Highlights of OSHA Fire Protection StandardsWITC Safety DayRice Lake, WI March 15, 2012

Bios & ContactsMary Bauer Eau Claire Area OSHA OfficeCompliance Assistance Specialist (CAS)1310 West Clairemont AveEau Claire, WI 54701 715-832-9019 bauer.mary@dol.gov

Compliance Officer for 20 YearsCAS for 6 YearsAll in Eau Claire Area OfficeCIH: Certified Industrial HygienistCSP: Certified Safety Professional

Agenda: HighlightsEmergency Action PlanFire ExtinguishersCompressed GasesFlammable StorageSpray BoothsDip TanksWelding Hot Work Permits

Agenda: HighlightsIntrinsically SafeForkliftsElectricalConfined SpacesMetersCombustible Dust

Do We Need a Plan or Ignore WhatsHappening?

Doors were locked from the outside so they wouldn't steal any chickens.

Hydraulic FireSawmills Burn Frequently

1910.38: (EAP) Emergency Action PlansMust have an emergency action plan whenever an OSHA standard in this part requires one.Must be in writing, in the workplace and available to employees for reviewWith 10 or fewer employees, may communicate the plan orally to employeesSame requirements for a Fire Prevention Plan as listed under 1910.39

1910.38 Employee emergency plans(a)(2) elements-(I) emergency escape procedures and route assignments(ii) critical plant operations before evacuation(iii)procedures to account for all employees after emergency evacuation

1910.38 Employee emergency plans(a) (2)elements(iv) rescue and medical duties(v) preferred means of reporting fires/other emergencies(vi) names or regular job titles of persons or departments who can be contacted for information under the plan

1910.38 Employee emergency plans(a) (3) alarm system- employer must establish an alarm system which complies with .165(4) establish the types of evacuation procedures (5) designate and train of sufficient number of persons to assist in evacuation

Fire Extinguisher Policy The employer evacuates all employees except those designated to use portable fire extinguishers [1910.157(b)(2)]: Employers who select this option need not comply with the distribution requirements of 1910.157(d). This option allows for the employer to distribute extinguishers in a manner such that they are available to the employees designated to fight incipient stage fires. If the employer selects this option, compliance with 1910.38(a) is required through 1910.157(b)(2).

InspectedMonthly &Annually

Training for DesignatedEmployees(i.e. fire watch)

Hazards Associated w/ Compressed GasesFire Oxygen EnrichedMixed GasesExplosion: Flying ProjectileDamage to Cylinder Cylinders High & Low PressureRelease of GasDisplacement of Oxygen ( CSE )Toxic GasesCryogenic

Acetylene cylindersThe decomposition characteristics of acetylene gas are avoided:By providing a porous mass packing material with minute cellular spacesNo pockets of appreciable size remain where free acetylene in gaseous form can collectThis porous mass is saturated with acetone, or other suitable solvent, in which the gaseous acetylene actually dissolves

CANNOT store on side- Leak around valve stem

Indoor cylinder storageWell protectedWell ventilatedDryTwenty feet from flammable or combustible materials20 Feet3.5Flammable Gases

Ready to go?Storage?

Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1910.106 & 1926.152

Classes of Flammableand Combustible LiquidsIIIAIIICIAIB20014010073Flash Point (oF)100Boiling Point (oF)Combustible(FP > 100oF)Flammable(FP < 100oF)

Classes of Some Flammable LiquidsCLASS IA

CLASS IB

CLASS ICCommon NameFlash Point (oF)Ethyl Ether-49

Gasoline-45Methyl Ethyl Ketone21Toluene40

Xylene81-115Turpentine95

Storage CabinetsNot more than 60 gal of Class I and/or Class II liquids, or not more than 120 gal of Class III liquids permitted in a cabinet

Must be conspicuously labeled, Flammable - Keep Fire Away

Doors on metal cabinets must have a three-point lock (top, side, and bottom), and the door sill must be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet

Sources of IgnitionOpen flamesSmokingStatic electricityCutting and weldingHot surfacesElectrical and mechanical sparksLightningMust take adequate precautions to prevent ignition of flammable vapors. Some sources of ignition include:

Static ElectricityGenerated when a fluid flows through a pipe or from an opening into a tank

Main hazards are fire and explosion from sparks containing enough energy to ignite flammable vapors

Bonding or grounding of flammable liquid containers is necessary to prevent static electricity from causing a spark

Storage Rooms4 Sill or ramp at DoorSelf Closing Fire Rated DoorAlways provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition of flammable vapors. Gravity Mechanical 6 Air Changes Per Hour

Safety Cans for Storage and TransferApproved container of not more than 5 gallons capacitySpring-closing lid and spout coverSafely relieves internal pressure when exposed to fire

Flame Arrester ScreenPrevents fire flashback into can contentsDouble wire-mesh constructionLarge surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature inside can remains below ignition point

Waste and ResidueWaste drum with disposal funnelSafety disposal canOily-waste can (self-closing lid)Combustible waste and residue must be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily.

