historian interprets past events & their causes. archaeologist examines artifacts of a specific...
TRANSCRIPT
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HISTORIAN
INTERPRETS PAST EVENTS & THEIR CAUSES
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ARCHAEOLOGIST
EXAMINES ARTIFACTS OF A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE
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ARTIFACTS
THINGS LEFT BEHIND BY A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE
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THEORY
an idea (why? how?) based on evidence
ex: land bridge theory
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Following animals for food
Why did the 1st people migrate across the land bridge?
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Primary source
1st hand source of info;eye witness account,diary, autobiography
most reliable!most reliable!
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Secondary Source
• 2nd hand information
• Not as reliable as 1st hand information
• Textbook, biography
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ASIA
The 1st Americans most likely traveled to the Americas from here.
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BERING STRAIT
This body of water now covers the ‘land bridge’ that once linked North America & Asia
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migrate
movement of people or animals from one place to another
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environment
surroundings•adaptation to the environment affects culture‘where man lives …’
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Eastern Woodlands
To what group did the Iroquois & Algonquians belong?
(not the confederacy!)
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Each used materials in their environments
What explains this difference?
• Iroquois lived in longhouses
• Cheyenne lived in hide covered teepees.
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colder
When early man first migrated to North America, the temperature was probably _______
than it is now.
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culture
total way of life
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diverse
different
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well-organized & advanced
In what way were Mayas, Aztecs & Incas similar (hint: they built temples, had technology, math, language, social classes)
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Iroquois Confederacy
the union of 5 native nations in the Northern NY area.
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REPRESENTATIVE
The Iroquois Confederacy is an example of a
____________________
Government.
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EXTENDED FAMILY
The Iroquois lived with their _______ _______ in longhouses because group cooperation was necessary.
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waterways
What geographical feature was veryvery important to the Native American way of life?
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ORAL TRADITION
Native Americans & African Americans often passed their cultures on through _____________
____________________
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EASTERN WOODLANDS
Iroquois & Algonquian tribes were part of the ________ ________
Indians.
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European diseases
The Native American population declined dramatically in less than 20 years after Columbus’ arrival due to…
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Improvements in navigation & shipbuildingEuropeans were able to
begin exploring for new trade routes in the 1400s due to
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b) North & South America
During the 1400s, most Europeans traveled to
a)Europe & Africa
b)North & South America
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Magellan
The 1st explorer to sail around (circumnavigate) the globe was
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New France
New Spain, New France, or New Netherlands?
• Located along the St. Lawrence & Mississippi Rivers
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Christopher Columbus
credited with discovering America while looking for a new trade route to the Indies
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BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS
I suggested bringing Africans to the new world because they were better suited for the hard work in the Spanish colonies.
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colony
Group of people who move to a new land but are still ruled by their mother country
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b) were governed by mother countriesAll the colonies in the Americas
were similar because they:a) believed in religious toleranceb) were governed by mother
countries
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New Netherlands
New Spain, New France, or New Netherlands?
• New York, Pennsylvania
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triangular trade
trade route between, the West Indies, New England & Africa
•“Molasses to rum to slaves”
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mercantilism colonies exist for the benefit of mother country.
•Increase wealth & power by exporting more than importing
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New Spain
New Spain, New France, or New Netherlands?
• South & Central America, Mexico
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Jamestown
Jamestown OR Plymouth?
• House of Burgesses
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southern
New England, Middle, or Southern?Our economy was based on the sale of cash crops such as rice & indigo.
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New England
New England, Middle, or Southern?
Puritans settled here.
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Plymouth
Jamestown OR Plymouth?
• Mayflower Compact
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New England
New England, Middle, or Southern?
• We depended mostly on shipbuilding & fishing.
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Plymouth
Jamestown OR Plymouth?
• Subsistence farm, trade, fish
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Middle
New England, Middle, or Southern?
• We had the most diverse population.
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PLYMOUTH
Jamestown OR Plymouth?
• Town Meetings
• democratic
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Middle
New England, Middle, or Southern?
• We were known as the ‘Breadbasket’ colonies.
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Plymouth?
Jamestown OR Plymouth?
• Started for religious freedom
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New England
New England, Middle, or Southern?
• “molasses to rum to slaves”
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False – only England
True / False: Under the policy of
mercantilism, American colonies were permitted to sell raw materials to any country they wanted.
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Jamestown
Jamestown OR Plymouth?
• Started for economic gain
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House of Burgesses
Representative government of Jamestown.
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Southern
New England, Middle, or Southern?
Characterized by 2 distinct ways of life: tidewater & backcountry
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loyalist
Colonist who supported the king
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patriot
colonist who supported independence from Great Britain
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BOSTON TEA PARTY
The Intolerable Acts were punishment for this colonial protest:
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BRITISH
British or Colonist?
• Powerful foe
• Well trained military
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No representation in Parliment
Why did many colonists want their independence from England?
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Boycott British goods
Which was an economic method of protest used by colonists:
a) Committee of correspondence
b) Boycott British goods
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SARATOGA
Major turning point in the American Revolution because it convinced France to ally with the U.S.
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BOSTON MASSACRE
Propaganda about this event stirred up anti-British feelings throughout the colonies.
