historic preservation & the leed rating system barbara a. campagna, aia, leed ap graham gund...
TRANSCRIPT
HISTORIC PRESERVATION & THE LEED RATING SYSTEM BARBARA A. CAMPAGNA, AIA, LEED APGraham Gund Architect of the National Trust
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL
Robie House, Chicago, IL
THE NATIONAL TRUST FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATIONThe National Trust provides leadership, education, advocacy and resources to save America's diverse historic places and revitalize our communities.
STEWARDSHIP OF HISTORIC SITES29 Historic Sites Across the Country that tell the many-layered story of America.
Hotel de Paris, George, ColoradoFrank Lloyd Wright Home & Studio, Oak Park, IL
PROGRAMSThe Programs department supports local preservationists in saving and enhancing historic resources.
Mississippi River, Minneapolis
PUBLIC POLICYAdvocates the integration of preservation into public policies before federal, state, and local legislative bodies and appointed officials and pursues annual federal appropriations for state historic preservation and other programs.
WHY ARE HISTORIC & EXISTING BUILDINGS IMPORTANT?BUILDINGS ACCOUNT FOR ALMOST HALF OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES
Smog in the Hollywood Hills
CLIMATE CHANGEOur Role• US emits 22% of greenhouse gases
Griffith Observatory, Hollywood, CA
WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY?Source: UN World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987, The Brundtland Report
“Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
GOALS
MAKE THE CASE FOR PRESERVATION AS INHERENTLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & CRUCIAL TO CONTROLLING CLIMATE CHANGE
Pike Place Market, Seattle
GOALS- PROMOTE1. Building Reuse2. Reinvestment in Older & Historic Communities3. Retrofit the Existing Building Stock
Brucemore, A National Trust Site, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
BUILDING REUSE1. Preserves Embodied Energy And Avoids New Impacts2. Reduces Amount of New Waste
Added to Landfills3. Lessens Demand for New
Materials
Federal Courthouse, Tacoma, WA
REINVEST IN OLDER & HISTORIC COMMUNITIES
1. Preserves Embodied Energy & Avoids
New Impacts2. Reduces Demand for New Infrastructure
Downtown Galena, Illinois
GREEN THE EXISTING BUILDING STOCK
1. Traditional Historic Buildings were built
to last2. Many are already Energy
Efficient
Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
GREEN THE EXISTING BUILDING STOCK
3.Energy performance Can be improved
4.Increasing Number of Historic buildings
are going green
Nakamura Courthouse, SeattleA LEED Silver GSA Project
THE NATIONAL TRUST’sSUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVEA FOUR-PRONG PROGRAMPolicy OutreachResearch Internal Practices
POLICY – NTHP AGENDA
1.Incorporate Preservation Metrics into LEED.
2.Federal/StateExpand Historic Tax Credits.Tax Credits for Green Rehabs.
3. Local Ensure building codes are
preservation friendly.Encourage long range planning to target growth to existing communities.
Green Building Initiatives
SeattlePortland, OR
Minneapolis, MN
Washington, DC
US Department of Agriculture
Montgomery County, MD
Chicago, IL
Nashville, TN
New York, NY
Pennsylvania Public School Districts
Tybee Island, GA
California
San Jose, CA
Colorado
General Services Administration
Scottsdale, AZ
Honolulu, HI
Wisconsin
Washington StateAustin, TX
CHICAGO, ILThe Green Standard of 2004All new city-funded construction and major renovation projects will earn LEED certification.
CHICAGO, ILThe Green Permit ProgramOffering expedited permitting for projects that incorporate innovative green building strategies, including LEED certification.
WASHINGTON, DCGreen Building Act of 2006Requires LEED compliance with municipal and private projects over 50,000 sq ft.
THE SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION COALITIONTHE SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVENTHP, APT, AIA & NPS + GSA & NCSHPO
PRESERVATION CHOICESIt is better to preserve than to repair, better to repair than to restore, better to restore than to reconstruct.
N. Didron, 1839.
environmental choices
ReduceRe-useRe-cycle
THE SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION COALITIONHOW TO BEST INTEGRATE PRESERVATION & CULTURAL VALUES INTO LEED & GREEN RATING SYSTEMS
WHAT IS LEED® AND THE US GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL?
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™ encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and development practices through the creation and implementation of universally understood and accepted tools and performance criteria.
Test
Levels of LEED Ratings
Green Buildings worldwide are certified with a voluntary,consensus-based rating system. USGBC has four levels of LEED.
Test
LEADERSHIP inENERGY andENVIRONMENTALDESIGN
A leading-edge system for certifyingDESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, & OPERATIONSof the greenest buildings in the world
Scores are tallied for different aspects of efficiency and design in appropriate categories.