SprayBooths1910.107ConventionalDowndraftPowder CoatingElectrostaticDrying Ovens

NFPA 33

Spray Area or Room

Organic Peroxides

(g) "Operations and Maintenance"(5) "Cleaning solvents." The use of solvents for cleaning operations shall be restricted to those having flashpoints not less than 100 deg. F.; however, for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equipment, solvents having flashpoints not less than those normally used in spray operations may be used. Such cleaning shall be conducted inside spray booths and ventilating equipment operated during cleaning.

Dip Tanks1910.122-126

Fusible LinksUL Listed for 135, 165, 212, 286, 370, 386 F. Used by leading manufacturers of fire protection devices, including fire doors, fire dampers, part washers, gas & compressed air tanks, safes, gas pumps and chimneys.

LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas1910.110Hazards Similar to Compressed Gas

NFPA 58

Delivery VehiclesTransportation: DOT exceptMaintenance: OSHAAt Delivery Point/Off Road: OSHA

LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas1910.110: Widely UsedHeating & Drying (Crops)Permanent Temporary (Construction)

AppliancesStoves RestaurantLaundryIndustrial Furnaces

Vehicles Internal Engine ( Motor Fuel )ForkliftsOver The Road Vehicles

LP Heater LP TruckBobtail LP Truck repaired but not emptiedGas Water Heater in room

Rated Forklifts

Process Safety Management (PSM): 1910. 119An Integrated Approach to Chemical Safety

WRR Eau ClaireJune, 2007

Hazardous Locations1910.307 ElectricalExplosion ProofDust Tight Temperature ClassificationGas Classification

Imaging using solvents in A PRCS with a regular Trouble light ???

Hot Work PermitsCutting / WeldingPermit

Location: Job No.

Date:Job No.

Location & Building:Floor

Nature of Job:

Welders Name:

The above location has been examined. The precautions checkedon the reverse of this card have been taken to prevent fire.Permission is granted for this work.

PermitDate:Time:ExpiresAMPM

Permits are issued for thespecific job being done, andfor a specific time period. Thetime period is usually for theworking shift, but may neverexceed twenty-four hours.

Hot Work PermitsNecessary Precautions

O Sprinklers are in service.O Cutting and welding equipment in good repair.

Precautions within 35 ft. (10 m.) of work.O Floors swept clean of combustibles.O Combustible floors wet down, covered with damp sand or fire-resistive sheets.O Flammable liquids removed; other combustibles, if not removed protected with fire-resistive tarpaulins or metal shields. O Explosive atmosphere in area eliminated.O All wall and floor openings covered.O Fire-resistive tarpaulins suspended beneath work.

Work on Walls or CeilingsO Construction is noncombustible and without combustible covering or isolation.O Combustibles moved away from other side of wall.

Work on Enclosed EquipmentO Enclosed equipment cleaned of all combustibles.O Containers purged of flammable liquids.

Fire WatchO Fire watch will be provided during and for at least 30 minutes after work, and during any coffee or lunch breaks.O Fire watch is supplied with suitable extinguishers, or charged small hose.O Fire watch is trained in use of this equipment and in sounding alarm.The Fire Marshal, SafetyEngineer, or MaintenanceManager has the responsibilityto verify that all necessaryprecautions have been taken atthe worksite.

Empty Drum Containing Old Xylene Vapors Exploded When Torch Cut. 1910.252(a)(3)(i)

Flammable AtmospheresFlammableNon-flammable (Too Rich)Temperature VAPOR

Non-flammable (Too Lean)FlammableRegion

OxygenConfinementIgnitionFuelDispersionDust Explosion RequirementsAdapted from CSB

Dust ControlDesign of facility & process equipmentContain combustible dustClean fugitive dustRegular programAccess to hidden areasSafe cleaning methodsMaintenance

Solid Shelving Hides & Spreads Fire

Flames grow undetected and are obscured from water.

