HIGH RISK HIGH RISK WARRANT WARRANT SERVICESERVICE

INSTRUCTORSINSTRUCTORS

Captain Billy Lee: Captain Billy Lee: 402-7769402-7769 Lt. Ed Allen:Lt. Ed Allen: 402-5783402-5783 Lt. Tony Fannin:Lt. Tony Fannin: 402-9944402-9944 Lt. Mike WeippertLt. Mike Weippert 402-4911402-4911

Course OverviewCourse Overview

Warrants and High Risk CriteriaWarrants and High Risk Criteria Team Organization and SelectionTeam Organization and Selection

Basic and Specialty EquipmentBasic and Specialty Equipment Special SkillsSpecial Skills

Mission PlanningMission Planning ExecutionExecution CritiqueCritique

Practical DrillsPractical Drills Scenario DrillsScenario Drills

History. . .History. . . 1972 - Munich Olympic Games1972 - Munich Olympic Games 2 Israeli athletes killed by Black September, PLO 2 Israeli athletes killed by Black September, PLO

terrorists.terrorists. 9 other Israelis, 5 terrorists, 1 police officer killed at time 9 other Israelis, 5 terrorists, 1 police officer killed at time

of hostage rescue attempt.of hostage rescue attempt. Realized a tactical component missing - Realized a tactical component missing - Hostage RescueHostage Rescue.. 1982 - LAPD conducted joint training with D.O.D., special 1982 - LAPD conducted joint training with D.O.D., special

operations units in preparation for 1984 Summer Olympic operations units in preparation for 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles.Games in Los Angeles.

Epidemic of “crack cocaine” in fortified “rock houses” in Epidemic of “crack cocaine” in fortified “rock houses” in American citiesAmerican cities

Warrant Types and Warrant Types and ScopeScope

Warrant Warrant - a judicial order - a judicial order authorizing the seizure or search authorizing the seizure or search of a person, place or thing.of a person, place or thing.

ApplicantApplicant - any sworn local, state - any sworn local, state or federal law enforcement or federal law enforcement officer.officer.

AuthorizationAuthorization - any circuit/county - any circuit/county judge or federal magistrate.judge or federal magistrate.

Application ProcessApplication Process

Affidavit - establishes probable Affidavit - establishes probable cause and requests who, what, cause and requests who, what, where, when, etc. to be where, when, etc. to be searched or seized. Written by searched or seized. Written by applicant.applicant.

Warrant - order identifying what Warrant - order identifying what action is to be taken. Written action is to be taken. Written by judge. by judge.

Warrant TypesWarrant Types Inspection warrantInspection warrant - very limited in - very limited in

scope, normally limited to inventory scope, normally limited to inventory and records regarding alcohol and and records regarding alcohol and tobacco.tobacco.

Seizure warrantSeizure warrant - to take physical - to take physical control of an item or real property.control of an item or real property.

Arrest warrantArrest warrant - no expiration date, - no expiration date, normally does not limit where or time.normally does not limit where or time.

Search WarrantSearch Warrant - authorization to - authorization to enter and search a dwelling, vehicle, enter and search a dwelling, vehicle, container, or even a person. Will container, or even a person. Will always specify items to be searched always specify items to be searched for and location.for and location.

What to look for in a What to look for in a warrant:warrant:

Read affidavit - possible intelRead affidavit - possible intel Confirm info in affidavit Confirm info in affidavit

matches info on warrant.matches info on warrant. Address of target location - Address of target location -

including directionsincluding directions Date warrant signedDate warrant signed Signature of judgeSignature of judge

Search Warrant will Search Warrant will not:not:

Authorize the arrest of Authorize the arrest of subjects, only the detention of.subjects, only the detention of.

Authorize you to bring Authorize you to bring suspects back on to property.suspects back on to property.

Authorize a “no knock” entry.Authorize a “no knock” entry.

