historical view of hr roles. historical turning points in hr 1793 samuel slater 1886 american...
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Historical View of HR Roles
ServiceAdvisory
Control
• Assistsorganization,its employees,and the public.
• Assists linemanagers withHR functions.
Implements:• Policies.• Procedures.• Rules.
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Historical Turning Points in HR
• 1793 Samuel Slater• 1886 American Federation of Labor (AFL)• 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act• 1907 Immigration Act of 1907• 1909 Frederick Winslow Taylor• 1911 Triangle Shirt Waist Company fire• 1913 Henry Ford• 1914-1918 World War I• 1926 Railway Labor Act• 1930s Early HR Research
• Hawthorne Experiments • Maslow’s Need Hierarchy• McGragor’s Theory X & Y• Herzberg’s Motivators and Satisfiers
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Historical HR (cont)
• 1932 Norris-LaGuardia Act• 1935 Social Security Act• 1935 National Labor Relations Act • 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act • 1941-1945 World War II• 1946 Numerous labor strikes• 1947 Taft-Hartley Act• 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education• 1964 Civil Right Act of 1964• 1965 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)• 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)• 1977 Human Resources Planning Society (now SHRM)• 1979 Office of Personnel Management
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Historical HR (con’t)
• 1980s Stock option developed• 1981 Professional Air Traffic Controllers (PATCO) strike• 1985 Sperry Rand & Burroughs merge to form Unisys
• First of mergers and acquisitions• Corporate downsizings
• 1987 PeopleSoft Inc – first HR management software• 1980s (late) Global competition• 1991 Clarence Thomas-Anita Hill hearings (sexual harassment)• 1994 Monster Board – online recruiting• 1999 BP Amoco and Exult – $600M HR outsourcing arrangement• 2001 World Trade Center attack• 2001 Fraud at Enron• 2006 IBM permanently stop defined benefit pensions
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Current HR Roles
Strategic
Administrative
Operational
Global, long-term perspectiveFocuses on building the right culture and organization
Day-to-day perspectiveFocuses on running the organization
Focuses on compliance issues and record keeping
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ASSESSENVIRONMENT
SETOBJECTIVES
APPLY HUMAN
RESOURCEACTIVITIES
EVALUATERESULTS
F E E D B A C K
EXTERNALCONDITIONS• World Conditions• Economic Conditions• Government Regulations• Unions• TechnologyORGANIZATIONALCONDITIONS• Nature of the Organization• Nature of the WorkEMPLOYEECONDITIONS• Abilities (KSA)• Motivation• Interests
EFFICIENCY• Organization• Employee
EQUITY• Organization• Employee
PLANNING
STAFFING
DEVELOPMENT
EMPLOYEE/UNIONRELATIONS
COMPENSATION
EFFICIENCY
EQUITY
THE DIAGNOSTIC MODELGeorge MilkovichJohn Boudreau
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Environmental Scanning
• Interprets data related to external opportunities and threats.
• Prepares HR to participate in strategic planning.
– Employment– Demographics– Political
Looks at seven key factors.Economic
International
Technological
Social
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EconomicFactors
Interestrates
Interestrates
InflationInflation DisposableIncome
DisposableIncome
CPICPI
GDPGDP
Economicfactors
Economicfactors
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International Factors
• European Union
• Wage comparisons
• Trade agreements
• Globalization
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Technological and Social Factors
• Technological factors– Advances in technology
– Technological skills
– Process changes
• Social factors– Worker skills
– Corporate responsibility
– Population shifts
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Trends in Technology: Increased Training Access
• Streaming desktop video– Delivers training to the desktop.
• Provides access to E-learning– Provides access to training at home or work,
– 24 hours a day/7 days a week.
• Virtual-reality technology– Paper-based training modules are replaced with
ability to “see” training tasks or environment.
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Trends in Technology:Access to Knowledge and Information
• Knowledge management– Enhances the ability to retain intellectual capital.
• Web portals– Provide an interface to resources needed on the job.
