wipers ishighly recommended.

5 Performance

22

5 PerformanceThe following section describes how toestimate bearing life for GGB filamentwound bearings. This method involvescalculation of the pv factor which is thenfurther modified by application factors for

unit loading, bearing length, operatingtemperature, mating surface and bearingdiameter. If you need additional assistancein estimating bearing life, feel free tocontact GGB.

5.1 Design FactorsThe main parameters when determiningthe size or estimating the service life for aGGB filament wound bearing are:

• Specific load limit, plim• pv factor• Length-to-diameter ratio• Mating surface finish

• Mating surface material• Temperature• Other environmental factors, e.g.,

housing design, dirt, lubrication

5.2 Specific Load, pThe formula for calculating the specificload, p, for bearings is:

Bearing

Fig. 6: Projected area for bearing

Where

p Specific load, [MPa] or [psi]

F Applied load [Newtons] or [pounds]

Di Nominal ID, [mm] or [inches]

B Bearing length, [mm] or [inches]

p FDi B⋅------------=

(5.2.1) [MPa] or [psi]

BDi

Projected AreaA = Di x B

5Performance

23

5.3 Sliding Speed, vThe formulae for calculating sliding speedare:

Bearings or

For oscillating applications

Fig. 7: Oscillating cycle, ϕ

5.4 pv FactorThe useful life of a GGB filament woundbearing is governed by the pv factor, theproduct of the specific load, p, and thesliding speed, p, as defined in 5.2 and 5.3respectively.

The formula for calculating pv is:

vDi π n⋅ ⋅

60 103⋅

-------------------=

(5.3.1) [m/s]

vDi π n⋅ ⋅

12-----------------=

(5.3.2) [ft/min]

Where

v Sliding speed, [m/s] or [ft/min]

n Rotational speed, [1/min]

Where

nosc Oscillating movement frequency, [1/min]

ϕ Angular displacement, [°]

n4 ϕ nosc⋅ ⋅

360------------------------=

(5.3.3) [1/min] ϕ ϕ

412 3

pv p v⋅=

(5.4.1) [MPa·m/s] or [psi·ft/min]

5 Performance

24

5.5 Estimating Bearing Life

Cyclic Bearing Life, LQThe cyclic bearing life of a GGB filamentwound sleeve bearing is estimated byusing the following formulae:

GAR-MAX and HSG

MLG

GAR-FIL

Table 6: Cyclic Life Factors

High Load Factor, aEThe high load factor considers both theeffect of the specific load and the bearing'sB/Di (length-to-diameter) ratio. Table 7shows the specific load limit, Plim, forvarious operating conditions. Fig. 8 showsa graph of the length factor, aB/Di, versus

B/Di. Once the values for Plim and aB/Di areselected, the high load factor, aE, can becalculated as shown. If the calculated aEvalue is negative, then the designer mustconsider a larger bearing in order toreduce the specific load, P.

LQQGM

pv------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=

(5.5.1) [cycles]

LQQMLG

pv---------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=

(5.5.2) [cycles]

LQQGFpv

------------ aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=

(5.5.3) [cycles]

Where

LQ Estimated bearing life, [cycles]

QGFGAR-FIL cyclic life factor,see Table 6

QGMGAR-MAX and HSG cyclic life factor, seeTable 6

QMLGMLG cyclic life factor,see Table 6

pv pv factor, p⋅v, [MPa·m/s] or [psi·ft/min]

aE High load factor

aT Temperature factor

aM Mating surface factor

aS Surface finish factor

aB Bearing size factor

Product FactorCyclic Life Factors

MPa·m/s psi·ft/min

GAR-MAX QGM 3.8·106 11.0·1010

HSG QGM 3.8·106 11.0·1010

MLG QMLG 1.4·106 4.0·1010

GAR-FIL QGF 2.4·106 7.0·1010

aEplim p–

plim-----------------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞aB Di⁄

=

(5.5.4) Where

plimSpecific load limit,see Table 7, [MPa] or [psi]

p Specific load, [MPa] or [psi]

aB/Di B/Di factor taken from Fig. 8

5Performance

25

Table 7: Specific load limit, plim

Fig. 8: B/Di factor aB/Di

Type of Load

Fig. 9: Steady load, Bush stationary, Shaftrotating

Fig. 10: Rotating load, shaft stationary, bushrotating

Type of loading Units

Specific Load Limit plim

GAR-MAX, HSG,MLG

GAR-FIL

Steady unidirectional loads relative to thebearing surface with rotation in one direc-tion only.

MPa 138 138

psi 20,000 20,000

Steady unidirectional loads with oscillatingmotion.

MPa 138 138

psi 20,000 20,000

Dynamic loads, alternating or fluctuating,with rotating or oscillating motion.

MPa 103 103

psi 15,000 15,000

Rotating load relative to bearing surface,e.g., fully rotational bearing on stationaryshaft.

MPa 55 (<0.025 m/s) 14 (<0.125 m/s)

psi 8,000 (<5 ft/min) 2,000 (<25 ft/min)

1.00

0.00 0.25

1.10

1.30

1.20

B/Di ratio

B/D

iFac

tor

(aB

/Di)

1.15

1.05

1.25

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

0.95

F2---

F2---

F F2---

F2---

F

5 Performance

26

Temperature Factor - aTThe effect of environmental temperatureon the bearing life is given in Fig. 11.Elevated temperatures tend to soften thenon-metallic bearing surface resulting inreduced wear resistance and loadcapacity. Since the bearing surface ofGAR-FIL consists of a proprietary filled

PTFE material, bearing life will beinfluenced by temperature to a greaterdegree than GAR-MAX, HSG and MLG.When the operating temperatureapproaches the top limit of 205 °C [400 °F]for GAR-FIL or 163 °C [325 °F] for GAR-MAX, HSG and MLG, contact GGB.

