HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

Dr. Mayez Al-MouhamedProfessor, Computer Engineering Department

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Content Why do we need powerful computers? HPC: Modeling Difficult Problems HPC Can Deliver Complex Solutions HPC: One Super Processor! Parallel Architecture Parallel Programming HPC: Example of Petroleum Reservoir Simulation

Data Parallel Organization and Gridding Probabilistic Region Labeling Integrating 3D Data for Optimized Well Engineering

Simulating Reservoir on HPC: Efficient Well Engineering! Conclusion

• Traditional engineering paradigm Do theory or paper design. Perform experiments or build system.

• Limitations– Too difficult – Too expensive – Too slow– Too dangerous

• Computational science paradigm Use HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS to simulate the

phenomenon.• Based on known physical laws and efficient numerical methods.

Why do we need powerful computers?

HPC: Modeling Difficult Problems

• Bioscience, Biotechnology, Genetics • 3 billion Nucleotides in human genome: disease causing genes

• Geology, Seismology • Seismological simulation (reservoir) to locate undiscovered petroleum reserves

• Chemistry, Molecular Sciences (Comp. Fluid Dynamics, Pharmaceutical, Thermoplastic and Rubber, Catalysts for Chemical and Petrochemical)

• Physics - applied, nuclear, particle, condensed matter, high pressure, fusion, etc.• Etc.

Blaise Barney, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

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HPC Can deliver Complex Solutions

Computational Materials: Simulation of materials microstructures http://www.tc.cornell.edu/Research/CMI/index.asp

Computational Biology and Bioinformatics: protein folding; drug designhttp://cbsu.tc.cornell.edu/index.htm

Computational Genomics: DNA genome sequencehttp://www.genomics.cornell.edu/focus_areas/computational/

Financial and economic modeling: planning, forecasting, computational solution http://www.ctc manhattan.com/Research/index.asp

The Speed-of-Light Argument

The speed of light is about 30 cm/ns.

Signals travel at a fraction of speed of light (say, 1/3).

If signals must travel 1 cm during the execution of an instruction, that instruction will take at least 0.1 ns; thus, performance will be limited to 10 GIPS.

This limitation is eased by continued miniaturization, architectural methods such as cache memory, etc.

One Super Processor! No: A fundamental limit does exist.

Solution:

A High-performance Computer is a collection of processors that cooperate to solve large problems fast

HPC: One Super Processor!

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Parallel Architecture

Definition: A parallel computer is a collection of processors that cooperate to solve large problems fast (Almasi and Gottlieb 1989)

Sophomore: COE 205 Computer Organization

Junior: COE 308 Computer Architecture

Blaise Barney, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

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Parallel ProgrammingWhat is Parallel Programming: A sequential program can be transformed to a parallel program, which can run on a parallel Computer, by using some parallel programming language or parallel constructs as extension to a programming language.

Senior: COE 420 Parallel ComputingMSC: COE 502 Parallel ArchitecturesPHD: CSE 661 Parallel and Vector Architectures

Blaise Barney, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

How Parallel Processors Cooperate!

SHARING-MEMORY

MESSAGE-PASSING

Blaise Barney, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

HPC: Example of Petroleum Reservoir Simulation

Integration of data from all sources (wells, cores, seismic, outcrops, well tests, etc.)

Khalid Aziz Engineering Resources

Data Parallel Organization and Gridding

Solve reservoir equations at each grid point: • Fluid Dynamics • Thermodynamics

Overwhelming amount of data!

Probabilistic Region Labeling Colored 3D structure:

• water (bleu), • rocks, sands (Green), • gazes (yellow), • oil (red).

Gurpinar, 2001

Integrating 3D Data for Optimized Well Engineering

OGJKhalid Aziz Engineering Resources

El Shargi field, Occidental (Khalid Aziz Engineering Resources)

Simulating Reservoir on HPC: Efficient Well Engineering!

Conclusion• High-Performance Computing (HPC) enables KSA to analyze and develop complex solutions for the Discovery/Utilization of Petroleum Reserves and for its Financial and Economic Planning in short time.

• Where HPC jobs are located in KSA!

• Saudi Aramco: High Performance Computing and Cloud Technologies, all kind of geosciences simulations

• KAUST (Shaheen HPC): Saudi Arabia is building a supercomputer (with IBM) that could rank among the 10 most powerful systems in the world.

• KACST ISU - NIXU (Riyadh, Jeddah, Al Khobar, Dammam): IBM and KACST are developing a plant using High Performance Computing, advanced analytics and visualisation

• Saudi Business Machines: Experience in IBM clustering technology (High Performance Computing-CSM/xCAT). Experience in GPFS implementations and configuration in HPC Env.

• Saudi High Performance Computing (SHPC)• Microsoft: HPC and Cloud Computing, Windows High Performance Computing• SABIC: SABIC - HPC in the Cloud, catalysts for chemical and petrochemical industries, thermoplastic industry and Rubber.

• Oracle Developer Jobs In Riyadh • KFUPM (IBM 1350 Cluster, Tesla GPUs with CUDA)• KSA Ministry of Communication and Defense:

Juniper Networks Enables Saudi Arabia Ministry of Communications & IT to Deliver Unified e-Government Program

• Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia • Etc.

Thank you