high performance green buildings standard update: … standar… · high performance green...
TRANSCRIPT
AABC Commissioning GroupAIA Provider Number: 50111116
High Performance Green Buildings Standard Update: ASHRAE 189.1-2014Course Number: CXENERGY1516
Tom Lawrence, Ph.D., P.E., ASHRAE TAC Vice Chair & Distinguished LecturerApril 29, 2015
Credit(s) earned on completion
of this course will be reported
to AIA CES for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion for
both AIA members and non-AIA
members are available upon
request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or
product._______________________________________
____
Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed at
the conclusion of this presentation.
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws.
Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without
written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
Copyright 2015 by ASHRAE and Tom Lawrence.
All rights reserved.
Copyright Materials
6
GBCI cannot guarantee that course sessions
will be delivered to you as submitted to GBCI.
However, any course found to be in violation of
the standards of the program, or otherwise
contrary to the mission of GBCI, shall be
removed. Your course evaluations will help us
uphold these standards.
Course ID: 0090010505
By Tom Lawrence
Approved for:
1General CE hours
0LEED-specific hours
Overview of Standard 189.1-2011 for High-Performance, Green Buildings
ASHRAE, in conjunction with the U.S. Green Building Council and the
Illumination Engineers Society, has developed a standard for High
Performance, Green Buildings (Standard 189.1-2014). The Standard provides
the minimum requirements for a high-performance green building. This session
will review the Standard’s purpose, with a particular focus on the practical
applications of important changes in the 2014 edition, which include site
sustainability requirements, more stringent water usage, energy performance,
building envelope, emissions and renewables, lighting quality and much more.
Course
Description
Learning Objectives
1. Understand how the ASHRAE standard 189.1-2014 was developed and
revised by a coalition of industry stake-holder in order to ensure its
acceptance across a wide spectrum of design, engineering, environmental
and construction disciplines.
2. Learn about how ASHRAE 189.1 provides the minimum requirements for
designing, building and operating a high-performance green building.
3. Understand the purpose of ASHRAE 189.1 and the practical applications of
important changes in the 2014 edition.
4. Learn how changes to the ASHRAE 189.1 affect issues such as site
sustainability requirements, more stringent water usage, energy
performance, building envelope, emissions and renewables, and lighting
quality.
At the end of the this course, participants will be able
to:
Introduction
8
Background(s) and introduction
Questions are encouraged as we go…
my job is to time manage
Green building related speaking events outside U.S. mainland
High Performance Green Buildings and related topics are becoming a big focus around the globe
ASHRAE Standard 189.1
Overview of ASHRAE Standard 189.1 for “High-
Performance, Green Buildings”
What is it?
Why was it created?
Highlights and
comparison to
other programs
http://www.ashrae.org/greenstandard
ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014
11
An optional compliance path (“Jurisdictional
Compliance Option”) to the International Green
Construction Code (IGCC)
“… compliance option of the International Green Construction Code.”Choice of the project team to use IGCC or Std 189.1
Official description of Standard 189.1 within U.S.