Fig. 11: Temperature factor aT

Mating Material Factor - aMThe effect of shaft material on self-lubricating bearing life is reflected inTable 8 which lists the mating surfacematerial factors, aM, for many commonlyused shaft materials and shaft finishes.

When plated shafting is to be used,designers should specify that the platingpossesses adequate strength andadhesion.

Table 8: Mating Surface Factor aM

Temperature [°C]

Tem

pera

ture

Fac

tor

(aT)

Temperature [°F]

GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG

GAR-FIL

-25

0

25 75 100

0.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.2

1.0

125 150 175500 225200

0 100 200 250 300 350 40015050

Material Mating Surface Factor aM

Steels

Case-hardened Steel 1

Mild Steel 1

Nitrided Steel 1

Hardened Stainless Steel 1.2

Non-Ferrous Metals

Bronze & Copper Based Alloys 0.1-0.4

Hard Anodized Aluminium, 0.025 mm(0.001 inch) thick

1.5

Plated Steel, 0.013 mm (0.0005 inch) minimum plating thickness

Hard Chrome (polished after plating) 1.2

Tin Nickel 1.2

Tungsten Carbide Flame Plated 1.5

Zinc (Galvanized) 0.2

5Performance

27

Mating Surface Factor - aSShaft surface finish is a very importantconsideration when estimating bearing life.Fig. 12 shows a relationship of the matingsurface factor, aS, with respect to surfacefinish in micrometers [microinches]. Tomaximize bearing life, a surface finish of0.15 to 0.40 µm [6 to 16 µinch] Ra isrecommended. Rougher surface finisheswill result in reduced bearing life becausethey will tend to rake through the soft

polymer liners and accelerate wear. On theother hand, very fine finishes do not permitthe adequate transfer of the self-lubricatingmaterial onto the shaft surface and willalso tend to reduce bearing life in dryapplications. If rougher finishes are to beconsidered, testing should be conductedbased on dynamics and operatingpressures for the application.

Fig. 12: Mating Surface Factor aS

Bearing Size Factor - aBAs the bearing size increases there is arelatively smaller angular contact areaafter initial bedding-in occurs. Thisreduction in contact area has the effect of

increasing the actual unit loading andconsequently will result in reducing bearinglife. The bearing size factor aB versus shaftdiameter is plotted in Fig. 14.

Fig. 13: Contact area between bearing and shaft

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.80.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.20 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Surface Finish [µm]

Surface Finish [µinch]

Sur

face

Fin

ish

Fac

tor

a s GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG

GAR-FIL

5 Performance

28

Fig. 14: Bearing Size Factor aB

Shaft Diameter [mm]

Bea

ring

Siz

eF

acto

r(a

B)

0.6

0 25

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.7

1.1

50 75 100 125 150 175 200

0.5

Shaft Diameter [inches]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

5Performance

29

5.6 Worked ExamplesGAR-MAX®

GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di 2.25 inch

Shaft oscillating Length, B 2.00 inchShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = 20 µinch Bearing Load, F 60,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 72 °F Frequency, nosc 15 cycles/min

Amplitude, φ 20°

Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, p 20,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di 1.0 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT 1.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM 1.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS 0.9 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.96 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGM 11·1010 psi·ft/min (Table 6, Page 24)

Calculation Reference ValueSpecific Load, p[MPa] or [psi]

(5.2.1),Page 22

Sliding Speed, v[m/s] or [ft/min]

(5.3.1),Page 23

pv Factor, pv[MPa·m/s] or[psi·ft/min]

(5.4.1),Page 23

High Load Factor, aE (5.5.4),Page 24

Life, LQ[cycles]

(5.5.1),Page 24

BDi----- 2 00,

2 25,------------ 0 89,= =2.00

2.25 0.89

p FDi B⋅------------ 60 000,

2.25 2.00⋅-------------------------- 13,333 psi= = =

vDi π n⋅ ⋅

12------------------ 2.25 π 3.333⋅ ⋅

12------------------------------------ 1.96 ft/min= = = n

4 φ nosc⋅ ⋅360

------------------------ 3.333 rpm= =

pv p v⋅ 13,333 1.96⋅ 26,133 psi ft/min⋅= = =

aEplim p–

plim----------------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞aB Di⁄ 20,000 13,333–

20,000-----------------------------------------⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞1.250.333= = =

LQQGMpv

------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= 11 1010⋅

26,133---------------------- 0.333 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.96 1.2 10

6⋅=⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= cycles

GAR-FIL®

GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di 40 mm

Shaft oscillating Length, B 20 mmShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = 0.2 µm Bearing Load, F 50,000 NewtonsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 75 °C Frequency, nosc 10 cycles/min

Amplitude, φ 30°

Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, p 138 MPa (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di 1.05 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT 0.9 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM 1.2 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS 1.0 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.98 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGF 2.4·I06 N/mm²·m/s (Table 6, Page 24)


(5.2.1),Page 22


(5.3.1),Page 23


(5.4.1),Page 23


Life, LQ[cycles]

(5.5.1),Page 24

BDi----- 20

40------ 0 89,= = 0.5

p FDi B⋅------------ 50 000,

40 20⋅------------------ 62.5 MPa= = =

vDi π n⋅ ⋅

60 103⋅

------------------- 40 π 3.333⋅ ⋅

60 103⋅

------------------------------ 0.007 m/s= = = n4 φ nosc⋅ ⋅

360------------------------ 3.333 m/s= =

pv p v⋅ 62,5 0.007⋅ 0.438 MPa ft/min⋅= = =

aEplim p–

plim----------------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞aB Di⁄ 138 62,5–