Forced Entry into a DwellingForced Entry into a Dwelling

Wilson v. ArkansasWilson v. Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927 (1995), 514 U.S. 927 (1995) Before forcing entry into a dwelling based on a warrant or exigent Before forcing entry into a dwelling based on a warrant or exigent

circumstances, officer must knock and announce their presence and circumstances, officer must knock and announce their presence and purpose before such forced entry (such forced entry would include purpose before such forced entry (such forced entry would include walking in an unlocked door unannounced) is made unless:walking in an unlocked door unannounced) is made unless:

The officer’s purpose is already known to the occupantThe officer’s purpose is already known to the occupant When the personal safety of the officer or others would be jeopardized by When the personal safety of the officer or others would be jeopardized by

the announcementthe announcement When the delay caused by the announcement may enable the suspect to When the delay caused by the announcement may enable the suspect to

escapeescape When a prisoner has escaped and retreated to his homeWhen a prisoner has escaped and retreated to his home When the announcement may cause evidence to be destroyed.When the announcement may cause evidence to be destroyed.

How Long Must Officer Wait How Long Must Officer Wait Following a Knock and AnnounceFollowing a Knock and Announce

United States v. BanksUnited States v. Banks, 540 U.S. 31 (2003)., 540 U.S. 31 (2003).

Following a knock and announce, officers may force Following a knock and announce, officers may force entry in order to prevent the occupants from entry in order to prevent the occupants from destroying evidence. When forcing entry for this destroying evidence. When forcing entry for this purpose officers need not wait any longer than it purpose officers need not wait any longer than it would take for an occupant to begin destroying would take for an occupant to begin destroying evidence. In a drug case the Court found a 15-20 evidence. In a drug case the Court found a 15-20 second wait for a response at the door, prior to second wait for a response at the door, prior to forcing entry, to be sufficient.forcing entry, to be sufficient.

High RiskHigh Risk Criteria . . . Criteria . . .

Violent crime(s) involved.Violent crime(s) involved. Suspect(s) have history of violent behavior.Suspect(s) have history of violent behavior. Suspect(s) inside are known to be armed.Suspect(s) inside are known to be armed. Reasonable belief weapons would be used against law Reasonable belief weapons would be used against law

enforcement.enforcement. Location is heavily fortified.Location is heavily fortified. Reasonable belief evidence can and will be destroyed through Reasonable belief evidence can and will be destroyed through

delayed entry.delayed entry. Not feasible to detain/arrest suspect(s) outside Armed Not feasible to detain/arrest suspect(s) outside Armed

lookouts/guards present.lookouts/guards present. Community support for on-going, criminal enterprise.Community support for on-going, criminal enterprise. Exigent circumstances.Exigent circumstances.

Hostage Rescue vs. Narcotics . . . Hostage Rescue vs. Narcotics . . .

Hostage RescueHostage Rescue– Life hangs in the balance.Life hangs in the balance.

Search/Arrest/Narcotics RaidsSearch/Arrest/Narcotics Raids– Is there a compelling reason to use Is there a compelling reason to use

dynamic tactics?dynamic tactics?

There is a difference!

“Hostage rescue will never reach the level that the tactical commander can guarantee the outcome of a forcible rescue attempt!”

Bud Graves, Sgt., LAPD retired

““No-Go”No-Go” Dynamic Entry . . . Dynamic Entry . . .

When the element of When the element of SURPRISESURPRISE is lost. is lost. No No compellingcompelling reason to get inside a reason to get inside a

location quickly.location quickly. When risks to other non-involved residents When risks to other non-involved residents

are increased by potential for confrontation.are increased by potential for confrontation. When the risks to law enforcement When the risks to law enforcement

outweigh the necessity to recover narcotics outweigh the necessity to recover narcotics or other evidence.or other evidence.

Reducing The Risk Reducing The Risk In High-Risk Warrant Service . . .In High-Risk Warrant Service . . .

Causal factors - officers injured . . .• Poor weapons handling and training.• Failure to identify an actual threat - reacting and shooting a partner officer.• Inadequate planning and briefing causing confusion.• Improper tactics and poor execution of the warrant(s).• Too many warrant services by the same personnel.• Uncontrolled and reactive fear.

. . . Ron McCarthy, Sgt. LAPD, retired

Risk Assessment . . .Risk Assessment . . .

Overall MissionAnalysis

Operations Security

Qualityof

Intelligence

Personnel&

Equipment

Community Perception“Reasonable”

Community Safety

Risk Management?Risk Management?

The Basics . . . The Basics . . . Firearms manipulation, Firearms manipulation,

accuracy & safety.accuracy & safety.

– Move with finger off trigger!Move with finger off trigger! Ability to shoot on the moveAbility to shoot on the move

– Point weapon in direction you Point weapon in direction you

look.look. Well coordinated/practiced teamWell coordinated/practiced team Multiple entry points Multiple entry points

(primary/secondary).(primary/secondary). Sufficient number of personnel to do Sufficient number of personnel to do

the job.the job. Controlled speed . . .don’t run!Controlled speed . . .don’t run!

continued continued (The Basics) (The Basics) . . .. . .

