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RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS DURING KHARIF 2015 AND

RESEARCH PROGRAMMES FOCUSING KHARIF 2016

Rainfall Pattern The state is normally receiving 843.5 mm average rainfall during Kharif (1 June to 30

September) season. During Kharif 2015, Kangra received 1434.2 mm, Una 1132.3 mm, Hamirpur 931.3 mm, Mandi 906.7 mm, Sirmaur 773.8 mm, Solan 759.1 mm, Chamba 724.5 mm, Bilaspur 703.7 mm, Shimla 615.9 mm, Kullu 482.8 mm, Lahaul & Spiti 145.7 mm and Kinnaur 122.1 mm rainfall. The state received 615.9 mm rainfall which was deficit by 27.0% during the season.

Since excess rainfall was received in all the districts during the first fortnight of May, sufficient moisture was available for the start of sowing of maize crop. Bilaspur, Mandi, Sirmaur, Solan and L&S received deficit (-20 to -59 %) rainfall during June and remaining districts witnessed either normal, near normal (-19 to +19 %) or excess (≥ 20 %) rainfall. Sowing of maize and rice transplanting was completed in time due to sufficient soil moisture. The near normal (-16%) rainfall during June proved to be good for the growth of maize, rice and vegetables in the state.

During July, Kinnaur and L&S received scanty (-60 to -99 %) rainfall whereas it was deficit in Sirmaur and Chamba districts. The remaining districts received either normal or near normal or excess rainfall. In spite of scanty rains (due to subdued monsoon activity) in dry temperate regions, crops like peas, potato, barley and Cole crops sown in April and May performed well due to ample irrigation facilities. During August, six districts viz., Bilaspur, Hamirpur, Kangra, Mandi, Shimla and Una received normal or excess rainfall and equal number of districts, Sirmaur, Solan, Kullu, Chamba, L&S and Kinnaur received either deficit or scanty rainfall. Excess rainfall during the first fortnight of August helped the crops to cope well with previous below normal rains in the state. However, these rains had negative influence on the vegetables. During September all the districts received either deficit or scanty rainfall. The deficit or scanty rainfall during second fortnight of August and during September affected maize, rice and vegetables in some areas of the state.

Since June 1 to September 30, 2015, six districts viz., Hamirpur, Kangra, Kullu, Mandi, Shimla and Una received near normal or excess rain fall whereas the remaining districts experienced either deficit or scanty rainfall. A total of 615.9 mm rainfall was received in the state against the normal of 843.5 mm, the corresponding value for 2014 was 521.6 mm (Table 1). Monsoon withdrew on 29th September against its normal date of 21st September. This prolonged monsoon activity interfered with harvesting of maize crop in some areas. _______________________________________________________________________ Lecture delivered by Dr. S.S. Kanwar, Director of Research, CSK H.P. Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur in the Agricultural Officers’ Workshop on Kharif crops held at CSKHPKV, Palampur on April 21, 2016

Research Highlights: Kharif-2015/ Research Priorities: Kharif-2016

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Table 1. Monthly rainfall during Kharif, 2015 in Himachal Pradesh as compared to Kharif, 2014.

Month June July August September Seasonal total

Actual (mm) 2015 83.8 246.6 212 73.5 615.9 2014 52.9 214.4 167.8 86.5 521.6 Normal (mm) 99.3 311.1 290.8 142.4 843.5

Departure (%) from normal 2015 -16 -21 -27 -48 -27 2014 -47 -31 -42 -39 -38


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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: KHARIF-2015 Significant research accomplishments for different ongoing programmes of the University during Kharif-2015 are given as under:

Crop Improvement

Varietal Development Status

Maize:

• At SAREC, Kangra, two sweet corn maize genotypes viz., FSCH-18 and KSCH-333 for the state in AICMIP (maize) have been identified.

• Two early maturing maize hybrids viz., KMH13-15 (88.2q/ha) and KMH 13-17 (87.4q/ha) and two medium maturing hybrid KMH13-5 (86.97q/ha) and KMH13-79 (95.17q/ha) which showed more than 15 % heterosis over the best check Bisco-855 (75.41q/ha) have been inducted in IET-63 & IET -62, respectively during Kharif 2015

• 81 new single cross maize hybrids were evaluated in the station trial at SAREC, Kangra and only two hybrids KMH-14-37(86.15q/ha) and KMH-14-73 (93.12 q/ha) exhibited more than 15 % heterosis over the best check Bisco-855 (73.84q/ha)

• During kharif 2015, twenty nine maize hybrids supplied by various private companies were evaluated along with two checks PMZ-4 (modified single cross) of Monsanto India, Ltd and Vivek-21 (single cross) of VPKAS, Almora at six different locations of CSKHPKV ( Palampur, Sundernagar, Kangra, Akrot, Bajaura and Dhaulakuan). Based upon overall performance of private sector maize hybrids tested at the locations Dhaulakuan and Akrot in Zone-I of the State, it was recorded that entry SIRI-5455 (78.52q/ha) statistically out yielded the best check PMZ-4 (62.25 q/ha). However, 10 entries viz. Maize 8081 (43.17q/ha), Aishwarya 3546 (46.13q/ha), AB 646 (42.82q/ha), Bisco Kohinoor Delux (50.17q/ha), PG 2442 (46.81q/ha), Bisco Kanhak-51 (42.28q/ha), Bio 9544 (49.71 q/ha), KH 440 (37.08q/ha), Star 56 (50.47q/ha) and Navneet (22.83 q/ha) recorded significantly lower yield as compared to the best check. The remaining 18 entries were statistically at par for seed yield with the best check PMZ-4 (Table 2). The twenty nine hybrids tested in Zone-I were also evaluated for their performance in Zone-II of the State, at four testing centres of the University viz. Palampur, Sundernagar, Kangra and Bajaura. Significantly higher seed yield was obtained in five entries viz. DKC- 9164 (86.72 q/ha.), DKC-8144 (82.83q/ha), DKC-8164 (IP-8247) (82.40q/ha), NMH-803 (Shaurya) (82.04q/ha) and KH-5992 (80.48q/ha) over the best check PMZ-4 (68.82q/ha). Five entries namely PG-2482 (58.14q/ha), KH-440 (56.0q/ha), Star 56 (53.99q/ha), Swarna (55.40 q/ha) and Navneet (43.06 q/ha) recorded singnificantly lower yield over the best check PMZ-4 . All the remaining 19 entries yielded statistically at par with the best check PMZ-4 (68.82 q/ha) (Table 3). At Dhaulakuan (Zone-I), five hybrids namely PG 2482, Bio-605, Bharti 333, KH 5992 and NMH 803 (Shaurya) were found to be susceptible to Erwinia Stalk Rot (ESR) showing more than 30% infestation, on the basis of which these entries were adjudged as unsuitable for cultivation in the Zone-I of the State. In zone-I of the State, 14 private sector maize hybrids viz, SIRI-5455, DKC 9164, P3377, Polo Gold, DKC 8144, AB 9452, PL 786, P 3441, DKC 8164(IP-8247), DKC 9144, P 3436, Swarna, NK-30 and P 3520 were found suitable for commercial cultivation. In Zone-II of the State,24 private sector maize hybrids viz, DKC 9164, DKC 8144, DKC 8164(IP-8247), NMH-803(Shaurya), KH 5992, P3441, PL 786, AB 9452, Polo Gold, SIRI-5455, Aishwarya 3546, Bio-605, P 3377, Maize 8081, Bio-9544, Bharti 333, NK-30, Bisco Kanak -51, AB 646, DKC 9144, P 3520, P 3436, PG-2442 and Bisco Kohinoor Deluxe were found to be suitable for commercial cultivation.


