histology of the endocrine organs 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Neurohypophysis:Neurohypophysis:
-- MedianMedianeminenceeminence
-- InfundibulumInfundibulum
-- Pars nervosaPars nervosa
hypophysishypophysis
hypothalamushypothalamus
AdenoAdeno--hypophysis:hypophysis:
-- ParsParstuberalistuberalis
-- ParsParsintermediaintermedia
-- ParsParsdistalisdistalis
anterioranterior posteriorposterior
Parts of the hypophysis:Parts of the hypophysis:
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Slide 67, hypophysis
Plane of cutting:Plane of cutting:horizontalhorizontal
Staining method: hematoxylinStaining method: hematoxylin--eosineosin
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Slide 67, hypophysis, H&E, 4x
Neurohypophysis:Neurohypophysis:pars nervosapars nervosa
Adenohypophysis:Adenohypophysis:pars intermediapars intermedia
Adenohypophysis:Adenohypophysis:pars distalispars distalis
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Slide 67, hypophysis pars nervosa, H&E, 40x
capillariescapillaries(fenestrated(fenestratedendothelium)endothelium)
pituicytespituicytes
endothelialendothelialcellcell
axons(hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)
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Slide 67, hypophysis pars intermedia, H&E, 40x
cyst filled with colloidcyst filled with colloid
simple cuboidal epitheliumsimple cuboidal epithelium
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The cell types of the adenohypophysis
Hormonesecreted
Cell type
Staining (H&E)
IL-6FSHLHTSHACTH
MSHLTHGH
212121
basophilacidophil
chromo-phobe
chromophil
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Slide 67, hypophysis pars distalis, H&E, 40x
acidophil cellsacidophil cellsbasophil cellsbasophil cells
chromophobe cellchromophobe cell
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To identify the parts of the hypophysisand the structures listed:
Pars nervosa: capillaries, pituicytesPars intermedia: cysts filled with colloidPars distalis: chromophobe, acidophil, basophil cells
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Magnocellular nuclei:Magnocellular nuclei:Hormone secreted:Hormone secreted:
oxytocin, vasopressinoxytocin, vasopressinAxon terminals:Axon terminals:
pars nervosapars nervosaE.g.:E.g.:nucl. paraventricularisnucl. paraventricularisnucl. supraopticusnucl. supraopticus
Parvocellular nuclei:Parvocellular nuclei:Hormone secreted:Hormone secreted:
releasing / inhibitingreleasing / inhibitinghormoneshormones(pl. CRF, TRH)(pl. CRF, TRH)
Axon terminals:Axon terminals:infundibuluminfundibulum
E.g.:E.g.:nucl. arcuatusnucl. arcuatus
The hypothalamoThe hypothalamo--hypophyseal systemhypophyseal system
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Slide 85, hypothalamus:magnocellular nuclei
Staining method:oxytocin immunocyto-chemistry
cerebellum
brainstem
cerebrumOrigin of the section: rat brain
Plane ofcutting:frontal
nucl. paraventricularis
nucl. supraopticus
Cortex cerebri
hypothalamus
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nucl. paraventricularis
nucl. supraopticus
axons(hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)
optic tract
3rdventricle
Slide 85, hypothalamus, oxytocin immunocytochemistry, 4x
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Slide 85, nucl. supraopticus, oxytocin immunocytochemistry, 40x
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To identify the magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus
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The histology of the thyroid gland
Follicles:Follicular epithelium:- simple cuboidal- follicular epithelial cells (thyreocytes)-Microvilli on the apical surface- endodermal origin- triiodothyronine (T3) / thyroxin (T4)Parafollicular (C) cells:
- Between the follicles,bellow the follicular cells- Ectodermal origin- calcitonin
capillaries
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Slide 68, thyroid gland, H&E, 4x
connective tissue septum
follicles
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Slide 68, thyroid gland, H&E, 40x
folliclefollicularepithelialcells
colloid(thyroglobulin)
capillary
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The synthesis of thyroglobulincolloid
The uptake of circulating iodide: 30-40x concentration colloid
Iodination of tyrosine residues in the colloid: on the surface of the microvilli
Colloid pinocytosis
Pinocytotic vesicles fusion with lysosomes cleavage of active hormones
T3 / T4 capillaries
The synthesis of hormones by the follicular cells
Synthesis colloid pinocytosis
roughendoplasmicreticulum iodide capillary
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To identify the follicles of the thyroid gland
To examine the follicular epithelium