138--------------------------⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞1.050.531= = =

LQQGFpv

----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= 2,4 106⋅

0.438-------------------- 0.531 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.98 3.1 10

6⋅=⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= cycles

5 Performance

30

HSG™

GivenLoad Details Dynamic Loads Inside Diameter, Di 6.00 inch

Shaft oscillating Length, B 4.00 inchShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = I6 µinch Bearing Load, F 180,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 72 °F Frequency, nosc 6 cycles/min

Amplitude, φ 15°

Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, p 15,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di 1.02 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT 1.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM 1.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS 1.0 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.85 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGM 11·1010 psi·ft/min (Table 6, Page 24)


(5.2.1),Page 22


(5.3.1),Page 23


(5.4.1),Page 23


Life, LQ[cycles]

(5.5.1),Page 24

BDi----- 2 00,

2 25,------------ 0 89,= =4.006.00 0.67

p FDi B⋅------------ 180,000

6 4⋅--------------------- 7,500 psi= = =

vDi π n⋅ ⋅

12------------------ 6 π 1⋅ ⋅

12--------------- 1.571 ft/min= = = n

4 φ nosc⋅ ⋅360

------------------------ 1 rpm= =

pv p v⋅ 7 500, 1,571⋅ 11,783 psi ft/min⋅= = =

aEplim p–

plim----------------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞aB Di⁄ 15,000 7 500,–

15,000--------------------------------------⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞1.020.493= = =

LQQGMpv

------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= 11 1010⋅

11,783---------------------- 0.493 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.85 3.9 10

6⋅=⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= cycles

MLG™

GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di 1.25 inch

Shaft oscillating Length, B 2.50 inchShaft Mild Steel, Ra = 32 µinch Bearing Load, F 40,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 120 °F Frequency, nosc 20 cycles/min

Amplitude, φ 30°

Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, p 20,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di 1.25 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT 1.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM 1.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS 0.6 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.99 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QMLG 4·1010 psi·ft/min (Table 6, Page 24)


(5.2.1),Page 22


(5.3.1),Page 23


(5.4.1),Page 23


Life, LQ[cycles]

(5.5.1),Page 24

BDi----- 2 00,

2 25,------------ 0 89,= =2.50

1.252.0

p FDi B⋅------------ 40 000,

1.25 2.50⋅-------------------------- 12,800 psi= = =

vDi π n⋅ ⋅

12------------------ 1.25 π 6.667⋅ ⋅

12------------------------------------ 1.571 ft/min= = = n

4 φ nosc⋅ ⋅360

------------------------ 6.667 rpm= =

pv p v⋅ 12,800 2.182⋅ 27,930 psi ft/min⋅= = =

aEplim p–

plim----------------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞aB Di⁄ 20,000 12,800–

15,000-----------------------------------------⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞1.250.279= = =

LQQMLG

pv---------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= 4 10

10⋅27,930------------------ 0.279 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.99 2.3 10

5⋅=⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= cycles

5Performance

31

5.7 MisalignmentBearings operating with proper shaftalignment are uniformly loaded along theirlength as shown in Fig. 15. In the right sideof Fig. 15 is a top view of the contact area.Shaft misalignment reduces the contactarea and shifts the bearing pressuredistribution to one end of the bearing, asillustrated in Fig. 16. With substantial

misalignment the contact area reduces toa parabolic shape as shown in Fig. 17. Theconcentrated edge pressure due to theexcessive misalignment can cause bearingfailure. When the edge pressure producesstresses that approach or exceed thecompressive strength of the material,fracture may occur.

Fig. 15: Properly aligned shaft

Fig. 16: Slight misalignment

Fig. 17: Substantial misalignment

If it is known from experience thatmisalignment and/or shaft deflections areminimal, less than 0.2 %, (0.002 mm/mmof length [0.002 inch/inch of length]), forhighly loaded, very low speed applications,then the following misalignmentconsiderations can be ignored.

Misalignment tests were conducted onGAR-MAX bearings to determine themaximum edge stresses that may occurunder varying amounts of misalignment.Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 show the relationshipof the calculated edge stress, Sm, relative

to the applied unit load, P, for two levels ofmisalignment (0.6% and 1.0%) and twolength-to-diameter ratios (B/Di = 0.5 andB/Di = 1.0). For static loading, or staticcombined with shock loading, if the edgestress, Sm, exceeds the acceptablemaximum of 345 MPa [50,000 psi] forGAR-MAX and MLG or 517 MPa[75,000 psi] for HSG, then a redesign ofthe bearing is required.

GAR-FIL is not recommended forapplications when significant misalignmentis anticipated.

Uniformly distributedpressure P

Contact areaor footprint

Load F

BearingBearing

center line

Shaftcenter line

Bearinglength B

Risingpressure

distribution

Reduced linearcontact

Shaftcenter line

Shaftangle

Unified pressure P´>uniform pressure, P

Sm

Parabolic contact

Shaftangle

Sm

P´>P

5 Performance

32

Fig. 18: Edge Stress for 0.6% Misalignment

Fig. 19: Edge Stress for 1.0% Misalignment

Specific Load [MPa]

Edg

eS

tres

s,S

m[M

Pa]

Specific Load [psi]

B/Di = 1.0

B/Di = 0.5

0

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

Edg

eS

tres

s,S

m[p

si]

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

GAR-MAX6.35 mm [0.250 inch] wall thickness

Specific Load [MPa]

Edg

eS

tres

s,S

m[M

Pa]

Specific Load [psi]

B/Di = 1.0

B/Di = 0.5

0

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

Edg

eS

tres

s,S

m[p

si]

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

GAR-MAX6.35 mm [0.250 inch] wall thickness

6Installation andMachining

33

6 Installation and Machining

6.1 InstallationThe retention of GGB filament woundbearings in metal housings is excellent dueto the high material stiffness and a thermalexpansion rate similar to steel. The pressfits used for bronze bearings are adequatefor filament wound bearings in most cases.