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Table 2: Mean performance of maize hybrids for seed yield (q/ha) over locations in Zone-I of HP during Kharif 2015

* Significantly lower yielder over the best check ** Significantly higher yielder over the best check

S.No.

Code

Name of the Hybrid

Locations (2) Rank Akrot D/Kuan Overall Mean

1 1501 Maize 8081 59.97 26.37 43.17* - 2 1502 Aishwarya 3546 56.23 36.04 46.13* - 3 1503 AB 646 50.65 34.98 42.82* - 4 1504 PG-2482 55.40 50.56 52.98 - 5 1505 NK-30 50.82 56.10 53.46 14 6 1506 Bio-605 57.48 58.33 57.90 - 7 1507 DKC 8164 (IP-8247) 61.23 56.91 59.07 10 8 1508 DKC 9164 87.47 57.55 72.51 2 9 1509 Vivek-21 ( C ) 55.81 48.54 52.17 - 10 1510 P 3377 71.64 67.66 69.65 3 11 1511 Bharati 333 68.21 63.89 66.05 - 12 1512 Bisco Kohinoor

Deluxe 48.32 52.03

50.17* -

13 1513 DKC 8144 77.06 58.16 67.61 5 14 1514 AB 9452 69.98 62.22 66.10 6 15 1515 KH 5992 84.25 61.33 72.79 - 16 1516 SIRI-5455 97.05 60.00 78.52** 1 17 1517 PG -2442 64.56 29.07 46.81* - 18 1518 DKC 9144 72.89 44.45 58.67 11 19 1519 PMZ 4 ( C ) 70.81 53.69 62.25 7 20 1520 P 3436 74.55 41.78 58.17 12 21 1521 Bisco Kanak-51 47.07 37.50 42.28* - 22 1522 NMH-803 (Shaurya) 74.56 56.10 65.33 - 23 1523 P 3441 79.14 40.57 59.85 9 24 1524 Bio-9544 59.98 39.44 49.71* - 25 1525 KH 440 44.15 30.01 37.08* - 26 1526 Polo Gold 54.57 80.77 67.67 4 27 1527 PL 786 61.23 62.09 61.66 8 28 1528 P 3520 55.40 51.11 53.25 15 29 1529 Star 56 53.73 47.20 50.47* - 30 1530 Swarna 73.57 39.96 56.77 13 31 1531 Navneet 26.66 19.01 22.83* - CD (5%) 14.39 8.21 11.47

CV (%) 11.12 8.18 10.20 Overall Mean 63.37

49.14 56.25


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Table 3: Mean performance of maize hybrids for seed yield (q/ha) over locations in Zone-II of HP during Kharif 2015

*Significantly lower yielder over the best check ** Significantly higher yielder over the best check

S.No.

Code

Name of the Hybrid

Locations (4) Rank Zone II

Bajaura Palampur

Kangra

S. Nagar Overall Mean

1 1501 Maize 8081 73.49 82.10 73.01 53.09 70.42 14 2 1502 Aishwarya 3546 73.82 84.42 75.62 56.84 72.68 11 3 1503 AB 646 83.40 76.66 43.50 67.52 67.77 20 4 1504 PG-2482 51.76 80.96 44.49 55.36 58.14* - 5 1505 NK-30 78.29 71.89 56.36 70.31 69.21 17 6 1506 Bio-605 69.54 78.72 61.76 75.29 71.33 12 7 1507 DKC 8164 (IP-8247) 89.91 80.09 71.41 88.18 82.40** 3 8 1508 DKC 9164 86.03 96.21 68.02 96.60 86.72** 1 9 1509 Vivek-21 ( C ) 75.48 69.36 54.70 36.05 58.90* - 10 1510 P 3377 71.65 79.63 62.20 69.54 70.76 13 11 1511 Bharati 333 63.72 68.10 67.56 79.17 69.64 16 12 1512 Bisco Kohinoor

Deluxe 66.50 83.67 64.30 36.09 62.64 25

13 1513 DKC 8144 86.26 86.22 71.97 86.87 82.83** 2 14 1514 AB 9452 88.72 90.17 70.61 51.63 75.28 8 15 1515 KH 5992 91.15 80.59 82.66 67.53 80.48** 5 16 1516 SIRI-5455 66.97 88.76 52.08 88.95 74.19 10 17 1517 PG -2442 59.24 81.13 59.54 53.79 63.43 24 18 1518 DKC 9144 64.22 81.59 52.76 71.60 67.54 21 19 1519 PMZ 4 ( C ) 71.80 67.93 77.18 58.36 68.82 18 20 1520 P 3436 62.57 63.34 67.56 68.03 65.37 23 21 1521 Bisco Kanak-51 69.37 82.88 64.71 57.96 68.73 19 22 1522 NMH-803 (Shaurya) 63.09 70.56 95.36 99.16 82.04** 4 23 1523 P 3441 61.62 83.01 64.58 98.01 76.80 6 24 1524 Bio-9544 56.34 76.80 56.21 90.88 70.06 15 25 1525 KH 440 46.14 58.81 51.15 67.90 56.00* - 26 1526 Polo Gold 98.81 84.97 46.53 68.85 74.79 9 27 1527 PL 786 93.69 82.41 70.00 55.82 75.48 7 28 1528 P 3520 69.76 72.47 61.37 58.36 65.49 22 29 1529 Star 56 56.63 61.18 49.02 49.11 53.99* - 30 1530 Swarna 55.96 61.93 51.81 51.90 55.40* - 31 1531 Navneet 35.96 40.53 45.75 50.01 43.06* - CD (5%) 7.67 12.58 8.49 9.8 9.42

CV (%) 5.34 8.07 6.67 7.16 6.96 Overall Mean 70.38 76.36 62.38 67.06 69.04


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Rice:

• Entries HPR 2696, HPR 2774, HPR 2872, HPR 2873 and HPR-2779 were promoted to AVT II year under AICRP Rice (Hills).