Never chase a suspect inside . . . Never chase a suspect inside . . . – Cover.Cover.

– Alert other team members.Alert other team members.

Uncooperative suspect . . . Uncooperative suspect . . . – Get assistance (“trailers”).Get assistance (“trailers”).

– Don’t tie up with weapon exposed.Don’t tie up with weapon exposed.

– Control (front kick?)Control (front kick?)

– Weapon retention.Weapon retention.

Communication essential - advise team “clear” Communication essential - advise team “clear” when room clear.when room clear.

continued continued (The Basics)(The Basics) . . . . . .

Distraction Device(s).Distraction Device(s).

– Place carefully.Place carefully. Clear corners first - then center of room.Clear corners first - then center of room.

– Always move together.Always move together.

– ““First in - first out”.First in - first out”.

– Don’t stop in doorways.Don’t stop in doorways. Concentrate on threat area.Concentrate on threat area. Suspect contact . . .Suspect contact . . .

– You contact - you control.You contact - you control.

– Verbalize.Verbalize.

– Next team member fills vacancy.Next team member fills vacancy.

– ““Prone”/”Kneel” suspects.Prone”/”Kneel” suspects.

continued continued (The Basics)(The Basics) . . . . . .

If shooting occurs . . . If shooting occurs . . . – Get coverGet cover

– Assess situationAssess situation

– Hold groundHold ground

““Officer down”Officer down” - closest person covers, - closest person covers, next person recovers officer.next person recovers officer.

Clear Clear low low and and highhigh, behind drapes and , behind drapes and small areas.small areas.

Must have . . . Must have . . .

SurpriseSurprise Speed Speed

((controlled!)controlled!) Aggressive actionAggressive action AccuracyAccuracy Distraction/Distraction/

DiversionsDiversions

Team OrganizationTeam Organization

Team leaderTeam leader EntryEntry BreacherBreacher Long coverLong cover MedicMedic Inner perimeterInner perimeter Outer PerimeterOuter Perimeter Marked Marked

announcementannouncement

Team member selectionTeam member selection

Experienced OfficersExperienced Officers Dependable No Dependable No

ShortcutsShortcuts Physical ConditioningPhysical Conditioning Practical SkillsPractical Skills Sound Use of Force Sound Use of Force

DecisionsDecisions Performs Well under Performs Well under

StressStress

BASIC EQUIPMENTBASIC EQUIPMENT

Uniform IdentificationUniform Identification

Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment

Eye ProtectionEye Protection

GlovesGloves

HelmetHelmet

Elbow PadsElbow Pads

Knee PadsKnee Pads

SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT & SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT & TRAININGTRAINING

Battering RamBattering Ram Sledge HammerSledge Hammer Haligan ToolHaligan Tool Pry BarPry Bar Bolt CuttersBolt Cutters Hooks/Straps/ChainsHooks/Straps/Chains

Ballistic ShieldsBallistic Shields Distraction DevicesDistraction Devices Specialty MunitionsSpecialty Munitions C02 Fire ExtinguisherC02 Fire Extinguisher Catch PolesCatch Poles Air Purifying RespiratorsAir Purifying Respirators

SPECIALTY VEHICLESSPECIALTY VEHICLES

OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

PreplanningPreplanning Preparation of the tactical planPreparation of the tactical plan RehearsalRehearsal BriefingBriefing DeploymentDeployment Post Operational Activities/ DebriefingPost Operational Activities/ Debriefing

PREPLANNINGPREPLANNING

Meeting with Team Leader, Scout Meeting with Team Leader, Scout and requesting investigatorand requesting investigator

– Obtain all available intelligenceObtain all available intelligence

– Case HistoryCase History

– Read the WarrantRead the Warrant

– Requesting Investigator Requesting Investigator InformationInformation

Planning Information Planning Information SourcesSources

InvestigatorInvestigatorCase FileCase FileScoutingScouting

Photographs/VideoPhotographs/VideoMapsMaps

Databases/RecordsDatabases/Records

Investigator BriefingInvestigator Briefing

Establish a good rapportEstablish a good rapport Briefing PointsBriefing Points

– Suspect InformationSuspect Information– OccupantsOccupants– VehiclesVehicles– Area surrounding target siteArea surrounding target site– Specific target site informationSpecific target site information– Other HazardsOther Hazards