Sponsors and Project Committee
12
Consensus process
Sponsor and co-sponsors:
ASHRAE
USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council)
IES (Illuminating Engineering Society)
Project committee:
35+/- voting members;
variety of disciplines,
industries & organizations
Standard 189.1: Intent
13
What Standard 189.1 is:
• a standard
• applies to all buildings except low-rise
residential buildings (same as ASHRAE Std
90.1)
• intended for adoption into model building codes
What Standard 189.1 is not:
- not a design guide
- not a rating system
Even if not adopted by your local authorities, this Standard is an indication of future industry trends
Compare Standard 189.1 to LEED
14
Std. 189.1:
Improvement in all
topical areas
Pushes the envelope
Voluntary vs. mandatory
Progress and Status
15
3-½ years of development, with 4 rounds of
public review
Initial release in Jan. 2010
2014 release incorporated the nearly 50
addenda that were developed and approved for
the 2011 version
Key changes from 2011 are highlighted with the “New” button
Standard 189.1: Relation toOther ASHRAE Standards
Adopt, with modifications
Adopt, with minor
modificationsAdopt
Standard 55
Important Note
Standard 189.1 mostly sets
standards for performance or lists
specific equipment requirements
…
But it does not specify exact
design and implementation
methods
18
Prescriptive Compliance
Path
Performance Compliance
Path
Choice of project team: prescriptive orperformance, for each section
Mandatory Items
Standard 189.1Compliance Paths
Highlights of Standard 189.1
20
Section 5 – Sites:
All requirements are now mandatory
Allowable sites, where to build; or where not to allow a building
Other areas that are addressed: Urban heat island
Light “pollution” limitations
Stormwater management
Transportation impacts
Protection of natural areas andnative site features
Section 6 – Water Use Efficiency
Mandatory Provisions
Site water use:
Landscape design: bio-diverse and adapted
plantings for 60% of landscape
Irrigation design: hydrozoning
Controls: smart irrigation controllers
Section 6 – Water Use Efficiency
24
Mandatory Provisions
Building water use:
(§6.3.2.1) plumbing fixtures & fittings per
U.S. EPA WaterSense or ASME Standards, with
specific limit on flow amount or rate (table next
page)
(§6.3.2.2) appliances per U.S. EPA EnergyStar,
with water use factor for dwelling unit or public
access
Section 6 – Water Use Efficiency
25
Mandatory Provisions (cont.)
HVAC Systems (§6.3.2.3):
Cooling tower makeup, blowdown meters > threshold capacity
Efficient drift eliminators (0.002% counterflow, 0.005% cross-flow)
Condensate collection from units > 65,000 Btu/h (19 kW) in areas with mean coincident wet bulb >72F (22C) @ 1% design condition
28
Standard 90.1-2010, Site EUI
Standard 189.1-2011, Site EUI
52.2 (592)
Net EUI for Standard 189.1-2011 is44.5 (505), which accounts for on-site renewable contribution2014 version EUI is still in evaluation
47.7 (541)
Key Changes from 2011
29
29
Energy: Significant updates to reflect the publication of Standard 90.1-2013, including revised building envelope provisions. Fenestration orientation requirements updated based on new research. Changes and updates to equipment efficiency tables, Energy Star references, and continuous air-barrier requirements.
Energy Performance, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Renewables: Changes and clarifications to reflect changes to Standard 90.1. Updated carbon dioxide emission factors for different energy sources.
Energy: Mandatory On-Site
Renewable
31
On-site renewable power (§7.3.2)
Provisions for future installation annual energy
production ≥6 kBtu/ft² (20 kWh/m²) single-story;
≥10 kBtu/ft² (32 kWh/m²) multi-story
Example: On-Site Renewable Energy
Mostly 1-story, except as indicated2-story office area “Penthouse”
mechanical room1-story “high bay” labs
Energy – Mandatory (continued):
34
Remote or automatic energy monitoring
(§7.3.3)
criteria based on size
Energy sources (Table 7.3.3-1)
Key systems (Table 7.3.3-2)
Meters communicate to central recording
system
Data storage for minimum 36 months