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Give reasons colonies wanted to separate from England
1 purpose of the Declaration of Independence was:
a) Set a plan for government
b) Give reasons colonies wanted to separate from England
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Capture NY & divide the colonies
British strategy for winning the American Revolution
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COLONIST
British or Colonist?
• Determination
• Home field advantage
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Benjamin Franklin
WHO AM I?
• I am a delegate from PA, a well known & respected statesman
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Proclamation of 1763
This event angered colonists who sought land in the Ohio River Valley
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Latin American people rebel against Spain
1 major effect of the American Revolution on other colonies in the Western Hemisphere was
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From the consent of the people governed
According to the Declaration of Independence, where does government get its power?
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John Hancock
WHO AM I?
• I am the president of the Continental Congress
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YORKTOWN
British surrendered in this last battle of the Revolution.
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Richard Henry Lee
WHO AM I?• I am the delegate from
VA who proposed the resolution for independence.
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boycott
Economic method of protesting British taxes
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Thomas Jefferson
WHO AM I?• I am the young VA
delegate who wrote the Declaration of Independence.
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democracy
•all people have equal say, rights
•power is held by the citizens
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Articles of Confederation
The government under the __________ failed because it did not have enough power to be effective.
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constitution
plan for organizing government
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No 1 branch would get too powerful
Separation of powers & checks & balances were created to make sure
________________
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ELECTORAL COLLEGE
The President is not elected by popular vote, but rather by the ________ _________
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CONCURRENT
Powers shared by both the state & federal governments are known as ___________ powers.
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compromises
When writing the Constitution, delegates settled disagreements through a series of
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checks & balances
each branch of the government can check or control actions of the other branches
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DELEGATED
Powers given to the Federal government are called ___________
Powers. (declare war)
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separation of powers
powers of the government are divided among separate branches
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RESERVED POWERS
Powers given to the states are called __________
Powers. (local gov’t)
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Counting slaves in population for representation
What issue was settled by the 3/5ths Compromise during the Constitutional Convention?
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Representation in Congress
What issue was settled by the Great Compromise during the Constitutional Convention?
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Bill of Rights• 1st ten amendments to the Constitution
•Guarantees rights & liberties, or personal freedoms
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BI-CAMERAL
The Great Compromise created a ____________, or a 2-house legislature.
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amendment
•process by which changes are made to the constitution
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Concurrent powers
Powers shared by state & central governments (ex: taxation) are known as
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legislative
•Makes laws•Bicameral house
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executive
• carries out laws•President•Vice president•cabinet
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VETO
The president can ______ or reject a bill proposed by Congress.
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Amendment Process
How does the Constitution change with the times?
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judicial
• interprets laws•determines constitutionality
•Supreme court
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Override
Even though the President can veto a law, Congress has the power to
___________________ it.
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governor
• The President is the chief executive of the US.
• The chief executive of a state is called the ___________________
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House of Representatives
The New York State Assembly is most like the ___________________ of the US government.
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Based on population
How is the number of electoral votes a state gets determined?
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a) Avoid strong alliances
In his Farewell Address, George Washington advised the US to
a) Avoid strong alliances
b) Form strong alliances
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Political parties
Citizens had differing views on important issues, which led to the development of _____
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JUDICIAL REVIEW
This is the power of the Supreme Court to decide acts of Congress unconstitutional:
________ __________
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tariff
•Tax on imported goods (protective)
•Encouraged people to buy American-made goods
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Monroe Doctrine
Foreign policy warning Europe not to interfere with Latin American countries
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Political Parties
In addition to urging the nation to remain neutral in foreign affairs, Washington also advised to the U.S. to avoid forming ______ ______
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Manifest destiny
•Belief that the US had the right & duty to expand to the Pacific Ocean
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frontier
•western lands•economic opportunity
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sectionalism
•Loyalty to one’s section of the country.
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nationalism
Loyalty to ones country
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political
•having to do with government
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social
•Having to do with people & culture
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economic
•Having to do with commerce, trade, financial
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Marbury v. Madison
gave the Supreme Court the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional
•Judicial Review
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Lake Erie & Hudson River
What 2 bodies of water did the Erie Canal link?
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Made trade faster & cheaper
2 advantages of The Erie Canal for trade (commerce) were:
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George Washington
•General of the Continental Army
• 1st pres. of the U.S.•urged country to remain neutral
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John Adams–Obnoxious & disliked–Defended British soldiers involved in Boston massacre
–2nd president of the US
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Thomas Jefferson
•Wrote Declaration of Independence
•Bought Louisiana territory
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Native Americans & slavery
2 major problems the nation faced in westward expansion were:
1. ________________2. ________________
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Richard Henry Lee
•Representative from VA who proposed the resolution for independence to Congress
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John Hancock•President of the 2nd Continental Congress
•1st to sign the Declaration of Independence
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Benjamin Franklin
•Well known & respected statesman
•I invented many things
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Andrew Jackson
•Responsible for closing National Bank
•Opponents thought he was too powerful
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Kunta Kinte
•Slave brought to America in triangular trade
•Toby – slave name
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Kizzy
•Toby’s daughter•Chicken George’s mother
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Chicken George
•son of Kizzy & Tom Moore (slave owner)
•Dad to Tom Moore •1st to gain freedom
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Tom Moore
•Chicken George’s son
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Alex Haley
• Author of ROOTS & ancestor of Kunta Kinte
• Heard stories of family’s roots through storytelling