historic center of mexico final1

8/2/2019 Historic Center of Mexico Final1

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Bahena Hernndez GracielaCastorena Castorena Alma Vernica

Endeje Garca Sara AdaPozadas Torres Felipe de Jess

Ramrez Senz Andrea


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Introduction The historic center of Mexico City is also known as the

"Centro" or "Centro Histrico." This neighborhood isfocused on the Zcalo or main plaza in Mexico Cityand extends in all directions for a number of blockswith its farthest extent being west to the AlamedaCentral .The Zocalo is the largest plaza in LatinAmerica and the second largest in the world afterMoscows Red Square. It can hold up to nearly 100,000people.


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Overview This section of the city contains 9,000 buildings, 1,550 of which

have been declared of historical importance.

Most of these historic buildings were constructed between the

XVI and XX centuries. It is divided into two zones for preservation purposes: Zone A

encompasses the pre-hispanic city and its expansion from theViceroy period until Independence and Zone B covers the areasall other constructions to the end of the 19th century that are

considered indispensable to the preservation of the area'sarchitectural and cultural heritage.

The Centro Historico contains most of the citys historic sitesfrom both eras as well as a large number of museums. This hasmade it a World Heritage Site.


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Content Torre Latinoamericana

The Fine Arts Palace

Postal Palace of Mexico City Palace of Mines

Mexico City Cathedral


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The Torre Latinoamericana (literally,"Latin-American Tower") is a building indowntown Mexico City, Mexico. Itscentral location, height (183 m or 597 ft;

45 stories) and history make it one of thecity's most important landmarks. It isalso widely recognized internationally asan engineering and architecturallandmark since it was the world's firstmajor skyscraper successfully built onhighly active seismic land.

Latin-American Tower


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Torre Latinoamericana was Mexico City's tallest building from 1956, when it wasbuilt, until the 1984 completion of the Torre Ejecutiva Pemex, which is 22mhigher (although, if one subtracts the height of the TV antenna atop the TorreLatinoamericana, it was surpassed already in 1972 by the 207m high Hotel deMxico, which was subsequently remodelled and turned into the World TradeCenter Mexico City).


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Construction

Many think this was the firstMexican skyscraper. However,skyscrapers may have first appearedin Mexico City between 1910 and1935. The tallest of the time, the

International Capital Building(Edificio Internacional deCapitalizacin) was completed in1935. This building was surpassed bythe Latinoamericana Tower, thatopened its doors on April 30, 1956. It

was then the tallest building in LatinAmerica, and the fourth in height inthe world outside New York.


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The Torre Latinoamericana was built to headquarter La Latinoamericana, Seguros,S.A., an insurance company founded in April 30, 1906. The building took its name

from this company as it began to be built during the postwar boom of the late 1940s,that lasted until the early 1970s. At the time of its construction, the insurancecompany was controlled by the Mexican tycoon Miguel S. Macedo, who headed oneof Mexico's largest financial concerns of that time in this country.


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Originally the insurance company occupied a smaller building at the same location.In 1947 it temporarily relocated to a nearby office while the tower was built. Once itwas finished in 1956, the insurance company moved into the tower's 4th to 8thfloors. The rest of the building's office space was for lease. At the time of itscompletion the Torre Latinoamericana was the 45th tallest building in the world. Itspublic observation deck on the 44th floor is the highest in Mexico City.


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The tower is now co-owned by its original builder La Latinoamericana, Seguros,Inmobiliaria Torre Latinoamericana, a real estate firm. In 2002 seven of the 44floors were purchased by Telcel and Banco Inbursa, both firms controlled byMexican businessman Carlos Slim.


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Also on that occasion were unveiledsome recognitions granted by several

architectural, engineering andcommunications institutions. TheTorre Latinoamericana is also amember of the World Federation ofGreat Towers.

In 2006, the tower celebrated its50th anniversary. A ceremony washeld on April 30, 2006, whichincluded the reopening of thenewly-remodelled 37th to 44thfloors, a site museum, and a fullyremodeled Mirador, orobservation deck, designed byDanish-born architect Palle

Seiersen Frost.


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Plans for the tower include afacelift, which will redo thebuilding's exteriors using newmaterials while maintaining the

original design and look; since thetower is considered a historicalmonument, its exterior lookcannot be altered.


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In the exterior of the buildingprevails principally the architectural

style Art Nouveau and in theinterior Art Deco

The building is best known for itsmurals by Diego Rivera, Siqueirosand others, as well as the many

exhibitions and theatricalperformances it hosts, including the

Ballet Folklorico de Mexico.


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HISTORYOn October 1, 1904 the Italian

architect Adamo Boari began the

construction of the NationalTheatre, which would turn into theFine Arts Palace.

The work should have ended infour years, but it was delayed byseveral causes, between them

collapses.

Another reason was the snap of thewar armed with the Mexican

Revolution in 1910, interrupting theconstruction. So it was notcompleted until 1934 by theMexican architect Federico

Mariscal.
http://imageshack.us/


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The main facade of the Fine ArtsPalace, which faces Avenida Jurez,

is made of white Italian Carrera

marble.

In the interior of the portal aresculptures by Italian Leonardo

Bistolfi. It consists of Harmony,

surrounded byPain, Rage,Happiness, Peace and Love.

Another portion of the facadecontains cherubs and sculptures

representing music and inspiration.On the plaza front of the building,designed by Boari, there are fourPegasus sculptures which weremade by Catalan Agust Querol

Subirats.