The bearing will close in by an amountequal to the measure of interference withthe housing. This close-in must beconsidered when calculating the installedbore and corresponding shaft diameter.

Fig. 20: Fitting of bearings

6.2 Machining

LengthAbrasive cut-off wheels produce the bestresults when cutting lengths of GGBfilament wound bearings. When using alathe to cut off lengths, we recommendusing a carbide tool due to the abrasive

nature of the fiberglass/epoxy outer shell.Water mist or exhaust dust collectorsshould be used to minimize dust in thework area.

Outer DiameterGrinding is the preferred method of alteringthe OD; however, carbide lathe tools canalso be used.

Inner DiameterOnly GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can besized on the ID. We recommend specifying0.76 mm [0.030 inch] or thicker tape linerwhen ordering bearings that will be bored.When lathe boring a GAR-FIL or HPF

bearing you should first install the bearinginto a rigid housing and bore using highspeed and low feed rate. GAR-FIL andHPF bearings can also be reamed andbroached.

DeburringEmery cloth is effective in removing burrsfrom the OD of GGB filament woundbearings. To remove frayed fibers from theID of GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPM

bearings, a small hand held grinder ispreferred. The ID of GAR-FIL or HPFbearings can be deburred by a sharpcutting tool or emery cloth.

DrillingCarbide drills should be used for drillingGGB filament wound bearings. Whendrilling GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPMbearings, the ID must be supported with amandrel, and a flat tipped drill or end millshould be used.

Housing

1.5 mm[0.060 inch]

Nominal bearing lengthminus 1 mm [0.04 inch]

Arbor

Pilot dia. = Nominal bearingbore dia. minus 0.38/0.64 mm [0.015/0.025 inch]

15°-20°

7 StandardProducts

34

7 Standard Products

7.1 GF, GM, HSG, MLG (inch sizes)

1/8“ wall series

To order, specify bearing material prefixand size number plus suffix for desiredlength (in multiples of 1/16").

e.g. GM2428-032 is a 1.5" ID x 1.75" OD x2" long GAR-MAX bearing.

B

Do

Di

Length tolerance tableB

<3 inch ≥3 to<6 inch ≥6 inch

Di<3 inch ±0.010 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch

≥3 to<6 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch

Bearing PartNumber Nominal

SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo

Recommended SizesRunning

ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG,MLG

Shaft Dia.DJ

HousingDia.DH

0812-xxx 1/2 x 3/40.50400.5070

0.75350.7515

0.50000.4995

0.75000.7505

0.00050.0065

1014-xxx 5/8 x 7/80.62900.6320

0.87850.8765

0.62500.6245

0.87500.8755

0.00050.0065

1216-xxx 3/4 x 10.75400.7570

1.00351.0015

0.75000.7495

1.00001.0005

0.00050.0065

1418-xxx 7/8 x 11/80.87900.8820

1.12851.1265

0.87500.8745

1.12501.1255

0.00050.0065

1620-xxx 1 x 11/41.00401.0070

1.25351.2515

1.00000.9995

1.25001.2505

0.00050.0065

1822-xxx 11/8 x 13/81.12901.1320

1.37851.3765

1.12501.1245

1.37501.3755

0.00050.0065

2024-xxx 11/4 x 11/21.25401.2570

1.50351.5015

1.25001.2495

1.50001.5005

0.00050.0065

2226-xxx 13/8 x 15/81.37901.3820

1.62851.6265

1.37501.3745

1.62501.6255

0.00050.0065

2428-xxx 11/2 x 13/41.50401.5070

1.75351.7515

1.50001.4995

1.75001.7505

0.00050.0065

2630-xxx 15/8 x 17/81.62901.6320

1.87851.8765

1.62501.6245

1.87501.8755

0.00050.0065

2832-xxx 13/4 x 21.75501.7580

2.00352.0015

1.75001.7495

2.00002.0005

0.00150.0075

3034-xxx 17/8 x 21/81.88001.8830

2.12852.1265

1.87501.8745

2.12502.1255

0.00150.0075

3236-xxx 2 x 21/42.00552.0095

2.25452.2525

2.00001.9995

2.25002.2510

0.00100.0085

3438-xxx 21/8 x 23/82.13052.1345

2.37952.3775

2.12502.1245

2.37502.3760

0.00100.0085

3640-xxx 21/4 x 21/22.25552.2595

2.50452.5025

2.25002.2495

2.50002.5010

0.00100.0085

3842-xxx 23/8 x 25/82.38052.3845

2.62952.6275

2.37502.3740

2.62502.6260

0.00100.0090

4044-xxx 21/2 x 23/42.50602.5100

2.75452.7525

2.50002.4990

2.75002.7510

0.00150.0095

7StandardProducts

35

All Dimensions in Inches. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.