For instance, LEED assesses in detail:
1. Site Planning2. Water Management3. Energy Management4. Material Use5. Indoor Environmental Air Quality6. Innovation & Design Process
WHAT IS LEED ?WHAT IS THE U.S.GREEN BUILDINGCOUNCIL?
LEED & HISTORIC PRESERVATION CURRENTLY
1. Out of 69 points, about 20 are building type neutral.
2. Another 10 support preservation activities.
3. Any existing building can basically get a “certified” rating with very little effort.
4. Getting “silver” requires a bit more effort and “gold” is readily achievable.
PRESIDENT LINCOLN’S COTTAGEON TARGET FOR A GOLD LEED RATING FOR THE VISITOR EDUCATION CENTER ON THE SITE
Visitor Education Center
Test
Average Savings of Green Buildings
ENERGYSAVINGS
30%
CARBONSAVINGS
35%
WATERUSE
SAVINGS30-50%
WASTECOST
SAVINGS50-90%
Source:Capital E
Test
What is green building?Design and construction practices that meet specified standards, resolving much of the negative impact of buildings on their occupants and on the environment.
SitePlanning
IndoorEnvironmentalQuality
Water
Management
MaterialUse
Energy
LEED & HISTORIC PRESERVATION CURRENTLY
1. Overlooks the impact of projects on cultural value;
2. Does not effectively consider the performance, longer service lives and embodied energy of historic materials and assemblies;
3. And is overly focused on current or future technologies, neglecting how past experience helps to determine sustainable performance.
THE NATIONAL TRUST & THE US GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL
Building a Partnership
Changing the Face of LEED
REVISING LEED – LEED v3 2009Changing LEED to a weighted system based on LCA Indicators & Preservation/Social/Cultural Metrics
LEED SYSTEM IS POINT BASED
NC 2.2 v3Sustainable Sites 14 26Water Efficiency 5 10Energy & Atmosphere 17 35Materials & Resources 13 14Indoor Env Quality 15 15Innovation & Design 5 6Regional Bonus 0 4
69 110Project Totals 110 Possible PointsCertified 40–49 points Silver 50–59 points Gold 60–79 points Platinum 80–110 points
LEED v3 20093 key pieces:- LEED Rating System updates and revisions - Revision and evolution of the LEED certification process - LEED Online v3
WHAT IS LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS?A methodology for assessing the environmental performance of a product over its full life cycle
Arctic Building, Seattle
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSISLCA INDICATORS AND US NEPA NISTBEES – BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
WEIGHTINGSLEED Weighted Credits
Indicator Weighting 29% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 6% 6% 5% 4% 3% 3% 2%
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Res
ourc
e D
eple
tion
Foss
il Fu
elH
uman
Hea
lth C
rite
ria
Pollu
tant
s
Wat
er In
take
Hum
an H
ealth
C
ance
rous
Eff
ects
Eco
logi
cal T
oxic
ity
Eut
roph
icat
ion
Hab
itat A
ltera
tion
Hum
an H
ealth
N
onca
ncer
ous
Eff
ects
Phot
oche
mic
al O
xida
nt
(sm
og) F
orm
atio
n
Aci
difica
tion
Indo
or A
ir Q
ualit
y
Stra
tosp
heric
Ozo
ne
Dep
letio
n
Cre
dit
/ C
ateg
ory
Tot
al
indicator totals 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100SS Category Sustainable Sites 19 50 35 16 19 50 100 10 80 10 5 2 29.46
SS Prereq 1 Erosion & Sedimentation Control 5 5 0.6SS Credit 1 Site Selection 5 25 2SS Credit 2 Development Density & Community Connectivity 5 10 5 3 25 1 25 2 5.75SS Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment 5 5 4 12 10 5 2.96SS Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access 4 5 5 3 10 1 25 2 1 4.08SS Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 3 5 5 2 10 1 5 2 2.89SS Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation, Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 3 5 5 2 10 1 25 2 1 3.71SS Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity 3 5 5 2 10 1 2 2.69SS Credit 5.1 Site Development, Protect or Restore Habitat 5 0.5SS Credit 5.2 Site Development, Maximize Open Space 5 25 2SS Credit 6.1 Stormwater Design, Quantity Control 1 25 1.79SS Credit 6.2 Stormwater Design, Quality Control 7 0.49SS Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof
SS Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect, Roof
SS Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction
WE Category Water Efficiency 1 20 100 15 50 14.34WE Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% 0.5 5 20 5 25 4.095WE Credit 1.2 Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation 0.5 5 40 5 25 5.695WE Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 5 0.35WE Credit 3.1 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction 5 25 2.5WE Credit 3.2 Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction 5 15 1.7EA Category Energy & Atmosphere 75 10 25 15 15 20 20 50 98 32.51EA Prereq 1 Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning
EA Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance
EA Prereq 3 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment 50 1EA Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance, 1 to 10 possible points 75 10 25 5 5 5 20 25 27.55EA Credit 2 Renewable Energy, 1 to 3 possible points
EA Credit 3 Additional Commissioning 48 0.96EA Credit 4 Ozone DepletionEA Credit 5 Measurement & Verification
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
1. LEED Prerequisite/Credit Alignment and Harmonization
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
2. Predictable Development Cycle
Regular Updates – 2010, Cultural Metrics
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
3. Transparent Environmental/Human Impact Credit Weighting
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
4. Regionalization
Hotel de Paris, Georgetown, CO
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
Changes to Sustainable Sites
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
Changes to Energy & Atmosphere
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
Changes to Materials & Resources
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
Changes to Materials & Resources
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
ALTERNATE COMPLIANCE PATH FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF BUILDING ASSEMBLIES
Frank Lloyd Wright Home & Studio, Oak Park, IL
DURABILITY
Identify the relative durability of various materials, systems and assemblies and reward buildings whose components are more durable.
Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
Beyond green building blog on PreservationNation
LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf
Open for public comment May 19-June 22
Then will go out for member vote for implementation January 1, 2009
French Quarter, New Orleans
LEED ND (Neighborhood Development)
The LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System integrates the principles of smart growth, urbanism and green building into the first national system for neighborhood design.
SPRAWLHistoric preservation reduces sprawl. LEED ND - a collaboration among USGBC, the Congress for the New Urbanism and the Natural Resources Defense Council.
LEED NDChanges to the Pilot version coming
out for final review this fall, with the final version ready for 2009.
Millennium Park, Chicago
Manitou Springs, Colorado
LEED ND - GIB Credit 5To achieve this point, the project must not
demolish any historic building or portion of a historic building within the project boundary, unless approval for such action is granted by the local historic preservation review board, or equivalent body…
Millennium Park, Chicago
LEED NDOPTION 1 (1 point): Preserve historic
buildings located within the project boundary.
OPTION 2 (1 point): If the historic building or buildings are to be rehabilitated, rehabilitate in accordance with local review or federal standards for rehabilitation..
Reliance Building/Hotel Burnham, Chicago
LIFE CYCLE FLEXIBILITY
Recognize the multiple reuses and adaptability of historic building types which extends the life cycle of buildings, the building stock and our communities.
Manitou Springs, Colorado
DENSITYPlaces like Boulder are town-centered, transit and pedestrian oriented, have a greater mix of housing, commercial and retail uses and preserve open spaces.
LEED v3 2010 Virtual Bookshelf
Adding more cultural/historic preservation and social metrics
Millennium Park, Chicago
INTEGRATING PRESERVATION METRICS INTO LEED
Additional METRICS
1. Social Sustainability2. Social Capital
How to Quantify the Unquantifiable?
SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITYCelebrate existing buildings and provide more reward for the recognized sites of architectural, cultural and social significance using nationally recognized standards and criteria.
Frank Lloyd Wright Home & Studio, Oak Park, IL
SOCIAL CAPITAL
Recognize the importance of “social capital” associated with historic buildings and neighborhoods.
Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
THE NATIONAL TRUST & THE US GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL
Building a Partnership
Changing the Face of LEED
LEED 3.0/2009Weighting using LCAAlternative Compliance
using Durability of Materials
LEED 3.0/2010Preservation/Social
Metrics
HISTORIC REHABILITATION TAX CREDITSTHE ARMORY IN PORTLAND The first LEED Platinum/Tax Credit Project
HISTORIC REHABILITATION TAX CREDITSTHE CHRISTMAN BUILDING Lansing, MI The first dual LEED Platinum Project AND Tax Credit Project
BY 2030 50% OF ALL BUILDINGS WILL HAVE BEEN ERECTED AFTER 2000: 82 billion sq. ft. demolishedTHE BROOKINGS INSTITUTE, 2004
Milwaukee Art Museum, Calatrava
WE CAN’T BUILD OUR WAY OUT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
THE SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE
The Pritzker Pavilion, Gehry
WE ALSO CAN’T FREEZE OUR WAY OUT OF IT….
THE SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE
Governor’s Palace, Williamsburg, VA
IT’S ALL ABOUT CHOICE AND BALANCE
View of Earth from Apollo 17, 1972
Polar Bears stranded in Northern Alaska, from the Daily MailFebruary 1, 2007, © EnviroZine
WE ALL HAVE TO WORK TOGETHER TO IMPACT THE POLITICAL WILLTHE SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE
THANK YOU,NCSHPO & Historic Tax CreditConference Colleagues!