Exception: Residential portions of buildings complying with this Standard
Average EUI of 2011 version = 44.5
kBtu/ft²
Standard 189.1 builds from 90.1 …
Energy: Prescriptive Option
(§7.4)
36
Prescriptive Option: Renewable
Energy
37
Two options for demonstrating compliance:Baseline: Install the amount of on-site
renewable energy specified in mandatory section. ≥6 kBtu/ft² (20 kWh/m²) single-story; ≥10 kBtu/ft² (32 kWh/m²) multi-story
Exception (meet both of these):
Low incident solar locations (<4.0 kWh/m2/day)
Purchase of green power in terms of “7 kWh/ft²-yr [75 kWh/m²-yr]” annually until cumulative purchase of 70 kWh/ft²-yr [750 kWh/m²-yr]
Prescriptive Option: Renewable
Energy
38
Alternate Renewables Approach:Reduced On-Site Renewable Energy and Higher Efficiency Equipment
If project complies with higher energy efficiency requirements in Appendix B, water heating, other efficiency measures (Energy Star® etc.), on-site required lowers to≥4 kBtu/ft² (13 kWh/m²) single-story; ≥7 kBtu/ft² (22 kWh/m²) multi-story
39
Comply with Std 90.1, Section 5 as modified…
Comply with Table 5.5-1 through 5.5-8 on building
envelope in 90.1, as modified for Climate Zones 4 – 8:
U-, C- and F- factors reduced by 10%
(Tables 5.5-4 thru 5.5-8)
Insulation Min. R-Value Column of Std. 90.1
shall not apply
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) for east and
west oriented fenestration reduced by 10%
If no requirement (‘NR’) listed, does not apply
SHGC reduction not applicable to spaces meeting
daylighting area requirements in §8.4.1
(§7.4.2)
Prescriptive Option: Building
Envelope
41
Permanent Projections
Overhang: PF >0.5 (§7.4.2.5) Exceptions for < 250 hours/yr direct sun,dynamic glazing, or automated controlled shadingin response to daylight levels(with restrictions as listed)
West, east & south orientations
Climate zones 1-5
Prescriptive Option (Building
Envelope)
42
Building envelope trade-off option of Standard
90.1 does not apply unless this incorporates all
modifications in Standard 189.1 section (§7.4.2)
Push toward “smarter” window placement and
selection (§7.4.2.8)
ExceptionsBuildings
adjacent to or
shaded by other
buildings, hills,
etc.
Prescriptive Option (Building
Envelope)
§7.4.3 HVAC
Adopt, with modifications
General Concept:Based on Standard 90.1, but modifications to improved energy performance over code minimum standards
§7.4.3 HVAC and Renewables
44
Projects opting for Alternate Renewables
Approach
§7.4.3.1 Minimum equipment efficiency
incentives for higher efficient equipmentEquipment Efficiency, Renewables Compliance Options
Baseline Approach “Code Minimum” (Standard 90.1)
Use equipment with EPActbaseline efficiency levels, and:• Renewable energy system producing 6.0 kBtu/ft² roof area annually
• Peak electrical load reduction of 10%
Alternate Renewables Approach Higher efficiency
Use higher efficiency of Energy Star requirements and Appendix C, and:• Renewable energy system producing 4.0 kBtu/ft² roof area annually
• Peak electrical load reduction of 5%
Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV)
§7.4.3.2
45
Requirements for DCV in Standard 189.1 and
90.1
Exceptions: • design outdoor airflow <
750 cfm• Exhaust energy recovery• Space outdoor airflow
used as makeup for other spaces
• Prison cells, daycare sickrooms, science lab, barber, beauty salon, bowling alleys
Both now use densely occupied space definition of 25 people/1000 ft² (100 m²)
and area >500 ft² (50 m²)
Note: Type of DCV used is not specified
§7.4.3.3 HVAC - Economizer
46
Minor requirement changes from Standard 90.1
Rooftop units <5 tons: two stage (first stage economizer, second
stage adds mechanical)
VAV with fixed supply temperature, capable for temperature reset
by at least 5º F (3º C) during economizer operation
Exceptions per Standard 90.1, Section 6.5.1 with slight
modificationsStandard 90.1 Requirement
-Capacity > 54,000 Btu/h (15.8 kW), and same climate zones
§7.4.3 HVAC – Fan Power
47
§7.4.3.5 Fan power limits, below Standard 90.1
Total fan efficiency at design operating point within 10% of the maximum efficiency of that fan.