4448-xxx 23/4 x 32.75602.7600

3.00503.0030

2.75002.7490

3.00003.0015

0.00100.0095

4852-xxx 3 x 31/43.00653.0105

3.25503.2530

3.00002.9990

3.25003.2515

0.00150.0100

5256-xxx 31/4 x 31/23.25653.2605

3.50553.5035

3.25003.2490

3.50003.5020

0.00100.0100

5660-xxx 31/2 x 33/43.50653.5105

3.75553.7535

3.50003.4990

3.75003.7520

0.00100.0100

6064-xxx 33/4 x 43.75653.7605

4.00554.0035

3.75003.7490

4.00004.0020

0.00100.0100

6468-xxx 4 x 41/44.00904.0140

4.25704.2540

4.00003.9990

4.25004.2520

0.00200.0130

6872-xxx 41/4 x 41/24.25904.2640

4.50704.5040

4.25004.2490

4.50004.5020

0.00200.0130

7276-xxx 41/2 x 43/44.50904.5140

4.75704.7540

4.50004.4990

4.75004.7520

0.00200.0130

7680-xxx 43/4 x 54.75904.7640

5.00705.0040

4.75004.7490

5.00005.0020

0.00200.0130

8084-xxx 5 x 51/45.00905.0140

5.25705.2540

5.00004.9990

5.25005.2520

0.00200.0130

8488-xxx 51/4 x 51/25.25905.2640

5.50705.5040

5.25005.2490

5.50005.5020

0.00200.0130

8892-xxx 51/2 x 53/45.50905.5140

5.75705.7540

5.50005.4990

5.75005.7520

0.00200.0130

9296-xxx 53/4 x 65.75905.7640

6.00706.0040

5.75005.7490

6.00006.0020

0.00200.0130

96100-xxx 6 x 61/46.01206.0180

6.25906.2550

6.00005.9985

6.25006.2520

0.00300.0165


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG,MLG

Shaft Dia.DJ

HousingDia.DH

7 StandardProducts

36

GF, GM, HSG, MLG (inch sizes)

1/4“ wall series

To order, specify bearing material prefixand size number plus suffix for desiredlength (in multiples of 1/16").

e.g. GM2432-032 is a 1.5" ID x 2" OD x 2"long GAR-MAX bearing.

B

Do

Di


<3 inch ≥3 to<6 inch ≥6 inch

Di<3 inch ±0.010 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch

≥3 to<6 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG,MLG

Shaft Dia.DJ

HousingDia.DH

0816-xxx 1/2 x 10.50400.5070

1.00351.0015

0.50000.4995

1.00001.0005

0.00050.0065

1018-xxx 5/8 x 11/80.62900.6320

1.12851.1265

0.62500.6245

1.12501.1255

0.00050.0065

1220-xxx 3/4 x 11/40.75400.7570

1.25351.2515

0.75000.7495

1.25001.2505

0.00050.0065

1422-xxx 7/8 x 13/80.87900.8820

1.37851.3765

0.87500.8745

1.37501.3755

0.00050.0065

1624-xxx 1 x 11/21.00401.0070

1.50351.5015

1.00000.9995

1.50001.5005

0.00050.0065

1826-xxx 11/8 x 15/81.12901.1320

1.62851.6265

1.12501.1245

1.62501.6255

0.00050.0065

2028-xxx 11/4 x 13/41.25401.2570

1.75351.7515

1.25001.2495

1.75001.7505

0.00050.0065

2230-xxx 13/8 x 17/81.37901.3820

1.87851.8765

1.37501.3745

1.87501.8755

0.00050.0065

2432-xxx 11/2 x 21.50401.5070

2.00352.0015

1.50001.4995

2.00002.0005

0.00050.0065

2634-xxx 15/8 x 21/81.62901.6320

2.12852.1265

1.62501.6245

2.12502.1255

0.00050.0065

2836-xxx 13/4 x 21/41.75501.7580

2.25452.2525

1.75001.7495

2.25002.2510

0.00050.0070

3038-xxx 17/8 x 23/81.88001.8830

2.37952.3775

1.87501.8745

2.37502.3760

0.00050.0070

3240-xxx 2 x 21/22.00552.0095

2.50452.5025

2.00001.9995

2.50002.5010

0.00100.0085

3442-xxx 21/8 x 25/82.13052.1345

2.62952.6275

2.12502.1245

2.62502.6260

0.00100.0085

3644-xxx 21/4 x 23/42.25552.2595

2.75452.7525

2.25002.2495

2.75002.7510

0.00100.0085

3846-xxx 23/8 x 27/82.38052.3845

2.87952.8775

2.37502.3740

2.87502.8760

0.00100.0090

4048-xxx 21/2 x 32.50602.5100

3.00503.0030

2.50002.4990

3.00003.0015

0.00100.0095

4452-xxx 23/4 x 31/42.75602.7600

3.25503.2530

2.75002.7490

3.25003.2515

0.00100.0095

7StandardProducts

37


4856-xxx 3 x 31/23.00653.0105

3.50553.5035

3.00002.9990

3.50003.5020

0.00100.0100

5260-xxx 31/4 x 33/43.25653.2605

3.75553.7535

3.25003.2490

3.75003.7520

0.00100.0100

5664-xxx 31/2 x 43.50653.5105

4.00554.0035

3.50003.4990

4.00004.0020

0.00100.0100

6068-xxx 33/4 x 41/43.75653.7605

4.25554.2535

3.75003.7490

4.25004.2520

0.00100.0100

6472-xxx 4 x 41/24.00904.0140

4.50704.5040

4.00003.9990

4.50004.5020

0.00200.0130

6876-xxx 41/4 x 43/44.25904.2640

4.75704.7540

4.25004.2490

4.75004.7520

0.00200.0130

7280-xxx 41/2 x 54.50904.5140

5.00705.0040

4.50004.4990

5.00005.0020

0.00200.0130

7684-xxx 43/4 x 51/44.75904.7640

5.25705.2540

4.75004.7490

5.25005.2520

0.00200.0130

8088-xxx 5 x 51/25.00905.0140

5.50705.5040

5.00004.9990

5.50005.5020

0.00200.0130

8492-xxx 51/4 x 53/45.25905.2640

5.75705.7540

5.25005.2490

5.75005.7520

0.00200.0130

8896-xxx 51/2 x 65.50905.5140

6.00706.0040

5.50005.4990

6.00006.0020

0.00200.0130

92100-xxx 53/4 x 61/45.75905.7640

6.25706.2540

5.75005.7490

6.25006.2520

0.00200.0013

96104-xxx 6 x 61/26.01206.0180

6.50906.5050

6.00005.9985

6.50006.5020

0.00300.0165


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG,MLG

Shaft Dia.DJ

HousingDia.DH

7 StandardProducts

38

7.2 GF, GM, HSG, MLG (metric sizes)

2.5 mm wall series

To order, specify bearing ID, OD andlength size number (in millimeters) plusmaterial suffix.