• Rice hybrids SIRI 2266 and ARIZE SWIFT GOLD from private sector were found promising.

• Him Palam Dhan-1 (HPR 2656) : This variety has been derived from the cross RP 2421 x VL Dhan 221. It is suitable for cultivation in low and mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh under upland conditions. The variety has intermediate plant height, medium maturity (120-125 days), long and dense panicles and short-bold translucent grains. It has very low spikelet sterility which further enhances its productivity. It is resistant to blast under prevailing climatic conditions in the State and tolerant to leaf folder and rice hispa. The average yield of this variety has been estimated between 27-32 q/ ha.

• Him Palam Dhan- 2 (HPR 2880) : This variety has been derived from the cross HPU 2216 x Tetep. It is suitable for cultivation in low and mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh under irrigated conditions. This variety has intermediate plant height, medium maturity (120-125 days), medium dense panicles and medium slender translucent grains. Its amylose content is 24.1 which is good for cooking quality. This variety is resistant to leaf and neck blast. It is the first rice variety in the university derived through Marker Assisted Selection using modern molecular approach. It has also tolerance to leaf folder and rice hispa. The average yield of the variety ranged between 45-55 q/ ha.

• Arize Swift Gold (BS 049): It is high yielding hybrid variety developed by Bayer Bio Science Pvt. Ltd. It is recommended for cultivation in low hills sub mountainous and mid-hills (below 1000 amsl) of Himachal Pradesh under irrigated conditions. It has intermediate plant height (85 cm), with medium maturity (135-140 days) and long and dense panicles. Its grains are medium long, bold with light brown colour. In addition to leaf and neck blast, this hybrid is resistant to bacterial blight also. The average yield of this hybrid has been estimated between 68-73 q/ ha.

• B S 10008: This rice hybrid is developed by Bayer Bio Science Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad. It has been recommended for cultivation in low hills sub mountainous and mid-hills region (below 1000 amsl) of Himachal Pradesh under irrigated conditions. This hybrid has intermediate height with medium maturity (120-125 days) and long slender grains. It is resistant to leaf and neck blast. Its average yield is estimated between 70-75 q/ ha.

• During kharif 2015, twelve rice hybrids supplied by various private companies were evaluated along with two checks Arize-6129 and Arize Swift at five different locations i.e. two in Zone-I ( Dhaulakuan & Una) and three in Zone –II (Kangra, Malan and Sunder Nagar) of the State. The multilocational trials were conducted in a randomized block design and data recorded on various traits compiled and statistically analyzed separately for Zone- I and Zone- II of the State. Based upon overall performance of private sector rice hybrids tested at the location Dhaulakuan and Una in Zone-I of the State, it was recorded that none of the rice hybrid could statistically out yield the best check Arize-6129, however, 5 entries viz., Laxmi (63.69 q/ha), LG 92-01(60.18q/ha), LG 94-02 (60.18 q/ha), GAP Hy Paddy 4011 (58.77q/ha) and Paddy Hy 834 (57.75q/ha) were statistically at par for seed yield with the best check Arize-6129 (60.62 q/ha), rest of the 7 rice hybrids recorded significantly lower yield as compared to the best check (Table 4). The twelve rice hybrids tested in Zone-I was also evaluated for their performance in Zone-II of the State, at Sunder Nagar, Kangra and Malan. None of the entries significantly out yielded the best check Arize Swift. Eight rice hybrids viz. SIRI 2266 (67.55 q/ha), BS 049 (Arize Swift Gold) (67.02 q/ha), Paddy Hy 834 (65.33 q/ha), Laxmi (64.91 q/ha), NPH 207(Champion) (64.64 q/ha), LG 92-01(61.94 q/ha), BS 6129 Gold (Arize 6129 Gold) (61.43 q/ha) and LG 93-01 (61.08 q/ha) yielded statistically at par with the best check Arize-Swift (64.86 q/ha). However, remaining four entries viz., LG 94-02


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(59.58q/ha), GAP Hy Paddy 4011 (55.89 q/ha), Sonam (58.55 q/ha) and KSP 172 (46.24 q/ha) recorded significantly lower yield over the best check (Table 5). Almost all the hybrids exhibited highly resistant to moderately susceptible reactions towards various diseases under natural conditions. On the basis of overall performance of rice hybrids towards disease reaction, three rice hybrids namely LG 92-01, Sonam and KSP 172 were found to be susceptible to neck-blast at Malan and were adjudged unsuitable for cultivation in the Zone II of the State In Zone-I of the State, 5 rice hybrids viz, Laxmi (63.69 q/ha), LG 92-01(60.18q/ha), LG 94-02 (60.18 q/ha), GAP Hy Paddy 4011 (58.77q/ha) and Paddy Hy 834 (57.75q/ha) were found suitable for commercial cultivation . In Zone-II of the State, 7 rice hybrids viz. SIRI 2266 (67.55 q/ha), BS 049 (Arize Swift Gold) (67.02 q/ha), Paddy Hy 834 (65.33 q/ha), Laxmi (64.91 q/ha), NPH 207( Champion) (64.64 q/ha), BS 6129 Gold (Arize 6129 Gold) (61.43 q/ha) and LG 93-01 (61.08 q/ha) were found to be suitable for commercial cultivation.

Table 4: Grain yield of different rice hybrids tested during Kharif 2015 in Zone -I of Himachal Pradesh

* Significantly lower yielder over the best check

Sr. No. Code

Name of Hybrid Grain Yield (q / ha) Rank Dhaulakuan Una Mean

1. 1501 LG 92-01 54.29 66.07 60.18 3 2. 1502 LG 94-02 51.25 69.11 60.18 3 3. 1503 GAP Hy Paddy 4011 51.77 65.77 58.77 4 4. 1504 Laxmi 57.04 70.33 63.69 1 5. 1505 Paddy Hy 834 39.06 76.43 57.75 5 6. 1506 Arize - 6129 ( C ) 53.67 67.56 60.62 2 7. 1507 LG 93-01 37.40 52.98 45.19* - 8. 1508 NPH 207 (Champion) 54.79 25.00 39.90* - 9. 1509 SIRI 2266 55.69 39.08 47.39* - 10. 1510 Sonam 43.65 24.70 34.18* - 11.

1511 BS 6129 Gold (Arize 6129 Gold) 38.02 33.63 35.83* -

12 1512 BS 049 (Arize Swift Gold) 45.69 56.55 51.12* - 13 1513 Arize Swift ( C ) 50.90 36.18 43.54* - 14 1514 KSP 172 43.44 34.82 39.13* - CD (5%) 04.15 20.89 05.79


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Table 5: Grain yield of different rice hybrids tested during Kharif 2014 in Zone-II of Himachal Pradesh

Sr. No.