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The roof covering the center of thebuilding is made of crystal designed

by Hungarian Geza Marotti and

depicts the Muses with Apollo.

Its interior is also surfaced inCarrera marble.

It divides into three sections: themain hall with adjoining smaller

exhibition halls, the theatre and theoffices of the Insituto Nacional de

Bellas Artes.

Main hall is covered by the Marottiglass and iron roof. It and the

balconies of all three upper floorscan be seen from the ground floor

below.


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In areas of the main hall, pre-Hispanic motifs done in Art Decostyle, such as serpents heads onwindow arches and Maya Chaac

masks on the vertical light panelsdistinguish this interior from its

contemporaries.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/MayaArtDecoBADF.JPG


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The smaller exhibition halls are located on thefirst and second floors.

First floor is decorated with crystal lamps,created by Edgar Brandt and hold murals by

Rufino Tamayo.Adamo Boari and Manuel E. Ponce halls holdmusic and literature events. And the National

and International halls are for exhibitions.
http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Tamayo_Nacimiento_de_nuestra_nacionalidad.jpg


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Second floor has smaller exhibitionhalls as well as murals by Jose

Clemente Orozco, David AlfaroSiqueiros, Diego Rivera, Jorge

Gonzlez Camarena, RobertoMontenegro and Manuel Rodrguez

Lozano.

Third floor is occupied by the

Museum of Architecture. Theironwork was designed in Italy byAlessandro Mazzucotelli and in

Mexico by Luis Romero Soto.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/PBADFCeiling.JPG


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However, the most impacting aspect is the stage curtainwhich is a stained glass foldable panel created out of nearly amillion pieces of iridescent pieces of colored glass byTiffanys

in New York. This stage curtain is the only one of its type in anyopera house in the world and weighs 24 tons. The design of thecurtain has the volcanoes Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl in the

center.


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At the entrance of the theatre, thereare mascarons in bronze with

depictions of Tlaloc, and Chaac, the

Aztec and Mayan deities of water,which along with the rest weredesigned by Gianette Fiorenzo.


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The Fine Arts Palace is one of the

most important cultural center inMexico City.

Conceived as the maximumrepresentation of the culture in

Mexico, nowadays it offersmultiple artistic activities, as theseasons of the most important

groups of the National Institute ofFine Arts, such as the SymphonicNational Orchestra, the National

Company of Dance, the NationalCompany of Opera and the

National Company of Theatre,between others.


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The Palacio deCorreos de Mexico(Postal Palace ofMexico City) also

known as the "CorreoMayor" (Main PostOffice) is located in

the historic center ofMexico City, on theEje Central (LzaroCrdenas) near toPalacio de Bellas

Artes.


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It was designedby Italian architectAdamo Boari (who

also designed thePalacio de Bellas

Artes) andconstructed by

Mexican militaryengineer GonzaloGarita y Frontera.


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Its design andconstruction wasthe most modern

of the time,including a very

eclectic style

mixing severaldifferent traditions

into a verycomplex design.


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The first stone ofthe building was

placed on 14September 1902,

and work on thebuilding lasted foranother five years.


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In 1907, the buildingwas inaugurated bythen president of

Mexico, Porfirio Diaz,who, in a symbolic act,dropped two postcardsinto the receiving bin,

one addressed to alocation in Mexico City,and one addressed to adifferent locale in the

country.


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Naval Historical

Museum

The Naval HistoricalMuseum is located onthe fourth floor of the

Palace.

The collectionincludes models,

photographs, maps andother items from the

different eras ofnavigation in Mexico.


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Postal Palace is todayone of the most

beautiful buildings ofthe historical center ofMxico City declared

artistic monument onMay 4th, 1987.


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It is the masterpiece

of neoclassicism inAmerica.

Planned and builtfrom 1797 to 1813 bythe sculptor and

architect ManuelValencia Tols tohouse the RoyalSchool of Mines, toform academicspecialists in mining.


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It is located in Mexico City onTacuba street in front of the Plaza

Manuel Tols, opened in 1979 withthe placement of the equestrian

statue of Charles IV known as "TheHorse", a piece made by this great

artist.

The majestic monument of elegance ofform and accuracy of proportions thatcombines light, space and functionality,is one of the most important buildings

in Mexican architecture, part of theartistic and cultural heritage of theNational Autonomous University ofMexico and is under the stewardship ofthe Faculty of Engineering.


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Nowadays, this building houses thehome office of the Continual andDistance Education Division (DECD), the

Engineer Bruno MascanzoniInformation and Documentation Center,the Historical Archives of the Palace ofMines, the Manuel Tols Museum,different engineering groups as well asdifferent administrative areas.

Inside this magnificentbuilding stand out especiallythe patio, the Assembly Hall,

the former chapel of the Virginof Guadalupe and itsmagnificent staircase, whichhave been immortalized byartists and writers throughouthistory.


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Also you can find the exhibition ofInstruments of Torture and Capital Punishment

European Instruments of Torture, the Middle Ages to the nineteenthcentury, consists of more than 85 parts


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This exhibition is openMonday to Sunday from

10:00 to 18:00 hrs.

Entrance fee- $ 40.00 adults.

- $ 25.00 students, teachers, INAPAM(before INSEN) with valid ID, ICOM.- Children under 6 years free


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Collection of pieces that were used to inflict pain tohumans

Going back to the 16th and 17th centuries, Age Media

How these instruments were used on the victims


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Four sections:

Instruments of public humiliation Torture instruments

Instruments of capital punishment Instruments of torture against women

historic center of mexico final1

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