e.g. 253020GM is a 25 mm ID x 30 mmOD x 20 mm long GAR-MAX bearing.

B

Do

Di


<75 mm ≥75 to <150 mm ≥150 mm

Di<75 mm -0.50 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm

≥75 to <150 mm -1.00 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG,MLG

Shaft Dia.[h8]DJ

HousingDia. [H7]

DH

1217xx 12 x 17 12.11012.190

17.09017.040

12.00011.973

17.00017.018

0.0200.195

1520xx 15 x 20 15.11015.190

20.09020.040

15.00014.973

20.00020.021

0.0200.198

1621xx 16 x 21 16.11016.190

21.09021.040

16.00015.973

21.00021.021

0.0200.198

1823xx 18 x 23 18.11018.190

23.09023.040

18.00017.973

23.00023.021

0.0200.198

2025xx 20 x 25 20.11020.190

25.09025.040

20.00019.967

25.00025.021

0.0200.204

2227xx 22 x 27 22.11022.190

27.09027.040

22.00021.967

27.00027.021

0.0200.204

2530xx 25 x 30 25.11025.190

30.09030.040

25.00024.967

30.00030.021

0.0200.204

2833xx 28 x 33 28.11528.195

33.09533.045

28.00027.967

33.00033.025

0.0200.208

3035xx 30 x 35 30.11530.195

35.09535.045

30.00029.967

35.00035.025

0.0200.208

3540xx 35 x 40 35.11535.195

40.09540.045

35.00034.961

40.00040.025

0.0200.214

4045xx 40 x 45 40.11540.195

45.09545.045

40.00039.961

45.00045.025

0.0200.214

4550xx 45 x 50 45.12545.225

50.10050.050

45.00044.961

50.00050.025

0.0250.239

5055xx 50 x 55 50.12550.225

55.10055.055

50.00049.961

55.00055.030

0.0250.239

5560xx 55 x 60 55.14055.240

60.11560.065

55.00054.954

60.00060.030

0.0250.251

6065xx 60 x 65 60.14060.240

65.11565.065

60.00059.954

65.00065.030

0.0250.251

6570xx 65 x 70 65.14065.240

70.11570.065

65.00064.954

70.00070.030

0.0250.251

7075xx 70 x 75 70.14570.245

75.11575.065

70.00069.954

75.00075.030

0.0300.256

7580xx 75 x 80 75.16575.265

80.12580.070

75.00074.954

80.00080.030

0.0400.271

7StandardProducts

39

All Dimensions in Millimeters. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.

8085xx 80 x 85 80.16580.265

85.12585.075

80.00079.954

85.00085.035

0.0400.271

8590xx 85 x 90 85.16585.265

90.12590.075

85.00084.946

90.00090.035

0.0400.279

9095xx 90 x 95 90.17590.275

95.13595.085

90.00089.946

95.00095.035

0.0400.279

95100xx 95 x 100 95.17595.300

100.135100.085

95.00094.946

100.000100.035

0.0400.304

100105xx 100 x 105 100.175100.300

105.135105.085

100.00099.946

105.000105.035

0.0400.304

110115xx 110 x 115 110.175110.300

115.135115.080

110.000109.946

115.000115.035

0.0400.309

120125xx 120 x 125 120.205120.330

125.165125.105

120.000119.946

125.000125.040

0.0400.319

130135xx 130 x 135 130.205130.330

135.165135.090

130.000129.937

135.000135.040

0.0400.343

140145xx 140 x 145 140.205140.330

145.165145.090

140.000139.937

145.000145.040

0.0400.343

150155xx 150 x 155 150.205150.330

155.165155.090

150.000149.937

155.000155.040

0.0400.343


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG,MLG

Shaft Dia.[h8]DJ

HousingDia. [H7]

DH

7 StandardProducts

40

GF, GM, HSG, MLG (metric sizes)

5 mm wall series

To order, specify bearing ID, OD andlength size number (in millimeters) plusmaterial suffix.

e.g. 253520GM is a 25 mm ID x 35 mmOD x 20 mm long GAR-MAX bearing.

B

Do

Di


<75 mm ≥75 to <150 mm ≥150 mm

Di<75 mm -0.50 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm

≥75 to <150 mm -1.00 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM,HSG, MLG

Shaft Dia.[h8]DJ

HousingDia. [H7]

