historical developments of bilaan vowels and some consonant

8/8/2019 Historical Developments of Bilaan Vowels and Some Consonant

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Historical Developments of BilaanVowels and Some Consonant

Reflexes in Bilaan and Related

Dialects

Norman Abrams


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Proto Forms (Proto-Malayo-Polynesia)

From Dempwolff and primarily Dyen

Consonants:

p t k b d g z Z c j T D s w q h l r R m n N

*Z has reflexes of l d r ll dl

*T retroflex t

*D retroflex d

*q glottal stop

*N velar nasal


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Vowels

a e i u o

* - back, low, unrounded

*- front, mid, unrounded

*- pepet


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Development from *i

*i / { __q}

{q__ }

{ __R#}

Ex. *paquit - fqt bitter

*pe(dD)iq fdq to smart


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Unexplainable exceptions

*haliq qilih move

*pasiR falak sand

*kahit kawit hook*paRi(h) fgi ray fish


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If the vowel of the first syllable is *a it alsobecomes Bilaan

Ex. *wa(hO)iA qql water

First syllable *i becomes Bilaan i if the final

syllable of the Bilaan base did not become

Ex. *ijuN qilung nose


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Exceptions show development to Bilaan u and a*hiRaq fuleq red

*itu qatuq this

*piliq qalek choose


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Developments from *u

*u o / { __k}

{ __R}

{ h__}{ __q}

{q__}

*in closed syllables


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Ex.

*busuR bohol shoot a bow*Dahun doqon leaf

*tubuq taboq grow

*Rusuk lohok rib

Exceptions:

*(qO)apuR qful lime

*(tT)uquD tuqad stump

*tuDuq tdq leak


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In other cases *u in the final syllable of proto

bases was retained as u in Bilaan bases

Ex. *halu lu pestle

*abuh qabu ashes

Exceptions manifest e and o in the final Bilaan

Syllable

Ex. *suNuh sunget animal horn

*temun timon cucumber


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*u and * a also became o if the proto form

had a base form had a base medial *h *q or *s

Ex.

*Dahun doqon leaf

*tuquh toqo very, true*busuR bohol shoot a bow

Exceptions:*puluq faloq ten

*tubuq taboq grow


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If the last syllable of the proto base did notbecame Bilaan o, first syllable *u of the proto

base usually remained Bilaan first syllable u.

Ex.*ujin qusing charcoal

*qulu qulu head


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Developments from *a

*a / { q__}

{ __q}

{k__ }{__k }

{final syllable}


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Examples:

*tuqah tuq elder*anak ngq child

*qepa qaf chaff

Exceptions:

*paqa fugad thigh

*buNa benge fruit*hiRap fuleq red


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Final syllable *a become e in Bilaan except

when next to *q *k or *REx.

*quZan daln path

*lima(h) lime fiveExceptions

*zalan daln path

*bayad bayd pay


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*a is retained as Bilaan a in final closed

syllables next to *R in proto bases

Ex.

*quRat qulat vein

*(qO)ulaR qulad snake

Exceptions:

*rurR luhl wide


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First syllable *a in the proto form remained

Bilaan a, unless the last syllable of the Bilaan

reflex became or o

Ex.

*qatey qaty liver

*zalan daln road

Exceptions:

*paqa fugad thigh

*(qO)apuR qful lime


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Developments from *e

*e [a]

[]

*where *e is in the second syllable


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Ex.

*liqeR liqal neck*kaen kaqn eat

Exception:*iNet lifet remember(Bilaan foeget)


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*e in first syllable of proto bases became first

syllable a and in some cases i in Bilaan bases.

Ex.

*getaq gatq coconut milk

*peRaq fisq squeeze


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Consonant Reflexes in Bilaan and

Related Dialects


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Proto Bilaan Tagabili Mansaka Bisaya English

*liqeR liqal lihl liyeg liqug neck

*qulu qulu kulu quru qulu head

*uRat qulat qulat qugat qugat vein

*(qO)apuR qful lahaq qapug qapug lime

*beRas mseh mso begas bugas polished rice

*paqit fgt hgt paqit paqit bitter

*penuq fnoq henk paqit paqit full

*teNaq tngq tengaq tengaq tungaq half

*pipi(h) fifi hifi pisngi qaping cheek

*puluq faloq falq puru puluq ten

*pe(dD)iq fdq hedk -apdes hapdus to smart

*hiyup yuf yuf guyup huyup blow

*babaq bq bak babaq baqbaq mouth

*ludaq dulq dulak tubad luwaq spittle


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Consonant Correspondence of *R

Mansaka and Bisaya have g for *R

Bilaan and Tagabili have l for *R


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Other Reflexes

Bilaan reflex of *p to f

Tagabili - *p to h to f


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Terimah Kasih

historical developments of bilaan vowels and some consonant

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