Scouting MissionScouting Mission

Use a ChecklistUse a Checklist1.1.BinocularsBinoculars

2.2.Video RecorderVideo Recorder

3.3.CameraCamera

4.4.StopwatchStopwatch

Intelligence Gathering Intelligence Gathering Drive-bysDrive-bys

Confirm investigator’s intelligenceConfirm investigator’s intelligence Determine approach routes/timesDetermine approach routes/times Establish staging pointsEstablish staging points Determine primary and secondary Determine primary and secondary

breaching pointsbreaching points Evaluate the approach to the targetEvaluate the approach to the target

IntelligenceIntelligence Gathering Gathering Drive-bysDrive-bys

Evaluate the targetEvaluate the target– Does the structure match Does the structure match

the floor plan providedthe floor plan provided– Identify breaching pointsIdentify breaching points

» Door Door material/locks/security material/locks/security gratesgrates

– Is the approach route Is the approach route exposedexposed

– Security system and/or Security system and/or lightslights

– FencesFences

PreplanningPreplanning

Location and drive Location and drive route to hospitalroute to hospital

Command post Command post locationlocation

The Tactical PlanThe Tactical Plan

Review Scouting with Review Scouting with SupervisorSupervisor

Use an established planning Use an established planning formatformat

Use a checklistUse a checklist

The Tactical PlanThe Tactical Plan

Determine number of personnel Determine number of personnel and logisticsand logistics

Make assignments (specific)Make assignments (specific) Determine communication Determine communication

requirementsrequirements Determine perimeter control needsDetermine perimeter control needs

The Tactical PlanThe Tactical Plan

Determine time of executionDetermine time of executionDetermine travel time to targetDetermine travel time to targetConsider a holding area enrouteConsider a holding area enrouteDetermine rehearsal timeDetermine rehearsal timeEstablish a briefing timeEstablish a briefing time

WarrantWarrant RehearsalRehearsal Ensure everyone knows theirEnsure everyone knows their

assigned roleassigned role Provide an advanced opportunity toProvide an advanced opportunity to use and test specialized equipmentuse and test specialized equipment Layout your targetLayout your target Full gear Full gear Line up vehicles and simulate Line up vehicles and simulate

executionexecution

WarrantWarrant BriefingBriefingInvestigator Case ReviewInvestigator Case ReviewMissionMissionConcept of operationConcept of operationAssignmentsAssignmentsVehicle line-upVehicle line-upContingenciesContingenciesAll personnelAll personnel

Warrant BriefingWarrant Briefing

Detailed tactical briefing Detailed tactical briefing for Entry Team for Entry Team

Separate general briefing Separate general briefing forfor others involvedothers involved

DeploymentDeployment

Non Entry team to pre-designated area until Non Entry team to pre-designated area until calledcalled

Last minute drive-by (unless sentries in place)Last minute drive-by (unless sentries in place) Entry Team responds marked and unmarkedEntry Team responds marked and unmarked

vehiclesvehicles– Containment/Perimeter team move to positionContainment/Perimeter team move to position– Announcements are madeAnnouncements are made– Entry is madeEntry is made– Entire location should be cleared againEntire location should be cleared again

DeploymentDeployment continuedcontinued

Periodic updates to investigatorsPeriodic updates to investigatorsOnce location is secured Once location is secured

investigators are called in to investigators are called in to conduct searchconduct search

All Entry Team activities are All Entry Team activities are loggedlogged

PostPost--OperationOperation ActivitiesActivities

Pertinent information is provided to Pertinent information is provided to investigatorsinvestigators

A property damage assessment is conducted A property damage assessment is conducted and recordedand recorded

All equipment is inventoriedAll equipment is inventoried Diagrams of location are prepared for critique Diagrams of location are prepared for critique

and fileand file Team leaves location unless needed for securityTeam leaves location unless needed for security A comprehensive post-operation report and A comprehensive post-operation report and

critique is conductedcritique is conducted

WarrantWarrant ServiceService DebriefingDebriefing ChecklistChecklist

Planning phasePlanning phase BriefingBriefing

Travel phaseTravel phase Deployment phaseDeployment phase

Entry phaseEntry phase Post-operation phasePost-operation phase