Code Name of Hybrid Zone II Rank Sunder Nagar

Kangra Malan Mean

1 1501 LG 92-01 42.50 89.37 53.95 61.94** - 2 1502 LG 94-02 40.00 99.49 39.26 59.58* - 3 1503 GAP Hy Paddy 4011 50.00 72.00 45.67 55.89* - 4 1504 Laxmi 56.25 94.49 43.98 64.91 4 5 1505 Paddy Hy 834 65.00 76.98 54.02 65.33 3 6 1506 Arize - 6129 ( C ) 53.75 85.37 54.84 64.65 6 7 1507 LG 93-01 51.25 81.21 50.78 61.08 9 8 1508 NPH 207 (Champion) 57.50 84.44 51.99 64.64 7 9 1509 SIRI 2266 58.75 96.08 47.81 67.55 1 10 1510 Sonam 51.25 87.28 37.13 58.55*/** - 11

1511 BS 6129 Gold (Arize 6129 Gold) 48.75

85.33 50.21 61.43

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12 1512 BS 049 (Arize Swift Gold) 60.00 91.12 50.48 67.20 2 13 1513 Arize Swift ( C ) 56.25 88.91 49.41 64.86 5 14 1514 KSP 172 37.50 68.89 32.32 46.24*/** - CD (5%) 5.18 10.28 8.88 04.89 -

* Significantly lower yielder over the best check ** Susceptible to neck-blast

Seed Production and Seed Technology Nucleus and Breeder Seed Production

• During Kharif, 2015, a total of 200 kg nucleus seed of different varieties of soybean was produced (Table 6).

Table 6: Nucleus seed of soybean produced (kg) during Kharif 2015

Crop Variety Quantity produced (q)

Soybean Hara Soya 44.00

Palam soya 44.00

Shivalik 44.00

Himso 1588 68.00

Total 200.00

• A total of 15856.00 kg breeder seed of cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetables and fodder crops was produced by the University during Kharif 2015 (Table 7).


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Table 7: Breeder seed of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fodder crops produced (kg) during Kharif 2015. Crop Variety/Hybrid Total Breeder Seed

produced (kg) Cereals

Maize Bajaura Makka, Girija, Early Composite, Bajaura popcorn,

Baby Corn

565.00

Paddy HPR 2143, HPR 1068, HPR 1156, RP 2421, Kasturi Basmati,

VL Dhan 221, HPR 2720, HPR 2612, Pusa 1121, Pusa 1509

6535.00

Total 7100.00

Oilseeds

Soybean Hara Soya, Palam Soya, Himso 1588, Shivalik 2390.00

Til LTK 4 450.00

Toria Bhawani 600.00

Total 3440.00

Pulses

Kulthi HPK 4, VLG 1 100.00

Mash UG 218, Kullu 4, Palampur 93, Pant U 19, PDU1, Him Mash1 2742.00

Rajmash Kanchan, Him 1, Jwala, Baspa, Kailash 1759.00

Moong Suketi 22.00

Total 4623.00

Vegetables

Chillies Surajmukhi 5.00

Brinjal Arka Nidhi 2.00

Okra P 8 182.00

Bean

Contender 109.00

Total 298.00

Forage Crops

Maize African Tall 395.00

Total 395.00

Grand total 15856.00

• A total of 8889.00 kg. Foundation seed of cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetables and fodder

crops was also produced by the University during Kharif 2015 (Table 8).


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Table 8: Foundation seed of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fodder crops produced (kg) during Kharif 2015. Crop Variety/hybrid Total foundation seed

produced (kg) Cereals

Maize HQPM 1 hybrid 90.00 Paddy Pusa Basmati, HPR 2143 3405.00 Total 3495.00

Oilseeds Soybean Hara soya, Palam soya 1015.00 Toria Bhawani 1030.00 Total 2045.00

Pulses Mash UG 218, Pant U-19, Him Mash-1, P 93 2475.00 Moong Suketi, IPM-02-3 207.00 Cowpea C 475, C 519 60.00 Arhar Sarita 145.00 Total 2887.00

Vegetables Okra Palam Komal 216.00 Chilli

Surajmukhi 3.00

French bean Palam Mridul 24.00 Total 243.00

Forage crops Maize African Tall 219.00 Total 219.00 Grand Total 8889.00 Seed Technology Research

• First & final count, seedling length, speed of germination, seedling dry weight and vigour index were found good indicators of field emergence in hybrid maize (HQPM 1).

• Genetic purity of 8 private sector maize hybrids and 142 landraces was ascertained using SSR markers and the fingerprinting library maintained.

• No effect of polymer coating was observed on seed yield, yield contributing traits and seed quality parameters in soybean.

• While standardizing seed production technology in green manure crop daincha (Sesbania aculeata), foliar spray with DAP 2%+ MN Mixture (Zn+B) + NAA 40 ppm produced significantly higher seed yield. However, no effect of pinching was observed on various yield contributing traits.

• Seed production technology in green manure crop pillipesara (Vigna trilobata) revealed that pinching did not affect seed yield and yield contributing traits over non-pinching. Foliar spray with different chemicals also adversely affect the seed yield and other seed attributing traits.

• Seven varieties of rice viz., HPR-2143, HPR-1156, HPR-2720, RP-2421, VL-221, HPR-1068 and Kasturi Basmati were identified using SSR markers and the fingerprinting library maintained.


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Crop Production

Identification of need based cropping systems for different agro-climatic conditions

• Okra-radish-onion and turmeric – pea – summer squash being statistically at par with rice – pea – summer squash and rice – palak – cucumber were the better alternatives to traditional rice – wheat cropping system in terms of rice grain equivalent yield (Table 9). However, in terms of energy output, only rice – pea - summer squash and rice – lettuce – potato + coriander were comparable to rice – wheat. This indicated that complete giving up/diversification of rice – wheat system is not advisable.

Table 9: Yield (kg/ha) and energy output (106 K cal/ha/annum) under different crop sequences (2014-15) Crop sequence Yield main product RGEY* Energy output

Kharif Intercrop Rabi (I) Rabi (II) C1: Rice - Wheat 4451 - 1468 - 6212 20.5 C2: Rice - Pea-Summer Squash 4072 - 3409 5208 16098 18.1 C3: Okra-Radish-Onion 1705 - 2841 8617 19176 5.4 C4: Turmeric- Pea- Summer Squash 2367 - 3977 4735 18608 12.7 C5: Rice-Lettuce-Potato+Coriander 4451 - 947 4640 10038 20.1 C6: Rice-Palak-Cucumber 3883 - 1136 11364 16383 15.2 C7: Rice-Broccoli-Radish 3504 - 2580 2178 10843 13.4 C8: Colocasia-Pea+Coriander 4261 597 2334 - 13788 6.6 LSD (P=0.05) 3236 4.0 *MGEY, maize grain equivalent yield

• Intercropping one row of Rajmash by sowing on 25th May and Mash on 30th June not only decreased the weed intensity in Lavender but also gave additional legume yield of 1.3q and 2.6q,respectively which is reflected on the total increase in system productivity.