DH

1222xx 12 x 22 12.11012.190

22.09022.040

12.00011.973

22.00022.021

0.0200.198

1525xx 15 x 25 15.11015.190

25.09025.040

15.00014.973

25.00025.021

0.0200.198

1626xx 16 x 26 16.11016.190

26.09026.040

16.00015.973

26.00026.021

0.0200.198

1828xx 18 x 28 18.11018.190

28.09028.040

18.00017.973

28.00028.021

0.0200.198

2030xx 20 x 30 20.11020.190

30.09030.040

20.00019.967

30.00030.021

0.0200.204

2232xx 22 x 32 22.11522.195

32.09532.045

22.00021.967

32.00032.025

0.0200.208

2535xx 25 x 35 25.11525.195

35.09535.045

25.00024.967

35.00035.025

0.0200.208

2838xx 28 x 38 28.11528.195

38.09538.045

28.00027.967

38.00038.025

0.0200.208

3040xx 30 x 40 30.11530.195

40.09540.045

30.00029.967

40.00040.025

0.0200.208

3545xx 35 x 45 35.11535.195

45.09545.045

35.00034.961

45.00045.025

0.0200.214

4050xx 40 x 50 40.11540.195

50.09550.045

40.00039.961

50.00050.025

0.0200.214

4555xx 45 x 55 45.13045.230

55.10555.055

45.00044.961

55.00055.030

0.0250.244

5060xx 50 x 60 50.13050.230

60.10560.055

50.00049.961

60.00060.030

0.0250.244

5565xx 55 x 65 55.14055.240

65.11565.065

55.00054.954

65.00065.030

0.0250.251

6070xx 60 x 70 60.14060.240

70.11570.065

60.00059.954

70.00070.030

0.0250.251

6575xx 65 x 75 65.14065.240

75.11575.065

65.00064.954

75.00075.030

0.0250.251

7080xx 70 x 80 70.14570.245

80.11580.065

70.00069.954

80.00080.030

0.0300.256

7585xx 75 x 85 75.16575.265

85.12585.075

75.00074.954

85.00085.035

0.0400.271

7StandardProducts

41

All Dimensions in Millimeters. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.

8090xx 80 x 90 80.16580.265

90.12590.075

80.00079.954

90.00090.035

0.0400.271

8595xx 85 x 95 85.16585.265

95.12595.075

85.00084.946

95.00095.035

0.0400.279

90100xx 90 x 100 90.17590.275

100.135100.085

90.00089.946

100.000100.035

0.0400.279

95105xx 95 x 105 95.17595.300

105.135105.085

95.00094.946

105.000105.035

0.0400.304

100110xx 100 x 110 100.175100.300

110.135110.085

100.00099.946

110.000110.035

0.0400.304

110120xx 110 x 120 110.175110.300

120.135120.085

110.000109.946

120.000120.035

0.0400.304

120130xx 120 x 130 120.205120.330

130.165130.090

120.000119.946

130.000130.040

0.0400.334

130140xx 130 x 140 130.205130.330

140.165140.090

130.000129.937

140.000140.040

0.0400.343

140150xx 140 x 150 140.205140.330

150.165150.090

140.000139.937

150.000150.040

0.0400.343

150160xx 150 x 160 150.205150.330

160.165160.090

150.000149.937

160.000160.040

0.0400.343


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM,HSG, MLG

Shaft Dia.[h8]DJ

HousingDia. [H7]

DH

7 StandardProducts

42

7.3 MEGALIFE XT, Thrust Bearings, Inch sizesTo order, specify MWXT size number plussuffix for desired thickness (062, 080,125).

e.g. MWXT1632-080 is a 1" ID x 2" OD x0.080" thick MEGALIFE XT thrust bearing.


Part NumberNominal Size

ID x ODNominal

Thickness

MWXT0816-xxx 1/2 x 1 0.062, 0.080

MWXT1020-xxx 5/8 x 11/4 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT1224-xxx 3/4 x 11/2 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT1428-xxx 7/8 x 13/4 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT1632-xxx 1 x 2 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT1834-xxx 11/8 x 21/8 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2036-xxx 11/4 x 21/4 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2238-xxx 13/8 x 23/8 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2440-xxx 11/2 x 21/2 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2642-xxx 15/8 x 25/8 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2844-xxx 13/4 x 23/4 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT3248-xxx 2 x 3 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT3652-xxx 21/4 x 31/4 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT4060-xxx 21/2 x 33/4 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT4464-xxx 23/4 x 4 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT4872-xxx 3 x 41/2 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

7StandardProducts

43

7.4 MEGALIFE XT, Thrust Bearings, Metric sizesTo order, specify MWXTM size numberplus suffix for desired thickness (15; 20;30).

e.g. MWXTM2244-20 is a 22 mm ID x44 mm OD x 2 mm thick MEGALIFE XTthrust bearing.

All Dimensions in Millimeters.

Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.

Part NumberNominal Size

ID x ODNominal

Thickness

MWXTM1224-xx 12 x 24 1.5, 2.0 mm

MWXTM1530-xx 15 x 30 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM1836-xx 18 x 36 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM2040-xx 20 x 40 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM2244-xx 22 x 44 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM2550-xx 25 x 50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM3055-xx 30 x 55 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM3560-xx 35 x 60 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM4065-xx 40 x 65 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM4570-xx 45 x 70 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM5075-xx 50 x 75 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM5580-xx 55 x 80 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM6085-xx 60 x 85 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM6595-xx 65 x 95 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM70100-xx 70 x 100 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM75115-xx 75 x 115 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

8 Data Sheet forbearing design

44

8 Data Sheet for bearing designCompany:

Project:

Application:

Date:

Contact name:

Tel.:

Fax:

Email:

Quantity

Existing Design New Design Drawing attached YES NO

Annual

Dimensions in mm

Inside Diameter Di

Length B

Outside Diameter Do

Flange Diameter Dfl

Flange Thickness Sfl

Length of slideplate L

Width of slideplate W

Thickness of slideplate Ss

Radial load F [N]

Axial load F [N]

Oscillating frequency nosz [1/min]

Rotational speed N [1/min]

Speed v [m/s]

Length of Stroke Ls [mm]

Frequency of Stroke [1/min]

Angular displacement ϕ [°]

Continuous operation [h]

