histology various type of epithelium
TRANSCRIPT
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
Composed of a single layer of flattened cells lying on a
basement membrane. In section only their flattened nuclei are
often visible. Function: Provides a selective barrier which
allows for filtration, passive diffusion and pinocytosis.
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A single layer of cuboidal cells with rounded nuclei, lying on a
basement membrane. They are often found lining ducts and may possess
basal infoldings. Function: They transport fluids and may modify the
contents of the lumen by selective absorption.
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Function:
Absorption, lubrication or movement of luminal contents.
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Uterian tube
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Pseudostratified Epith. Treachea
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Pseudostratified Epididymis
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Stratified columnar/cuboidal epith
Multiple layers of cells in which the surface layer is cuboidal or
columnar.
Function: Protection or secretion.
Location examples: Male Urethra, Large Glanduclar Ducts, Sweat
Glands
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Transitional
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Simple Cuboidal Epith
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Simple Cuboidal Salivary gland
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Fig. 20.7
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to protect
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where diffusion is important
where tissues are
involved in secretion
and absorption: larger
cells because of the
machinery of
production, packaging,
and energy
requirements
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“ciliated” literally = eyelashes
(see next page)
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Stratified: regenerate from below
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Rare…
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Rare…
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Endothelium
A simple squamous
epithelium that lines the
interior of the
circulatory vessels and
heart
Mesothelium
Simple squamous epithelium that lines the
peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities and covers
the viscera
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Glands
• Epithelial cells form them
• Production & secretion of needed substances
• Are aqueous (water-based) products
• The protein product is made in rough ER, packed into secretory granules by Golgi apparatus, released from the cell by exocytosis
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Classification of glands
• By where they release their product
– Exocrine: external secretion onto body surfaces
(skin) or into body cavities
– Endocrine: secrete messenger molecules
(hormones) which are carried by blood to target
organs; “ductless” glands
• By whether they are unicellular or
multicellular
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Exocrine glandsunicellular or multicellular
Unicellular: goblet cell scattered within epithelial lining
of intestines and
respiratory tubes
Product: mucin
mucus is mucin & water
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Multicellular exocrine glands
Epithelium-walled
duct and a
secretory unit
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• Cilia
– Whiplike motile extentions of the apical surface membranes
• Flagellum
– Long isolated cilium
– Only found as sperm in human
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Classes of Connective Tissue: note the cell types
and great variety of subclasses
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Classes of Connective Tissue
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Classes of Connective Tissue
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Classes of Connective Tissue
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Classes of Connective Tissue
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Membranes that combine epithelial sheets
plus underlying connective tissue proper (see
next slide)
• Cutaneous membranes– Skin: epidermis and dermis
• Mucous membranes, or mucosa– Lines every hollow internal organ that opens to the outside
of the body
• Serous membranes, or serosa– Slippery membranes lining the pleural, pericardial and
peritoneal cavities
– The fluid formed on the surfaces is called a transudate
• Synovial membranes– Line joints
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(a)Cutaneous membrane
(b)Mucous membrane
(c)Serous membrane
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• Four basic types of tissue
– Epithelium
– Connective tissue
– Muscle tissue
• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth
– Nervous tissue
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• Four basic types of tissue
– Epithelium
– Connective tissue
– Muscle tissue
– Nervous tissue
• Neurons
• Supporting cells
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Tissue response to injury
• Immune: takes longer and is highly specific
• Inflammation
– Nonspecific, local, rapid
– Inflammatory chemicals
– Signs: heat, swelling, redness, pain
• Repair – two ways
– Regeneration
– Fibrosis and scarring
• Severe injuries
• Cardiac and nervous tissue
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Tumors (neoplasms): abnormal growth of
cells
• Adenoma – neoplasm of glandular epithelium,
benign or malignant
• Carcinoma – cancer arising in an epithelium
(90% of all human cancers)
• Sarcoma – cancer arising in mesenchyme-
derived tissue (connective tissues and muscle)
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STEM CELLS….
STEM CELLS
______Inner cell mass becomes the baby