• Mash sowing on 15th July gave 10 per cent higher yield over 25th June sowing. • Rajmash variety Baspa gave 15% higher yield over Jawala under wet temperate condition

Permanent plot experiment on integrated nutrient supply system in a cereal based cropping sequence (Rice-wheat)

• Based upon twenty three years research findings (excluding the three stabilizing years), 50% NPK (fertilizers) + 50% N (FYM) applied to rice followed by 100% NPK (fertilizers) to wheat in sequence had the highest average rice and wheat yields (4019 and 3196 kg/ha), average total yield (7747 kg/ha) and sustainable yield index (Table 10). This was followed by 100% NPK (fertilizers) to both rice and wheat in sequence with rice grain equivalent yield of 6972 kg/ha and 50% NPK through fertilizers and 50 through green manure to rice and 100% NPK to wheat in sequence with rice grain equivalent yield of 6632 kg/ha.


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Table 10: Average grain yields of rice and wheat, rice + wheat and sustainability index (1994-95 to 2014-15)

Treatments Rice Wheat Rice +

wheat

Sustainability index

Kharif Rabi Rice Wheat Rice equivalent

yield T1

Control Control 2609 1143 3933 0.204 0.093 0.361

T2 50% NPK 50% NPK

3159 1989 5493 0.243 0.156 0.518

T3 50% NPK 100% NPK

3256 2530 6208 0.249 0.194 0.564

T4 75% NPK 75% NPK

3278 2299 5924 0.275 0.179 0.569

T5 100% NPK 100% NPK

3451 3026 6972 0.263 0.262 0.666

T6 50% NPK+50% N FYM

100% NPK

4019 3196 7747 0.320 0.273 0.730

T7 75% NPK+25% N FYM

75% NPK

3606 2488 6501 0.254 0.211 0.604

T8 50% NPK+50% N WCS*

100% NPK

3293 2549 6223 0.254 0.194 0.585

T9 75% NPK+25% N WCS

75% NPK

3316 2277 5944 0.257 0.188 0.548

T10 50% NPK+50% N GM**

100% NPK

3642 2621 6632 0.258 0.202 0.589

T11 75% NPK+25% N GM

75% NPK

3453 2362 6204 0.257 0.191 0.562

T12 Farmers’ Practice

Farmers’ Practice

3638 2103 6087 0.268 0.166 0.560

LSD (P=0.05)

216 280 360 -

Farming system Development of on-station IFS model

• The on station one ha IFS model (crop + dairy) at Bhadhiarkhar farm resulted in gross

returns of INR 221153/- and net returns of INR 70274/- during 2014-15. The highest net returns of INR 37104/- were obtained from copping system component followed by Dairy unit with net returns of INR 14607/- followed by Fodder block with net returns of INR 8539.89/- followed by Horticulture cum vegetable unit with net returns of INR 7483/- only.


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Fodder and Forage production Effect of tree shade and nitrogen levels on production and quality of NB hybrid

• In hill zone under mid and low hills, NBH can be successfully grown under partial shade

of trees, however, more shading significantly reduced the production of this grass. Tree shade reduced the green herbage yield upto 50 per cent. Oxalate contents were higher in the forage produced under tree shade. Shade of the tree also resulted in slight increase in nitrate content in the forage. Oxalate and nitrate contents showed a increasing trend with increasing levels of nitrogen under shaded as well unshaded conditions.

Effect of vegetative barriers and improved forage species on the production of degraded grassland • Under mid hill conditions, planting of NBH or Setaria grass as vegetative at 3 m spacing

(spacing between two rows of barriers) in degraded grassland conditions, on an average conserved about 17.1 % more soil moisture content than no vegetative barrier condition. Vegetative barrier of NBH or Setaria grass also increased the yield of forage species i.e. Setaria alone or Setaria planted with stylosanthes in between the space of vegetative barrier by 60.8% over no vegetative barrier.

• Sowing of sorghum (recommended seed rate) + cowpea (50% of recommended seed rate) produced significantly higher green forage yield (450q/ha) than the sole crop of sorghum (377.0 q/ha) and cowpea (129.0 q/ha) with better quality in term of crude protein content.

Soil Water and Nutrient Management • Grain yield of maize increased as the fertility levels increased showing the successful

creation of fertility gradients. • Application of lime along with recommended rates of N, P and K recorded maize yield at

par with 100% NPK + FYM. • In a long term experiment, exclusion of potassium and sulphur in plant nutrition resulted

into a drastic reduction in maize yields as compared to balanced application of nutrients • Decline in yield of maize with higher application of chemical fertilizers (150% NPK) as

compared to 100%NPK. • The effect of different Zn treatments was significant on the maize grain and straw yield.

Among different levels of zinc, application @ 7.5 kg ha-1 was found to be superior followed by Zn@ 5.0 kg ha-1. over rest of Zn levels applied

• In a long term fertilizer experiment on maize-wheat, application of fertilizers as per STCR approach proved superior to the soil test based and general recommended dose treatment in terms of maize yield during Kharif, 2015.

• The long-term fertilizer study on nutrient management in maize-wheat system revealed that the application of 10 t FYM ha-1 only to maize crop along with 100% recommended dose of NPK to maize recorded highest yield of maize.

• The target yield 40 q ha-1 with 2.5t and 5t ha-1 of FYM and vermicompost was significantly superior as compare to soil test based and general recommended dose in terms of grain and straw yield of maize during Kharif 2015. The conjoint use of organic and inorganic sources based on target yield concept of nutrients resulted in higher yield

• In frontline demonstrations at farmers’ field, application of fertilizers as per target yield concept in general gave higher yields of soybean in comparison to farmers’ practice and general recommended dose.

• Exclusion of potassium and sulphur in plant nutrition has resulted into a drastic reduction in crop yield as compared to balanced application of nutrients.


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• Balanced use of chemical fertilizers improved soil physical properties, while N alone through urea had an adverse effect; integration with organics further enhanced the beneficial effect.

• During kharif season (2015), tomato yield significantly improved at all levels of Boron (B) from 0.5 to 2.0 kg ha-1 compared to treatment where no boron was applied. Treatment receiving B @ 2.0 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher tomato yield compared to rest of the treatments. In all the sets, highest yield (around 218 q ha-1) was recorded at 2.0 kg ha-1 of B application and minimum yield of 197 q ha-1 was recorded in control plots. In general, tomato yield increased with increase in B dose from 0.5 to 2.0 kg ha-1.

• For saving irrigation water (47.96 %) and increasing WUE, brinjal crop should be irrigated with gravity fed drip irrigation system. For maximizing production, water use efficiency and economics gravity fed drip irrigatation, brinjal crop should be fertigated twice a month with 75 per cent of the recommended NPK.

