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Page 1: High Speed Rail Projects in India

E-mail: [email protected] www.railanalysis.com

HIGH-SPEED RAIL PROJECTS IN INDIA

RAIL ANALYSIS REPORTSwww.railanalysis.com

Page 2: High Speed Rail Projects in India

Hig diah-speed�rail�in�In

While India has one of the largest rail networks in the world, as of 2015 it does not have any kilometers classed as high-speed rail (HSR), which allows an operational speed of 200 km/h or more. Compared to China, which has a 7% more population, has 19,369 km in operation and 17,078 km under construction. The current fastest train in India is the Bhopal Shatabdi that runs with a top speed of 150 km/h.Prior to the 2014 general election, the two major national parties (BJP and INC) both pledged to introduce high-speed rail.

Current�effort�to�increase�speed�to�160-200�km/h

The INC pledged to connect all of India's million-plus cities by high-speed rail, whereas BJP, which won the election, promised to build the Diamond Quadrilateral project, which would connect via high-speed rail the cities of Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai. The project was con�rmed as a project of priority for the new government in the President's speech. Construction of one kilometer of high speed railway track will cost Rs. 100 - 140 crore which is 10 to 14 times higher than the construction of a normal railway track.

Indian Railways aims to increase the speed of passenger trains to 160–200 km/h on dedicated conventional tracks. They intend to improve their existing conventional lines to handle speeds of up to 160 km/h, with a goal of speeds above 200 km/h on new tracks with improved technology. In February 2014, Henri Poupart-Lafarge of Alstom, manufacturer of trains used on TGV in France, stated that India is at least 5–10 years away from Indian Railways aims to increase the speed of passenger trains to 160–200 km/h on dedicated conventional tracks. They intend to improve their existing conventional lines to handle speeds of up to 160 km/h, with a goal of speeds above 200 km/h on new tracks with improved technology. In February 2014, Henri Poupart-Lafarge of Alstom, manufacturer of trains used on TGV in France, stated that India is at least 5–10 years away from and Agra to 105 minutes will be named Gatimaan Express. Initially the trains will have the maximum speed of 160 km/h, with railway coaches which can run at the speed of 200 km/h will be rolled out from Railway Coach Factory of Indian Railway from June, 2015.

Current�Semi-high�speed�systems

Currently there are no semi high speed rail routes in India. A trial run has been successfully completed on Delhi- Agra section and plans are to start these trains on Delhi - Bhopal / Chandigarh / Kanpur / Lucknow sections after starting on Delhi - Agra section. The Delhi - Agra semi high speed train is expected to start in November 2014. Mumbai Rajdhani Express will be upgraded to 200 km/h. This will reduce 8 hours of traveling time. Railway minister Dr. sadananda Gowda mentioned in his Rail budget 2014 speech that the railways are going to start high speed trains at 160–200 km/h on 9 routes.

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RAIL ANALYSIS

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Page 3: High Speed Rail Projects in India

Contents

Many thanks for downloadingHigh Speed Rail Projects in India Report

Rail Analysis Team

Current effort to increase

Current Semi-high speed systems

Criticism

Proposal to introduce 300-350 km/h trains

H istor y

Cost

Routes

Project execution

Feasibility studies

Diamond Quadrilateral project

Speed of trains

Plan to introduce 500 - 550 km/h trains

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Categories: Proposed rail infrastructure in India High-speed rail in India Transport in India

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Page 4: High Speed Rail Projects in India

Red�Background�for�the�systems�that�are�under�construction.�

�Gray�Background for�the�systems�that�are�currently�in�planning.

Approved�in�2014

PRO version

Delhi�-�

�-

�-

Semi�High-Speed

CorridorSpeed

Trackgauge(mm)

Distance(km)

Timereduced

Operationsper�day

StartOperations

Status

Agra 160�km/h 1676 195 30�min Early�2015

Successful�trial�run�inJuly�2014.�Thisservice�may�startoperations�from2015.

