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 ate 18th – arly 19th :entury AD

 ajor ideologies nd

 ultural trends

 HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

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:Previously-onservat ISM

TraditionMonarchy

 Landowning aristocracy 

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

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-iberal ISM 

Liberty and equality

 Partly achieved by the French Revolution Citizens who can enjoy political;representation ,reedom of speech the

,ress assembly“ ”Classical liberalism opposed government

;intervention in economic affairs= laissez faire“ ” – ’Modern liberalism in today s USA( -supports government funded economic

)programmes

. ’ :Vs today s conservatives

“ / ” government is a bad owner manager  

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

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 odern economics 

:Adam Smith  Wealth of Nations  ( )1776“ ”invisible hand -of a self regulating

market 

" ...The rich divide with the poor the produce .of all their improvements They are led by 

 an invisible hand to make nearly the same  distribution of the necessaries of life 

,which would have been made had the earth  been divided into equal proportions among 

." all its inhabitants   

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

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 : “ -Today trickle down

”economics’ :Today s global crisis

“ ”invisible handdiscredited Is economics a

 science at all? Islamic economics

 

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

 odern economics

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-ational ISM

  -Rise of modern European nationstates

’Growing awareness of one s ethnicity,Partly artificial partly a result

’of industrialization and workers physical mobility

- .Multi ethnic monarchies vs national aspirations

 

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

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-ocial ISM 

Industrial revolution Capitalism breaks

 down the notion of

community’ ;  Workers movements

 collective action 

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

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-arx ISM :Karl Marx  Das Kapital ( )1867

.Means of production vs forces ofproduction

 exploitation of workers alienation of labour

:Internal tensions Feudalism Capitalism  Socialism Communism 

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

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ROMANTICISMArts:

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-omantic ISM =

= a reaction to -lassic ISM 

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

,Inspired by rationalism and Enlightenment Classicism copied ancient Greek and Roman models

,Muzium Telekom Jalan Raja

,Chulan Kuala Lumpur

-Neo Classicist Greek style

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-omantic ISM 

HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

 Late 18th ( ) -century Rousseau to mid 19th century

FeelingFreedomNature

 Idealized pastMelancholy

Imagination

Spontaneity

 Edgar Allan Poe( - )1809 1849

 Lord Byron( - )1788 1824

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HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

" !Ah Sure some stronger impulse vibrates,here

   Which whispers friendship will be doubly dear,To one who thus for kindred hearts must

,roam, ."And seek abroad the love denied at home

 Lord Byron

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 HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin

Individualism Emotional intensity

Longing

DuelsMadnessSuicide

 Alexander PUSHKIN

-omantic ISM