• The production, economics and water use efficiency of brinjal can be improved by planting the crop after incorporation of FYM @ 5-10 t ha-1 and mulching the crop with organic material. The crop should be irrigated with 4 cm of water depth.

Crop Protection Disease Management

• Two foliar sprays of Nativo 75 WG (trifloxystrobin 25 + tebuconazole 50)@0.8g/l gave excellent control of false smut of paddy.

• Out of 1459 rice entries, entries with code nos. NSN –H 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 25, 27, 31, 33, 48, 57 showed combined resistance to leaf blast and neck blast.

• Fungicide ICF-110 (tricyclazole 45% + hexaconazole 10% WG), MERGER (tricyclazole 18% + mancozeb 62% WP) and tricyclazole 75 WP (Beam) were effective in reducing the leaf blast severity and neck blast incidence and increasing the yield in rice crop.

• Rice entries MRST 22, MRST 24 and NSN H 57 were resistant to rice hispa and leaf folder.

• Flubendiamide 240%-g/L+Thiacloprid 240%-g/L and Flubendiamide 480 SC (g/L) and Thiacloprid 240 SC g/L were effective in controlling rice leaf folder and increasing yield.

• Chrysonotomyia species and Dicladispa armigera were reported as larval parasitoid on the rice hispa, (Oliver) for the first time from Himachal Pradesh.

• Foliar application of Nativo resulted in minimum per cent disease index (17.4%) followed by Tilt (20.8%) has been found effective for the management of gray mould of capsicum under protected cultivation.

• Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescence and T. harzianum + P. fluorescence reduced the seed borne infection of chilli and resulted in maximum seed germination and seedling vigour under green house raised nursery conditions.

• Molecular markers linked to BCMV and anthracnose resistance gene have been identified in common bean land race KRC 22 and KRC 5.

• A new emerging disease Gummy Stem Blight of cucumber recorded has been reported under protected cultivation in the state.

• PCR based assay method has been developed for the detection of seed borne infection of Colletotrichum species in chilli seeds.

Insect-Pest Management (IPM)

Screening of rice germplasm against insect -pests

• Against Leaf folder, two entries viz. IET22155 & IET 22449 were found promising in field and net house conditions.


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Management of insect-pests of rice • Against rice hispa, buprofezin was found best treatment at Malan • At Sundernagar, Flubendamide 480SC was found to be the most effective against

stem borer and leaf folder in hybrid paddy followed by clothianidin and emamectin benzoate.

• In on farm trials conducted at farmers field, soil incorporation of carbofuran @ 30kg /ha+ azadirachtin @ 0.03 % at initiation of pest incidence resulted in minimum incidence of paddy shoot borer, and leaf folder.

Insect-pest complex of soybean at Palmpur • In soybean, bean bug, Chauliops species was observed to be the major insect-pest

at Palampur. Its maximum incidence (28.4 bugs/m row length) was recorded in the third week of August.

• In IVT, 32 entries were screened for resistance to the bean bug and one entry was categorized as highly resistant and one as susceptible.

• The remaining entries were categorized as moderately resistant (16 entries) and low resistant (14 entries).

Management of fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera in tomato • At Bajaura, different insecticidal spray schedules were tested against tomato fruit

borer. • Among the insecticidal spray schedules, T3 [lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate 5%EC)

@ 0.8ml/L followed by dimethoate (Devigon 30% EC) @ 1.5ml/L after 15 days of 1st spray followed by lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate 5%EC) @ 0.8ml/L ] was the most effective.

• The yield loss by fruit borer in this treatment was recorded to be 1.76 and 4.13 per cent, respectively as compared to control where yield loss was recorded to be 12.42 per cent .

Management of fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera in tomato • At Sundernagar, installation of pheromone traps @ 10 traps/ ha followed by foliar

application of lambda cyhalothrin 5EC @ 0.004 % and azadirachtin @ 0.03 % alternatively at 15 days interval found effective in minimizing fruit borer incidence and improving the fruit yield.

Management of fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis in brinjal • At Bajaura, a spray schedule consisting of quinalphos (Krush 25%) @ 2ml/L

followed by cypermethrin (Auzar 25% EC) @ 0.30 ml/L after 15 days of 1st spray followed by quinalphos (Krush 25%) @ 2ml/L after 15 days of 2nd spray was found to be the most effective treatment.

• This treatment resulted in the least shoot (4.10%), and fruit damage both on number (9.11%) as well as on weight basis (11.42%).

• The yield loss by shoot and fruit borer in these treatments was recorded to be between 7.68 to 19.35% whereas the yield loss in the control was significantly higher than all the treatments (25.29%).


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Management of whitefly in brinjal and estmation of diafenthiuron residues • In brinjal at Palampur, diafenthiuron 50%WP @ 600 g /ha provided excellent

control of whitefly population without any adverse effects to parasites and predators present in the crop.

• The initial deposits of diafenthiuron (3.8.2014) were 0.137 and 0.399 ppm at normal and double doses, respectively on brinjal. The residues were below detectable limit (BDL) on 3rd day of application.

Management of whitegrubs in potato • For the management of whitegrubs in potato, granules of chlorpyriphos 10G @

2.0 kg a.i./ ha were found effective showing 3.25 % damage as compared to 15.25% in control. It was at par with clothianidin 50 WDG @ 120 g a.i./ ha (3.75%).

• Application of liquid insecticides in furrows revealed that clothianidin @ 150 g a.i./ ha and chlorpyriphos 20EC@ 400 g a.i./ha was found to be the best treatment showing 4.25 per cent tuber damage as compare to 16.80% in control.

• Drenching with liquid insecticide in standing crop showed that, clothianidin 50WDG @ 150 g a.i./ha was best treatment showing least damage (3.0%) as compare to 18.25% in control.

Mites associated with crops in protected environment • Five species of tetranychid mites namely, Eutetranychus sp., Panonychus ulmi

(Koch), Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranychidae) were found associated with crops grown under protected environment in different agro-ecological zones of Himachal Pradesh. Amongst them, T. urticae was the most abundant and diverse.

• The extent of loss in marketable yield of parthenocarpic cucumber due to mite infestation was found to be a function of mite population and crop stage.

• The losses varied from 7.4 to 53.3 per cent at different infestation levels initiated at three crop stages. Infestation initiated 4-week after infestation resulted in highest yield losses.

Management of insect pests and mites under protected environment • The preventive measures comprising use of insect free plating material, installing

the yellow sticky traps one week prior to transplanting, soil application of imidacloprid and application of neem based insecticide at 10 days interval were validated in tomato, cucumber and capsicum with success in farmers polyhouses as well as research stations.

• In capsicum at Sundernagar, neem cake @ 30 g/ m2 at the time of soil preparation+ installation of yellow sticky traps @ 1 trap/ 10 m2 and need based insecticide application(fenzaquin @ 0.25 ml/ L, azadirachtin @ 0.03 % and imidacloprid @0.5 ml/ L alternatively at 15 days interval) reduced the incidence of sucking pests in capsicum.