Wire Decking Reduces Fire Hazard

Open mesh provides quicker detection and extinguishing

Fire Safety S&H Topic

Means of Egress: Exit RouteEXIT ACCESSEXIT!Exit Discharge

DisclaimerThis information has been developed by an OSHA Compliance Assistance Specialist and is intended to assist employers, workers, and others as they strive to improve workplace health and safety. While we attempt to thoroughly address specific topics or hazards, it is not possible to include discussion of everything necessary to ensure a healthy and safe working environment in a presentation of this nature. Thus, this information must be understood as a tool for addressing workplace hazards, rather than an exhaustive statement of an employers legal obligations, which are defined by statute, regulations, and standards. Likewise, to the extent that this information references practices or procedures that may enhance health or safety, but which are not required by a statute, regulation, or standard, it cannot, and does not, create additional legal obligations. Finally, over time, OSHA may modify rules and interpretations in light of new technology, information, or circumstances; to keep apprised of such developments, or to review information on a wide range of occupational safety and health topics, you can visit OSHAs website at www.osha.gov.

**Classic Case Study. Criminal. Door is on display in Washington DC *This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour General Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience.

This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor.

*1910.106(a)(18) and (19)

Flammable and combustible liquids are classified primarily according to their flash point to indicate the danger they pose as a fire hazard. Flash point is directly related to a liquids ability to generate vapor. Since it is the vapor of a liquid, not the liquid itself, that burns, vapor generation becomes a primary factor in determining the fire hazard.

Flammable liquids have flash points below 100oF and are classified as Class I liquids. Flammable liquids are sub-divided into three subclasses: IA, IB, and IC. Class IA liquids have flash points below 73oF and boiling points below 100oF. Class 1B liquids have flash points below 73oF and boiling points at or above 100oF. Class IC liquids have flash points at or above 73oF and below 100oF.

Combustible liquids have flash points at or above 100oF and are classified as Class II and Class III liquids. Class II liquids have flash points at or above 100oF and below 140oF. Class III liquids are sub-divided into two subclasses: IIIA and IIIB. Class IIIA liquids have flash points at or above 140oF and below 200oF. Class IIIB liquids have flash points at or above 200oF, and are not regulated by 1910.106.

*Other common flammable and combustible liquids and their flash points are shown below: Flash Point (oF)CLASS IAPentane< -40

CLASS IBAcetone0VM&P Naptha20-45 (Typical)Ethyl Alcohol55

CLASS ICMineral Spirits85-110

CLASS IIFuel Oils100-130Kerosene110-150

CLASS IIIEthylene Glycol232*1910.106(d)(3)(i) and (ii) and (ii)(a)

Three-point lock on metal cabinet doors prevents buckling, which would expose contents to fire.

Raised door sill contains leaks.*1910.106(e)(6)(i)

*Static electricity can be generated by the contact and separation of dissimilar materials. For example: belts and pulleys, tires and the road, fluid flow through a pipe, agitation and mixing of fluids, and splash filling of flammable liquids.

For more information, see NFPA 77, Static Electricity.

One of the primary means of reducing the hazard of static electricity when transferring flammable liquids into/from containers is through the use of bonding and grounding, which is discussed in this program.

*1910.106(a)(31)Ventilation for the prevention of fire and explosion is considered adequate if it is sufficient to prevent accumulation of significant quantities of vapor-air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit.

For additional information on ventilation, see OSHAs web site at:http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/ventilation/index.html

*1910.106(a)(29)**1910.106(e)(9)(iii)*Fusible links are temperature sensitive fire protection devices designed to be part of a fire protection system. The system is activated when the ambient temperature increases to the point that causes the fusible link to "break-apart". At the point of breakage, it releases the pre-loaded fire protection device, thus restricting the spread of fire. **1910.252(a)(3) Welding or cutting containers.1910.252(a)(3)(i) Used containers. No welding, cutting, or other hot work shall be performed on used drums, barrels, tanks or other containers until they have been cleaned so thoroughly as to make absolutely certain that there are no flammable materials present or any substances such as greases, tars, acids, or other materials which when subjected to heat, might produce flammable or toxic vapors. Any pipe lines or connections to the drum or vessel shall be disconnected or blanked.1910.252(a)(3)(ii) Venting and purging. All hollow spaces, cavities or containers shall be vented to permit the escape of air or gases before preheating, cutting or welding. Purging with inert gas is recommended. ***Exit AccessExitExit Discharge