ChennaiHyderabad

160�km/h 1676 915Approved�in�2014Railway�Budget

DelhiChandigarh

160�km/h 1676 244Approved�in�2014Railway�Budget

Delhi Kanpur 160�km/h 1676 441 Railway�Budget

Mumbai

Ahmedabad160�km/h 1676 493

Approved�in�2014

Railway�Budget

Mumbai Goa 160�km/h 1676 606Approved�in�2014

Railway�Budget

Mysore

Bangalore

Chennai

160�km/h 1676 495Approved�in�2014

Railway�Budget

Nagpur

Raipur

Bilaspur

160�km/h 1676 413Approved�in�2014

Railway�Budget

Nagpur

Secunderabad160�km/h 1676 575

Approved�in�2014

Railway�Budget

�-�

�-�

�-�

�-�

�-�

�-�

CriticismIndia's�quest�to�run�rails�at�the�160�km/h�has�its�own�critics.��Critics�point�out�the�that�Delhi-Agra�time�savings�are�not�based�on�the�speed�of�train�but�based�on�other�factors.

Critics point out that the reduction in travel time due to speed is a mere three minutes, and other manoeuvrings are largely responsible for the drastic drop. Reduction of timing largely because of shifting the train’s departure point from New Delhi railway station to Hazrat Nizamuddin and doing away with the scheduled stop at Mathura reportedly account for a saving of 14 minutes, limiting the locomotive to 10 coaches – Bhopal Shatabdi has 14 – leads to a decrement of another two minutes, approximately �ve minutes are being saved on account of track improvements and superior infrastructure, three minutes owing to route relay interlocking at Agra, and one minute each on approval to run a passenger train on the third line at Palwal and Bhuteshwar, installation of thick web switches at four points and in putting up a track station at Chhata.

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Page 5: High Speed Rail Projects in India

Also, India is targeting only lower end of 160–200 km/h speed of semi-high speed trains. So, focus is to achieve 160 km/h not the 200 km/h.

There is serious question raised about the safety of the passengers as the infrastructure on which semi-high speed trains are running may not be able to run at such high speeds, for example it is preferred to run these trains on 60 kilogram tracks but now they are running on 52 kilogram tracks There are multiple railway projects which are in different stages of implementation like doubling of tracks, electri�cation, new track laying, changing of gauge etc. But Indian railways has not come up with any guidelines to channelize all current and new efforts to run trains at semi-high speed.

Proposal�to�introduce�300-350�km/h�trainsHistoryOne of the �rst proposals to introduce high-speed trains in India was mooted in the mid-1980s by then Railway Minister Madhavrao Scindia. A highspeed rail line between Delhi and Kanpur via Agra was proposed. An internal study found the proposal not to be viable at that time due to the high cost of construction and inability of travelling passengers to bear much higher fares than those for normal trains. The railways instead introduced Shatabdi trains which ran at 130 km/h The Indian Ministry of Railways' white-paper "Vision 2020",[7] submitted to Indian Parliament on December 18, 2009,[19] envisages the implementation of regional high-speed rail projects to provide services at 250–350 km/h, and planning for corridors connecting commercial, tourist, and pilgrimage hubs. Six corridors have been identi�ed for technical studies on setting up of high-speed rail corridors:

on a Design, Build, Finance, Operate, and Transfer (DBFOT) basis.[24] The corporation was officially formed on 29 October 2013.

Delhi–Chandigarh–Amritsar, Pune-Mumbai-Ahmedabad, Hyderabad-Kazipet-Dornakal-Vijayawada-Chennai, Howrah–Haldia, Chennai-Bangalore-Coimbatore-Kochi Thiruvananthapuram, Delhi-Agra-Lucknow-Varanasi-Patna. These high-speed rail corridors will be built aselevated corridors.Indian Railway set up a corporation called High Speed Rail Corporation of India Ltd) on 25 July 2013, that will deal with the proposed high-speed rail corridor projects. The corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd. (RVNL).[20][21] It will handle tendering, pre-feasibility studies, awarding contracts, and execution of the projects.[22] The corporation will comprise four members, all of whom will be railway officials.[23] All high-speed rail lines will be implemented as public–private partnerships