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Survey studies on occurrence of Globodera in HP • Survey conducted in 10 locations for the occurrence of Globodera in district

Mandi and Kangra of Himachal Pradesh revealed its presence in one location i.e. Phulladhar.

Management of root knot nematode in vegetables in protected environment • Evaluated the bioefficacy of metham sodium (40ml/m2) and neem cake

(40g/plant/pit) for the control of M. incognita in polyhouse in tomato and cucumber.

• All the treatments proved promising. ICBR in metham sodium, dazomet and neem cake was found to be 5.69, 4.38 and 5.65 in tomato and 3.84, 3.76 and 3.07 in cucumber, respectively.

Weed Management Studies on time of application of Imazethapyr and its readymix combination with imazamox (Odyssey) against weeds in black gram • In urdbean, imazethapyr + imazamox (odyssey) 80 g/ha effectively controlled

Echinochloa sp, Cyperus iria, Dactyloctenium aegypticum and other weeds and significantly increased its seed yield. Uncontrolled growth of weeds reduced urdbean yield by 68.1% under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.

Evaluation of tembotrione at different doses and time for post emergence weed control in maize • In maize, tembotrione @125 g/ha or 150 g/ha along with surfactant at 20 or 30 DAS was

the best alternative to atrazine applied at 1000 g/ha (pre) fb 750 g/ha applied as post- emergence at 20 DAS of maize.

Weed management in turmeric • In turmeric, pendimethalin 1000 g/ha + straw mulch 10 t/ha + hoeing resulted in

significantly higher rhizome yield as well less net benefit: cost ratio due to better weed control.

Herbicides combinations for control of complex weed flora in direct-seeded rice (dry)

• For the control of mixed weed flora in direct seeded upland rice, pre-emergence oxadiargyl 100 g/ha fb post-emergence bispyribac 25 g/ha (25 DAS) or pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ha fb bispyribac 25 g/ha (25 DAS) or pendimethalin 1000 g/ha fb bispyribac 25 g/ha fb manual weeding (45 DAS) were the effective treatments.

Long term effect of continuous use of herbicides on shift in weed flora in transplanted rice-wheat rotation • During rabi 2000, Phalaris minor, Avena ludoviciana, Vicia sativa, Anagallis arvensis

and Coronopus didymus were dominant weeds in transplanted rice-wheat cropping system. Population density of all these weeds decreased in later years. Coronopus didymus was not observed after 2009-10. After 3-4 years, Poa, Lolium and Ranunculus were appeared. Poa and Lolium had alarming proportion in the later years while Ranunculus disappeared after 2-3 years. From 2005-06, Polygonum and Alopecurus were the new invaders. In the later years, Trifolium, Stellaria, Lathyrus, Plantago and Daucus carota had little infestation in the experimental field. In kharif, Echinochloa crusgalli, Panicum dichotomiflorum and Cyperus iria were the main weeds initially. The population of these weeds decreased over the years. Lately Digitaria (2002 and 2003), Eschaemum (2004 and 2005), Aeschynomene (2004-10), Commelina (2005), Paspalum (2005), Ammannia (2007-14), Eriocolon (2009-14), and Monochoria (2010-14) were appeared in


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the experimental field. The population of Monochoria and Ammannia was in the decreasing trend while that of Ericolon showed increasing trend.

• Herbicide Penoxsulam + Butachlor- 717.5 g a.i./ha- Post emergence (7 days after transplanting) was effective for managing weeds in transplanted rice.

• Irrespective of continuous or rotational use of herbicides in rice and wheat, use of 75% N through fertilizer+25% N through Lantana in rice resulted in significantly higher grain yield of rice and wheat over remaining treatment combinations.

Weed Management in Maize • In weed management in maize, chemical weed control treatments Pendimethalin (1000 ml

a.i./ha) pre-emergence fb Atrazine (750 g a.i. /ha) + 2,4-D Amine (500 ml a.i./ha) at 25 DAS as PoE (73.33 q/ha), Atrazine (1.5 kg a.i./ha) pre-emergence fb Tembotrione (120 ml a.i. /ha) at 25 DAS as PoE (69.67 q/ha) and Atrazine (750 g a.i./ha) + Pendimethalin (750 ml a.i./ha) as pre-emergence (67.00 q/ha) were statistically as good as weed free treatment (75.67 q/ha) and significantly superior to other chemical weed control treatments.

Vegetable Science • Two cherry tomato lines (cherry red and cherry yellow) and four parthenocarpic

cucumber lines ( KN, IS, MS and WC) have been identified for protected cultivation. • In grafting experiments on bacterial wilt resistance for capsicum, chilli rootstocks

identified are Surajmukhi, Pant C-1, PI-201232 and AVPP0205 and for grafting tomato, tomato varieties, Palam Pink and Palam Pride and four brinjal lines/ varieties EG195, EG203, Arka Nidhi and Arka Keshav have been identified as promising rootstocks.

• Twenty five superior F4 progenies of tomato, resistant to bacterial wilt disease were selected under open field condition.

• Two bacterial wilt resistant lines of brinjal viz, 2013/BRBWRES-3 and SM-6-7 have been found to be promising for cultivation under Palampur conditions.

• Seed of red coloured okra has been imported from Japan and is being evaluated and multiplied for further testing

Biotechnology • Identification and mapping of a new blast resistance gene from broad spectrum

resistant genotype Tetep A new blast resistance gene was identified and genetically mapped from a broad spectrum resistant genotype Tetep. Based on genetic analysis of an F2 progeny of a cross between susceptible line HPU741 and a blast resistant doubled haploid line TDH251, that derives its resistance from Tetep, the blast resistance was found to be controlled by a single dominant gene. Based on bulked segregant analysis and subsequent linkage mapping of 311 susceptible F2 individuals of cross HPU741/TDH251, the resistance gene was localized on long arm of chromosome 12 between SSR markers RRS8 and RRS69 and cosegregated with markers RRS12 and RRS16. By aligning the sequences of linked markers on the sequence of cv. Nipponbare, a ~2,78 Mb crosss-over cold region near the centromere of chromosome 12 was delineated as the region of blast resistance gene. By surveying the equivalent genomic region of cv. Nipponbare in the rice Whole Genome Annotation Database (http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/), a NBS-ARC gene, Os12g0438300 situated in BAC clone OJ1112_B07 (Ac.No.AL731753) was short-listed as a potential candidate for the resistance gene identified from Tetep . The new gene was tentatively designated as Pi-tp(t). The markers tightly linked to gene will facilitate marker-assisted gene pyramiding and cloning of the resistance gene.

http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/


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Organic Agriculture

• In wheat- mash cropping system, application of vermicompost @ 5 t/ha+biofertilizer inoculation along with application of liquid manure (vermiwash) in wheat at 15 day interval produced 55.3 q/ha wheat equivalent yield of the system as compared to 42.1q/s wheat equivalent yield with sole application of FYM @10 t/ha in wheat crop.

