Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Hiroshima and NagasakiPhysics 1Choosing the Targets Summer 1945RequirementsLarge Urban AreaMilitary BaseNo POWsTransportation Center/PortNot already destroyedFirst Choice = HiroshimaOthers Kokura, Niigata, and NagasakiNo warning will be given2

3The PlanDrop the Uranium Bomb, Little Boy, on HiroshimaDrop the Plutonium Bomb, Fat Man, on a second, undecided target.Continue dropping plutonium bombs until the Japanese surrendered. Use Plutonium made at the Washington state plant. 4The Potsdam DecclarationJuly 26, 1945Statement from President TrumanOrdered the complete surrender of JapanWarned that if they did not surrender they would face prompt and utter destruction.Japan did not surrenderHiroshima was bombed on August 6th.

5HiroshimaAugust 6, 19456 Man Crew on the plane Enola GayStarted the 6 hour flight at a North Pacific BaseGreat worry was that the bomb would go off while still in the planeArmed the bomb when they were just 2 hours from HiroshimaSafety guards were removed 30 minutes prior to dropping it6

7HiroshimaJapanese aware of American planesChose not to attack to save fuelTarget was a key bridge in the cityMissed it by 800 ftDetonated over a hospitalTook 57 seconds to reach the ground once it was dropped.8

9Hiroshima AftermathArea of total destruction was 1 mile radiusNo one and nothing survivedFires burned every building in a 2.5 mile radius.70% of Hiroshimas buildings destroyed.70,000-80,000 people killed immediately90% of healthcare professionals died70,000 people injured60,000 died of cancer/burns by 1960

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13The GuiltThe Co-Pilot of the Enola GaleLooked back and said, My God, what have we done?Americans had mixed feelingsTruman called it The greatest day in American History.Oppenheimer agreed.

14NagasakiKokura was the 1st target, Nagasaki 2nd.Nagasaki was a very important sea port and the majority of Japans military supplies were assembled thereHistorical City Old wood and straw buildingsSubject of air raids on August 1stMany young citizens evacuated after this bombing

15NagasakiAugust 9, 1945Kokura was covered in clouds, so the planes bombed NagasakiPilots concerned that they would not have enough fuel to return to the base if they Nagasaki was covered too.Used radar to drop the bombFat Man dropped almost 2 miles off target.Nagasaki is in a valleyCaused the explosion to be more intense

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17Nagasaki Aftermath1 mile radius of complete destruction.Fires covered a 2 mile radius.85% of the city destroyedOld buildings burned quickly 75,000 people died immediately5,000 died before the end of 1945 from complications

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20The End of the WarUS planned to have a bomb ready every three weeks until Japan surrendered.Emperor Hirohito Surrendered on August 12, 1945Moreover, the enemy now possesses a new and terrible weapon with the power to destroy many innocent lives and do incalculable damage. Should we continue to fight, not only would it result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization. Such being the case, how are We to save the millions of Our subjects, or to atone Ourselves before the hallowed spirits of Our Imperial Ancestors? This is the reason why We have ordered the acceptance of the provisions of the Joint Declaration of the Powers.

21The FutureCommittee followed the health of the survivorsWithin 1 mileAlmost everyone died immediately or within the next weekWithin 1-3 milesLived for a few weeks, but most eventually died3-6 milesInjured, but did not die immediately

22The FutureGenetic Mutations from Gamma RadiationNo findings that the mutations are passed from generation to generation.Higher cancer rates among survivors than the general Japanese population (40-45%)All organs affectedVery high rates among unborn children

23Atomic BombsMultiple treaties have tried to disarm all nuclear weapons in all countriesNone have been successfulMany countries publically acknowledge that they have nuclear weapons.US, UK, Soviet Union, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea Israel is suspected of having them. 24