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In a feasibility study published in 1987, RDSO and JICA estimated the construction cost to be Rs 49 million per km, for a line dedicated to 250–300 km/h trains. In 2010, that 1987-estimated cost, in�ated at 10% a year, would be Rs 439 million per km (US$9.5 million/km).[26] RITES is currently performing a feasibility study.According to news media, the costs for constructing such rail lines in India are estimated to be Rs 700-1000 million per km (US$15–22 million/km). Therefore the Mumbai-Ahmedabad route of 500 km, will cost Rs 370 billion (US$8.04 billion) to build and to make a pro�t, passengers will have to be charged Rs 5 per km (US$0.11/km). Delhi to Amritsar one-way, a distance of 450 km, will cost about Rs 2000 (US$43.48). At US$15–22 million per km, cost estimates are in line with US$18 million per km of the recently completed Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR line in China. The Mumbai - Ahmedabad line is expected to cost Rs 650 billion

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Page 6: High Speed Rail Projects in India

Cost

RoutesIn India, trains in the future with top speeds of 300–350 km/h, are envisaged to run on elevated corridors to isolate high-speed train tracks and thereby prevent trespassing by animals and people.

The current conventional lines between Amritsar-New Delhi, and Ahmedabad-Mumbai runs through suburban and rural areas, which are �at and have no tunnels. Ahmedabad-Mumbai line runs near the coast therefore have more bridges, and parts of it are in backwaters or forest. The 1987 RDSO/JICA feasibility study found the Mumbai-Ahmedabad line as most promising. Maharashtra state government has proposed a link between Mumbai and Nagpur. The government also wants a corridor to connect to Navi Mumbai International Airport

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�-�

Nationwide

East India

Delhi - Jodhpur

High-Speed

Passenger

Corridor

- - -Delhi Jaipur Ajmer Jodhpur 1676 TBD 591 TBD Proposed

High-Speed

CorridorRoute

Track

gaugeStations Speed

Length

(km)

Further

ExtensionStatus

Diamond

QuadrilateralDelhi Mumbai �-�Chennai �-�Kolkata �-�Delhi 1676 TBA

250 -

350

6,500 -

7,000No Extension

Approved in Rail

budget 2014

Howrah - Haldia

High-Speed

Passenger Corridor

-Howrah Haldia 1676 TBD250-

300135 TBD

Approved by

Planning

Commission &

PMO

North�India

Delhi - Kolkata High-

Speed Passenger

Corridor

- - - - - -Delhi Agra Kanpur Lucknow Varanasi Patna Kolkata 1676 TBD200 -

350991 Howrah

Approved by

Planning

Commission�&PMO

Delhi - Amritsar

High-Speed

Passenger Corridor

- -Delhi Chandigarh Amritsar 1676 TBD 450 TBD

Approved by

Planning

Commission &

PMO

Mumbai–

Ahmedabad high-

speed passenger

corridor

-Mumbai Ahmedabad 1676 11 320 534

Approved by

Planning

Commission &

PMO

Rajkot - Veraval

High -Speed

Passenger Corridor

�-� �-�Rajkot Junagadh Veraval 1676 TBD 350 TBD

- - - -)

- -� �-� �-

South India

Hyderabad -

Chennai High-Speed

Passenger Corridor

Hyderabad Kazipet Dornakal Vijayawada Chennai 1676 TBD 664Howrah (Via

Visakhapatnam

Approved by

Planning

Commission &

PMO

Chennai -

Thiruvananthapuram

High-Speed

Passenger Corridor

Chennai Bangalore Coimbatore Kochi

ThiruvananthapuramTBD 350 850

Approved by

Planning

Commission &

PMO

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Page 7: High Speed Rail Projects in India

-

Commission &

Bangalore - Mysore

High-Speed

Passenger

Corridor

TBD 350 110 Not plannedApproved in Rail

budget 2014

Thiruvananthapuram

Mangalore High-

Speed Passenger

Corridor

Thiruvananthapuram Mangalore 1435 9 300 585 Udupi

Scrapped by

Kerala State

Government

Approved by

Planning

PMO

Project�execution

To put the construction in perspective, in the period 2005-09 Indian Railways took on construction of 42 completely new conventional lines, a total of 4060 km at a cost of Rs 167 billion (US$3.63 billion), or Rs 41 million per km (US$0.89 million/km). A public-private-partnership mode of investment and execution is envisaged the 250–350 km/h high-speed rail project.