• Ricebean genotype RBHP-104 and RBHP-102 significantly out-yielded best check VRB-3 (20.41 q/ha) in AVT-I and AVT-II trials giving 24.44 q/ha and 23.44 q/ha grain yields respectively.

• Under organic input conditions, out of the 14 genotypes of mash DKU-4 significantly out-yielded best check Palampur -93 giving 6.67 q/ha.

• Out of 6 Kulthi genotypes, DKG-2 (12.11 q/ha) out-yielded best check VLG-I (10.55 q/ha) in seed yield under organic input conditions.

• For the effective management of soybean bug (Chauliops sp.) and bean bug (Riptortus sp), application of neem oil (Neembaan) @ 3ml/l, neem seed kernel extract 5% and the aqueous extract of Lantana 5% can be the safer alternatives to synthetic pesticides.

• Different vegetable and legume based cropping system were evaluated and mash-garlic and soybean-garlic system produced 130.0 and 109.0% higher soybean equivalent yields respectively as compared to cowpea-onion cropping system.

• Under organic management, tomato cultivars Red Gold (139.14 q/ha), Hybrid 7730 (125.47 q/ha and Manisha (118.60 q/ha) were found promising during summer. Whereas, in okra during kharif, hybrids Chameli 015 (126.07 q/ha) and Indranil (121.00 q/ha) performed better under organic management.

• In long term experiment for nutrient management in potato-soybean cropping system, vermicompost @ 5 t/ha+himcompost 2.5 t/ha produced 56.7 q/ha soybean equivalent yield which was 11.73% higher as compared to FYM @ 20 t/ha.

• For the management of pea leaf miner in organically grown pea crop, three applications of agneyastra 5% or neem oil 5ml/l soon after the incidence of occurrence are the suitable alternatives.

• Four treatments of neem baan 3ml/l, NSKE 5% or Lantana dust 10% (grinded leaves) are best alternatives to shield blister beetle and Riptortus bug menace in organically grown mash crop.

• Tamarlassi, Trichoderma and Lantana extract treatments revealed maximum Cercospora leaf spot disease control in Mash crop. Maximum disease control was observed in Tamarlassi treatment (56.29%) whereas in Trichoderma treatment it was 50.54% and 42.34% in Lantana treatment. Darekastra was found to be least effective giving less than 20 per cent disease control.

• Panchgavya at 10 % dilution was found most effective against all the test pathogens i.e. Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Alternaria brassicae yielding more than 30 % mycelial inhibition. Tamarlassi gave cent per cent mycelial inhibition against Rhizoctonia bataticola whereas, Orguard gave 58.6% mycelial inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum.

Geo-informatics

• GIS Server based Web Portal for HP Crop Diversification Project (HPCDP), developed under the Project "Establishment of GIS and MIS and Monitoring System" funded by JICA-ODA, Hamirpur is running successfully with data of new/actual sites being uploaded.

• Crop yield forecasting carried out for four districts (Hamirpur, Kangra, Chamba and Una districts) for kharif season maize crop and rabi season wheat crop of Himachal Pradesh.


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The final maize forecasted yield for Kangra,Chamba,Hamirpur and Una districts were 1440.94 kg/ha, 2976.92 kg/ha, 1779.17 kg/ha and 2124.8 kg/ha, respectively as compared to averaged respective yields of 1667.4 kg/ha, 2416.20 kg/ha, 1772.9 kg/ha and 2054.8 kg/ha . The RMSE values varied between 210.9 to 479.3 with and R2 range of 0.445 to 0.758.

• The net vulnerability index for different blocks in all sectors (Agriculture, Horticulture and Livestocj) indicated Naggar block to be least vulnerable followed by Kullu and Nirmand. Overall vulnerability index ( VI) of Anni was most vulnerable followed by Banjar compared to other blocks. Naggar with the lowest value reflected less vulnerable followed by Kullu. This is due to more institutional support and disease/insects control measures etc. The lowest vulnerability in Naggar is attributed to be fertile soils for crops, new orchards establishment and shift towards off season vegetable production

Agricultural Economics • The economic analysis of farming under protected cultivation in Mandi district of the

state showed that majority of polyhouse owners were the farmers (52.72%) belonging to marginal category. Capsicum accounted for maximum area (53.84%) under protected cultivation followed by tomato (23.72%). On an average, the productivity of cucumber was highest (10.17q/100m2) followed by capsicum (7.02q/100m2). The gross and net returns per 100m2 area were maximum for capsicum under both small (Rs. 21,816 and Rs. 9,910) and large category (Rs. 15,900 and Rs. 5,915). About 40% of the sample polyhouse growers had not received any training.

• The study conducted in Nadaun area of District Hamirpur revealed that average yields in most of the crops were lower than the potential yields mentioned in the Package of Practices of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya Palampur. Hence, the scope for improvement with integrated package exists. Under rainfed farming, maize - wheat system was the main cropping system. The other systems were maize and wheat grown mixed with pulses and oilseeds. Maize - toria - wheat cropping system was followed on approximately in 5 per cent of area. Under irrigated conditions created by tube well and gravity channels, vegetables such as cucumber, tomato, bottlegourd capsicum, brinjal, summer squash, lady finger, colocasia, ginger were commercially grown in kharif season.


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New Recommendations Programme area Variety/ Recommendations

Crop Improvement Release proposal of Rice variety HPR 2656 (Him Palam Dhan 1) for cultivation in Low & Mid hills of H.P. under upland conditions

-do- Release proposal of Rice variety HPR 2880 (Him Palam Dhan 2) for cultivation in Low & Mid hills of H.P. under irrigated conditions

-do- Proposal of Rice hybrid BS-10008 of Bayer Bio Science Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad for inclusion in the Package of Practices for Kharif Crops

-do- Proposal of Rice hybrid BS-049 (Arize Swift Gold) of Bayer Bio Science Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad for inclusion in the Package of Practices for Kharif Crops

-do- Proposal of Palam Sankar Makka 2 (EHL 161708), a single cross medium maturity Maize hybrid for inclusion in the package of practices for Kharif Crops Already released by CVRC for HP, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and North Easttern hills (Zone 1).

On Going Research Projects S. No. Particulars No. of Projects Budget outlay (Rs. in lakhs)

ICAR Funded Projects

1. AICRPs 39 2000.00

2. Adhoc Projects 15 966.19

DBT Funded Projects 8 269.29

DST Funded Projects 7 169.68

UGC funded projects 6 66.59

Miscellaneous Adhoc Projects 49 857.68

RKVY Projects 7 379.98

Total 131 4709.41


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