- 10%
From Standard 90.1-2013 (IP version, SI similar).Parameter ‘A’ includes pressure drop adjustments based on system design
§7.4.3.6 HVAC – Exhaust Energy
Recovery
48
Energy recovery effectiveness of 60% (instead of 50% in Standard 90.1)
Standard 189.1 and 90.1 now use the
same threshold size table (next slide)
HVAC: Kitchen Exhaust, Duct
Insulation
50
§7.4.3.7 Kitchen hoods > 2000 cfm,
comply with Table (below)
§7.4.3.8 Minimum duct insulation
increased (Tables A-2 and A-3)
§7.4.3.9 Hotel/Motel Guest
Rooms
51
§7.4.3.9 Unoccupied hotel/motel (>50 guest rooms) occupancy control of HVAC (setback), ventilation and lighting, TV after 30-minute delay
Reset thermostat for unrented or unoccupiedrooms
No captive keycard systems
52
§7.4.5 Power and Peak Load
§7.4.5 Power
Peak load reduction:
Reduce peak capacity of the building through
demand-limiting or load shifting measures (10%)
Standby generation does not count…
The “Alternate Renewables Approach” exception
§7.4.6 Lighting Power Allowance
53
Interior lighting power allowance reduced from
Tables 9.5.1(Building Area) or 9.6.1(Space-by-
Space) in Standard 90.1
Exterior lighting allowance
LPD Factor multiplier for 90.1 values
§7.4.6 Lighting Power Allowance
54
For Table 9.6.1(Space-by-Space) in Standard
90.1 (partial example)
55
§7.4.6 Lighting Controls (Cont’d)
(§7.4.6.2) Occupancy sensor control to reduce
power to <50% for commercial, industrial
storage stack aisles
Exception: HID lit areas < 0.8 W/ft² or 8 W/m²
Egress lighting control (§7.4.6.3)
< 0.1 W/ft2 (1 W/m²) Additional allowed if w/ auto shut-off
Also mentions exterior and parking lighting
56
§7.4.7 Other Equipment
7.4.7.1 Alternate Renewable Approach comply with applicable equipment efficiency requirements in Normative Appendix B (such as unitary A/C units, heat pumps, chillers)
7.4.7.2 Condenser heat recovery in larger supermarkets (>25,000 ft2) 25% of full-load heat rejection
80% of space or service HW heat,or dehumidification reheat
Limits of how system impacted (head pressure and condensing T)
7.4.7.3 Energy Star equipment for Alternate Renewables Approach
Energy Performance Based
Options
57
§7.5 Performance Based Option:
Former Method: Simply demonstrate
equivalent performance in both energy cost
and CO2 equivalent compared to using the
Prescriptive path for energy, plus relevant
portions of Sections 5, 6 and 8 Proposed
(Mandatory + Prescriptive Path)
• Energy performance option changes– Deletion of requirement for comparing peak
demand and annual load factor in performance
path option
– Documentation of CO2e calc. required, renewable
energy and equipment efficiency adjustments
from Std 90.1 approach
– Performance option A and B approach:
‘A’ sets % savings below 90.1-2013 by type
(next slide); ‘
B’ is original 189.1 method
58
§7.5 Energy Performance Options
60
CO2 Emissions Factors based on the energy
source
National (U.S.) based numbers(Modified recently)
§7.5 Energy Performance Options
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
62
Key Items
Outdoor airflow
Tobacco smoke control
Outdoor air monitoring
Filtration and air cleaning
Daylighting
Thermal comfort
Acoustics
Key Changes from 2011
63
63
Indoor Environmental Quality: Lighting
quality has been added to the scope of this
section and requirements have been added for
lighting controls in specific space types.
Requirements for air sealing of filtration and
air-cleaning equipment have been clarified,
and new requirements for preoccupancy
ventilation and building envelope moisture
management have been added.
