hisory of groud transportation prof. g. mastinu dipartimento di meccanica politecnico di milano
TRANSCRIPT
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Hisory of Groud Transportation
prof. G. Mastinu
Dipartimento di MeccanicaPolitecnico di Milano
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Slitta Treggia
7000-5000 a. C.
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Slitta, Italia, XIX sec (Lago di Como)
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Ruota: 4000 a.C.
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Carro: 3500 a.C.
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Fz=1000NE = 10000 MPa= 0.3 = 6 MPaadm= 8 MPalargh=1m = 0.1m
troppo piccolo per superare ostacoli
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MPa 6**'
2/12/1
0
Rl
EF
R
EPP z
EE
21
*
1
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Fz=1000NE = 10000 MPa= 0.3 = 8 MPaadm= 8 MPalargh=0.18m = 0.5 m
0.5m-1m a partire dal 3000 a.C.
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Modello di Tepe Gawra 3000 a.C.
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Carro di Ur: 2500 a.C.
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Diffusione ruota:• - 3500 Mesopotamia• - 2500 Valle dell’Indo• - 2000 Russia merid., Creta• - 1600 Egitto e Palestina• - 1500 Grecia• - 1300 Cina• - 1000 Italia
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Carro egizio sec. XV a.C.
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Cuscinetti in legno, Celti, I sec. a.C.
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Pompei, 59 a.C.
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horse
horsecart (2 or 4 wheels)
track
wheel
wheel
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Limiti di peso (da De Cursu Publico) Angaria – 1,500 Roman lbs. – 492 kg Raeda – 1,000 Roman lbs. – 330 kg Currus – 600 Roman lbs. – 198 kg Vereda – 300 Roman lbs. – 99 kg Birota – 200 Roman lbs. – 66 kg
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Sterzatura
carri mediterranei: no
carri romani: si
alto medioevo: no
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Frenatura
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http://www.humanist.de/rome/rts/wagon.html
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Aelopila, Alessandria, sec. III a. C.
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Onagri, cavalli: < 0,5 kW
Schiavi: < 0,05 kW
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Jet, Newton, 1600 c.a.
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Carro di Cugnot, 1769
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Carro di Trevithick, 1802
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Carrozza a vapore Inghilterra 1822-1865
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Motori a c.i.:• 1778 Huygens (polvere da sparo)• 1856 Barsanti e Matteucci• 1860 Lenoir (no compressione)• 1864 Marcus (veicolo a motore)• 1878 Beau de Rochas/Otto (4
tempi)
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Triciclo di Benz, 1889 (1885)
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Ford modello T, 1909
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Lancia Lambda, 1918 (brevetto)
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Lancia
Lambda, 1922
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Citroën DS, 1956
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