• Internet– Provides information, enhances productivity, and
improves communication.
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Trends in Technology:Changes in How Business Is Done
• Business-to-business integration– B-to-B e-commerce will become the dominant
business model.
• E-procurement– Online ordering processes streamline transactions.
• Electronic signatures– Carry the same weight as a pen-and-ink signature.
• Application service providers– Host and manage an organization's software
applications on the Internet.
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Trends in Technology:Widening of the Digital Divide
• Refers to the gap between people who have computer access and those who do not.
• HR is instrumental in analyzing skill and technology levels in employees.
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Employment Factors
• Immigration• Migration• Occupational and
industry shifts• Recruitment• Unions• Unemployment trends
Turnover trendsRelocation
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Demographic Factors
Generationaldifferences
Nontraditional labor force
Unskilledlabor
WomenAge
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Political Factors
• New legislation– Assess organization’s liability.
– Maintain compliance.
– Integrate with other laws.
– Train supervisors.
• Partisan climate– Analyze party priorities and
platforms.
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EconomicFactors
Interestrates
Interestrates
InflationInflation DisposableIncome
DisposableIncome
CPICPI
GDPGDP
Economicfactors
Economicfactors
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International Factors
• European Union
• Wage comparisons
• Trade agreements
• Globalization
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HR’s Role in Strategic Planning
• Serve the organization’s needs.• Learn about the organization’s industry.• Serve as a consultant.• Gather facts and data.• Build partnerships.
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Phase 1: Strategy Formulation
Must understand:What business the company is in.When to change the mission and alter strategy.How and when to communicate the mission.
Strategy Formulation
• Develop mission and vision statements.
• Define organizational values.
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Phase 2: Strategy Development
S = Internal strengths
W = Internal weaknesses
O = External opportunities
T = External threats
Strategy Development
• Conduct a SWOT analysis.
• Establish long-term objectives (three to five years).
• Identify corporate, unit, and functional strategies.
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Phase 3: Strategy Implementation
Resources needed toachieve objectives:• Financial• Physical• Human• Technological
Strategy Implementation
• Establish short-term objectives (six months to a year).
• Develop action plans.• Allocate resources.• Motivate employees.
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Phase 4: Strategy Evaluation
• Assess strategies by noting changes in:– Internal strengths and
weaknesses.– External opportunities
and threats.
• Take corrective action when changes have occurred.
Strategy Evaluation
• Review strategies at planned intervals.
• Measure performance.• Take corrective action.
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Phase 4: Strategy Evaluation
• Assess strategies by noting changes in:– Internal strengths and
weaknesses.– External opportunities
and threats.
• Take corrective action when changes have occurred.
Strategy Evaluation
• Review strategies at planned intervals.
• Measure performance.• Take corrective action.
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Functions of Management
Planning Studying the future, forecasting, setting goals, and planning actions.
Organizing Designing a structure to meet goals and assigning resources.
Coordinating Uniting all organizational activities and giving resources to accomplish goals.
Directing Engaging in leadership and motivational activities that ensure effective results.
Controlling Ensuring that the plan is followed.
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Which of the following activities best prepares HR to participate in the strategic planning
process?
A. Evaluating a new HRIS system
B. Restructuring HR’s recruiting system
C. Training line managers on interviewing techniques
D. Reviewing the company’s key financial data
Answer: D
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Which of the following typically appeals to Generation X workers?
A. A project that requires collaboration and rewards team performance
B. Time off to balance the needs of aging parents and children
C. Supervisors who can create an effective team environment for them
D. Structured work environments that reward individual creativity
Answer: A
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How can HR meet staffing needs in a small, privately held company affected by swiftly
developing technologies?
A. Recruit highly skilled workers who are flexible and adaptable.
B. Promote entrepreneurial initiatives to help avoid unionization.
C. Expand the global recruitment of technical workers.
D. Train workers to be better prepared mentally and professionally for uncertainty.
Answer: A