Feasibility�studiesMultiple pre-feasibility and feasibility studies have been done or are in progress.

In September 2013, an agreement was signed in New Delhi to complete a feasibility study of high-speed rail between Ahmedabad and Mumbai, within 18 months. The study will cost ¥500 million and the cost will be shared 50:50 by Japan and India. Location of the station, its accessibility, integration with public transport, parking and railway stations design[40] play an important role in the success of the high speed rail. Mumbai may have underground corridor to have high speed rail start from the CST terminal.[41] European experiences have shown that railway stations outside the city receive less patronage and ultimately making the high speed railway line unfeasible. High Speed Rail Corporation has called for international bidders for carrying out a pre-feasibility study of the 450-km Delhi - Chandigarh - Amritsar High Speed Corridor.

The consultants for pre-feasibility studyfor four corridors are.

Systra, Italferr and RITES Limited for Pune – Mumbai – Ahmedabad,.British �rm Mott MacDonald for Delhi-Agra-Lucknow-Varanasi-Patna .INECO, PROINTEC, Ayesa for Howrah-Haldia. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) and Oriental Consultancy along with Parsons Brinckerhoff India for Hyderabad-Dornakal-Vijaywada-Chennai.

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Bangalore - Mysore

Page 8: High Speed Rail Projects in India

High Speed Rail Corporation has called for international bidders for carrying out a pre-feasibility study of the 450-km Delhi - Chandigarh - Amritsar High Speed Corridor

Speed�of�trainsType of

Train

Operational

Speed

Average

SpeedGovernment Approval

Indigenous

ProductionManufacturers/Operators

Super

Speed

500 –

550 km/h450 km/h NO NO JR Central (Japan), Transrapid (Germany)

High Speed250 –

350 km/h200 km/h NO NO

Shinkansen Japan, AGV France, Velaro /Ze�ro /ICx

Germany and CRH China

Semi-High

Speed

160 –

200 km/h110 km/h

Tentatively scheduled to start

operation in 2015YES

Kapurthala Rail Coach Factory (Indian, max. speed

of 160 km/h)

Express

Trains130 km/h

70 –

90 km/hAlready in operation YES WAP-5 , WAP-7 and LHB�coaches �of�Indian�Railways

Passenger 40 – 50 km/hbelow

36 km/hAlready in operation YES Rail Coach Factory of Indian Railway

Further�information:�Diamond�QuadrilateralThe Diamond Quadrilateral high speed network connecting the four major cities of Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai was a key plank in the BJP's election manifesto. PM Modi mentioned in his address to the joint session of Parliament on 9 June 2014 that the new Government was committing to launch the project.

Plan�to�introduce�500�-�550�km/h�trainsIndia is considering running a high speed train using magnetic levitation Maglev technology. High speed rail in India is still in feasibility study stage with the running of �rst high-speed rail is at-least 15 years away(2025-2030, considering DFC implementation). Japan's new high-speed rail lines will be built to run trains above 500 km/h. India may choose this technology as the standard for the high-speed railway in India.Shinkansen and China's Shanghai train have maximum speed above 500 km/h. Such railway systems are expected to increase of the competitiveness of the Indian economy multi-fold by substantially decreasing the time-cost and logistical delays compared to other economies of the world. Japan's new railway system has the maximum speed of 590 km/h with a 600 km/h speed planned for this railway technology. this will transform Indian economies competitiveness compared to other economies of the world, with lowest time-cost and transportation time. Overnight journeys will become 1 hour affair.

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