Indoor Air Quality Related
Ventilation requirement
Outdoor air monitoring
Filtration
Smoking
Building entrances
Guest Room Preoccupancy Purge
Preoccupancy ventilation control
Thermal Comfort
Acoustics
Lighting Quality
Building Envelope
IEQ – Mandatory Items
65
§8.3.1 IAQ
Rate per Standard 62.1, using Ventilation Rate Procedure (Healthcare Std. 170)
§8.3.1.2 Outdoor Air Monitoring
Permanently mounted, direct outdoor airflow measurement±10% of minimum outdoor airflow (Differs from LEED in that CO2 monitoring for densely occupied spaces is not specified)
Constant volume air supply, damper position feedback allowable instead
IEQ – Mandatory:
Ventilation Rate and Monitoring
66
§8.3.1.3 Filtration, Air Cleaner
(a) Particulates - Minimum MERV 8 upstream of cooling coils, MERV 13 when project located in “non-attainment” area for PM2.5 (Modifes Healthcare Std. 170) Equivalent to recently modified Std 62.1 values now.
(b) Ozone cleaners for outdoor air in building projects located in non-attainment areas for ozone. (Ozone removal efficiency = 40%, per Std. 62.1 §6.2.1.2)
(c) Filter frames, air cleaner racks, access doors sealed to eliminate bypass pathways (modified)
IEQ – Mandatory:
Filtration and Air Cleaning
67
§8.3.1.4
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
No smoking inside, with signage
No smoking within 25 feet (7.5 m) of entrance,
outdoor air intakes or operable windows
IEQ – Mandatory:
Smoking and Building
Entrances
§8.3.1.5 Mat systems at building
entrances
68
§8.3.3
Exterior: Envelope acoustical design for projects located near expressways, airports, or when yearly average sound levels at property >65 decibels (dB)
Interior: Wall and floor-ceiling assemblies with specified sound transmission class (STC) ratings in dwelling units, adjacent tenant or public spaces, classrooms and hotel or hospital/nursing home rooms
IEQ – Mandatory: Acoustical
Control
69
Soil gas retarder for areas with high radon
(Zone 1) or brownfield site developments
IEQ – Mandatory:
Isolation from Soil Pollutants
IEQ – Mandatory: Lighting Quality
71
71
§8.3.5
Enclosed Offices: Provide at least one of the following for 90% of offices < 250 ft²
Multilevel lighting control
Bilevel lighting control with separate task lighting.
Multioccupant spaces
Multilevel lighting control
Gyms, auditoriums, ballrooms and cafeteria with at least two separate controlled groups of luminaries
IEQ – Mandatory: Moisture Control
72
72
§8.3.6
Perform a moisture analysis per ASHRAE Standard 160 or vapor-transmission analysis as outlined in Section 8.3.6.1 and 8.3.6.2 for building envelope and humid spaces with potentially unique dew-point conditions (such as kitchens, pool enclosures, locker rooms, museum spaces, etc.)
Provide flashing or sealants around fenestration, door assembles, penetrations for mechanical equip’t
Building’s Impact on Atmosphere,
Materials and Resources (Section 9)
76
Mandatory: Construction waste management, materials
extraction and harvesting, no CFC-based refrigerants, low mercury lamps, storage for recyclable and discarded goods
Prescriptive Option: Reduced impact materials
(recycled or salvaged,regional, biobased)
Performance Option: Life Cycle Assessment
Construction and Operation Plans
OVERVIEW
78
§10.3.1 Construction
Building acceptance testing
Commissioning
Erosion and sediment control
Indoor air quality
Moisture control
Construction vehicles
§10.3.2 Plans for Operation
79
1. High-Performance Building Operation
Site Sustainability
Water Use Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Indoor Environmental Quality
2. Maintenance
3. Service Life
4. Transportation Management
High-Performance Building Design:
Related ASHRAE Learning Institute
Courses
80
Basics of High-Performance Building Design
Advanced High-Performance Building Design
High Performance Building Design
Applications and Future Trends
Building Demand Response and Smart Grid
This concludes The American Institute of
Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
Dr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-
AP