Load

Service hours per day

Intermittent operation [h]

Movement

Housing (Ø, tolerance) DH

Shaft (Ø, tolerance) DJ

Fits and Tolerances

Housing material

Assembly with poor heat transfer properties

Assembly with good heat transfer properties

Material

Mating surface

Surface roughness Ra [µm]

Hardness HB/HRC

If grease, type with technical datasheet

Dry operation With lubricant

If oil, type with technical datasheet

Required service life LH [h]

Service life

Rotational movementSteady load Rotating load Oscillating movement Linear movement

Temperature - ambient Tamb

Operating Environment

Temperature - min/max Tmin/Tmax

- Oil splash

- Oil circulation

- Oil bath

Di

Do

B

Cylindrical Bush Thrust Washer Slideplate

WS

S

L

ST

Di

Do

9Other GGBBearing Materials

45

9 Other GGB Bearing MaterialsWhatever your application requires, GGBoffers the solution with its wide range ofbearing materials:

Solid Polymer Materials - Thermoplasticmaterials processed by injection moulding.These engineering polymers includepolyamid-based EP™, polyoxymethylene-based EP12™, polybutyleneterephthalate-based EP22™, polyphenylensulfide-basedEP43™ and EP44™, polyether-etherketone-based EP63™ and EP64™,and polyamidimid-based EP73™ andEP79™. EP™, EP22™, EP43 ™andEP63™ are available in standardcylindrical and flanged bearings. EP22™and EP43™ are also available as rodstock for prototype or small serialproduction. All EP materials are availableby special order.

DP4™ - compliant with ELV directive2000/53/EC and 2002/95/EC. DP4 (steelbacking + porous bronze sinter + PTFE +fillers) bearing material is suitable forlubricated and dry applications. Standardsizes, special sizes and shapes made toorder.

DP4B™ - compliant with ELV directive2000/53/EC and 2002/95/EC. DP4B(bronze backing + porous sinter bronze +PTFE + fillers) bearing material is suitablefor lubricated and dry applications.Standard sizes, special sizes and shapesmade to order. Bronze backing providesimproved corrosion resistance and isantimagnetic.

DU® - self-lubricating metal-polymerbearing material (steel backing + porousbronze sinter + PTFE + Pb) for dry andlubricated applications with very good wearand friction performance. Available instock sizes. Special sizes and shapesmade to order.

DU®B - self-lubricating, corrosion resistantbearing material (bronze backing + porousbronze sinter + PTFE + Pb) for dry andlubricated applications. The bronzebacking provides improved corrosionresistance and is antimagnetic. Availablein standard sizes, special sizes made toorder.

DX® - marginally lubricated metal-polymer(steel backing + porous bronze sinter +POM) for grease and oil lubricatedapplications. Available in stock sizes.Special sizes and shapes made to order.

HX™ - marginally lubricated metal-polymer (steel backing with + bronze sinter+ PEEK + PTFE + fillers) for grease and oillubricated applications. Standard sizes,special sizes and shapes made to order.

...and many more.

Visit us on the internet:

www.ggbearings.com

9 Other GGBBearing Materials

46

Your notes:

©2010 GGB. All rights reserved.

www.ggbearings.com

This handbook was designed byProfidoc Silvia Freitag

www.profidoc.de

01-10

Product Information

GGB gives an assurance that the products described in this documenthave no manufacturing errors or material deficiencies.

The details set out in this document are registered to assist in assess-ing the material's suitability for the intended use. They have beendeveloped from our own investigations as well as from generallyaccessible publications. They do not represent any assurance for theproperties themselves.

Unless expressly declared in writing, GGB gives no warranty that theproducts described are suited to any particular purpose or specificoperating circumstances. GGB accepts no liability for any losses, dam-ages or costs however they may arise through direct or indirect use ofthese products.

GGB’s sales and delivery terms and conditions, included as an integralpart of quotations, stock and price lists, apply absolutely to all businessconducted by GGB. Copies can be made available on request.

Products are subject to continual development. GGB retains the rightto make specification amendments or improvements to the technicaldata without prior announcement.

Edition 2009 (This edition replaces earlier editions which hereby losetheir validity).

Declaration on lead contents of GGB products/compliance withEU law

Since July 1, 2006 it has been prohibited under Directive 2002/95/EC(restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical andelectronic equipment; ROHS Directive) to put products on the marketthat contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybromi-nated biphenyls (PBB) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE).Certain applications listed in the annex to the ROHS Directive areexempted. A maximum concentration value of 0.01% by weight andper homogeneous material, for cadmium and of 0.1% by weight andper homogeneous material, for lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium,PBB and PBDE shall be tolerated.

According to Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of life vehicles, since July 1,2003 it has been prohibited to put on the market materials and compo-nents that contain lead, mercury, cadmium or hexavalent chromium.Due to an exceptional provision, lead-containing bearing shells andbushes could still be put on the market up until July 1, 2008. This gen-eral exception expired on July 1, 2008. A maximum concentrationvalue of up to 0.1% by weight and per homogeneous material, for lead,hexavalent chromium and mercury shall be tolerated.

All products of GGB, with the exception of DU, DUB, DB, SY and SPsatisfy these requirements of Directives 2002/95/EC (ROHS Directive)and 2000/53/EC (End-of-life Vehicle Directive).

All products manufactured by GGB are also compliant with REACHRegulation (EC) No. 1 907/2006 of December 18, 2006.

GAR-MAX®, GAR-FIL®, HSGTM, MLGTM, HPMTM, HPFTM andMEGALife® XT are trademarks of GGB.

Visit us on the internet:

www.ggbearings.com

RoHSRoHSCOMPLIANTCOMPLIANT

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