history and progress of hunting optics€¦ · he use of a “telescope” as a sighting device on...
TRANSCRIPT
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History and Progress of Hunting Opticswhere we started, where we are , where we are going
Omid Jahromi, Ph.D.
November 20, 2014
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Hunting Optics:
Binoculars Rifle scopes Spotting scopes
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Binoculars Rifle scopes Spotting scopes
Hunting Optics:
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Galilean field glass (19th century)
Milestones in binoculars history
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Binoculars with prismatic erector
(Ignatio Porro’s 1854 Italian patent)
Milestones in binoculars history
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Binoculars with prismatic erector
(Ignatio Porro’s 1854 Italian patent)
Carl Zeiss (1816 – 1888) Ernst Abbe (1840 – 1905)
Milestones in binoculars history
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Milestones in binoculars history
Moritz Carl Hensoldt (1821- 1903)
Binoculars with prismatic erector
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Milestones in binoculars history
Moritz Carl Hensoldt (1821- 1903)
Binoculars with prismatic erector
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Milestones in binoculars history
Binoculars with prismatic erector
Dr. Ernst Leitz II (1871- 1956)
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Milestones in binoculars history
Dr. Ernst Leitz II (1871- 1956)
Binoculars with prismatic erector
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Contemporary binoculars
Porro Prism binocularsRoof Prism binoculars
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Contemporary binoculars
Porro Prism binocularsRoof Prism binoculars
Inherently better design More popular
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Leica Ultravid 8X42
State of the art
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Swarovski 8.5X42 EL
State of the art
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Zeiss Victory SF 8X42
State of the art
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How much better will binoculars get in the future?
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1907 1927 1990
Trinovid BA
1963
Leitz 6X18
Trinovid 2nd Gen
Trinovid I
Leitz 8X30
Ultravid
Ultravid HD+
1970s 2014
Timeline
Optical Performance
2003
How much better will binoculars get in the future?
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1907 1927 1990
Trinovid BA
1963
Leitz 6X18
Trinovid 2nd Gen
Trinovid I
Leitz 8X30
Ultravid
Ultravid HD+
1970s 2014
Timeline
Optical Performance
2003
Performance cieling set by the laws of Physics
How much better will binoculars get in the future?
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Wild Und Hund, Feb. 2006
Example I: Leica 10X40 (1975) vs Leica 10X42 (2005)
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Light Tranmission Measurements
Example I: Leica 10X40 (1975) vs Leica 10X42 (2005)
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Ultravid Ultravid HD Ultravid HD+ Trinovid BNTrinovid BA
20011992 2003 2007 2014
Example II: Leica 10X50 Ultravid vs Leica 10X50 Ultravid HD
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Ultravid Ultravid HD Ultravid HD+ Trinovid BNTrinovid BA
20011992 2003 2007 2014
Example II: Leica 10X50 Ultravid vs Leica 10X50 Ultravid HD
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8x56 Victory 8x56 Victory FL 8x54 Victory HT8X56 Design SelectionZeiss 8X56 Classic
19901970s 2001 2006 2013
Example III: Evolution of Zeiss 8X56 binoculars
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8x56 Victory 8x56 Victory FL 8x54 Victory HT8X56 Design SelectionZeiss 8X56 Classic
19901970s 2001 2006 2013
Example III: Evolution of Zeiss 8X56 binoculars
still in production!
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8x56 Victory
8x56 Design Selection
8x56 Classic
Example III: Evolution of Zeiss 8X56 binoculars
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Binoculars Summary
Bird Watching
Hunting
• The performance summit was reached in late 90s.
• Misleading terms are being used to create a false sense of improvement
(e.g. HD, high-transmission, flat-field, edge-to-edge sharpness, etc.)
• Binoculars are being optimized for bird watchers not hunters
(e.g. adding near focus, variable-focus, etc.)
If you have a good pair of binoculars from late 90s or newer, keep it!
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Binoculars Rifle scopes Spotting scopes
Hunting Optics:
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Early history of riflescopes
The use of a “telescope” as a sighting device on a rifle dates back to the US Civil War.
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Early history of riflescopes
Early riflescopes had external adjustment for elevation and windage.
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Early history of riflescopes
Early riflescopes had external adjustment for elevation and windage.
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Early history of riflescopes
Rifle scopes with internal adjustments appeared in early 20th century.
• adjustment was for elevation only
• mounting was very difficult
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Early history of riflescopes
Later, riflescopes with both elevation and windage adjustments were also made.
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Contemporary riflescopes
Since then, riflescopes have improved in both optical quality and mechanical precision.
However, their basic design has remained the same.
Zeiss 2.5-10X52, on the author’s Sauer 80 rifle (1976)
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State of the art
Zeiss 3-12X 56 Victory HT
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State of the art
Swarovski Z6 2-12X 50
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State of the art
Schmidt and Bender Stratos 2.5-13X56
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State of the art
Today, all premium scopes have:
• 4X to to 8X zoom range• Internal adjustment• 42mm to 56mm objective lens• Illuminated reticle• Waterproof and fog-proof housing
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State of the art
Today, all premium scopes have:
• 4X to to 8X zoom range• Internal adjustment• 42mm to 56mm objective lens• Illuminated reticle• Waterproof and fog-proof housing
But they also have fundamental design flaws!
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Fundamental flaws of every rifle scope
1. Requires a precise eye position
2. Has parallax error
3. Mechanical adjustment is not robust
4. Optical path of the telescope is bent
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Fundamental flaws of every rifle scope
1. Requires a precise eye position
2. Has parallax error
3. Mechanical adjustment is not robust
4. Optical path of the telescope is bent
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Fundamental flaws of every rifle scope
1. Requires a precise eye position
2. Has parallax error
3. Mechanical adjustment is not robust
4. Optical path of the telescope is bent
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42
direction of recoil force
Fundamental flaws of every rifle scope
1. Requires a precise eye position
2. Has parallax error
3. Mechanical adjustment is not robust
4. Optical path of the telescope is bent
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Fundamental flaws of every rifle scope
1. Requires a precise eye position
2. Has parallax error
3. Mechanical adjustment is not robust
4. Optical path of the telescope is bent
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Schmidt and Bender Product Line (2014)
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Schmidt and Bender Product Line (2014)
Perfect scope (Introduced in 1990s)
Cheap model
Nothing new here
More zoom
Even more zoom! (introduced in 2014)
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Reticles offered by Schmidt and Bender (2014)
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Example I: Horus H37™ reticle
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Example I: Horus H37™ reticle
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Example I: Horus H37™ reticle
These reticles are marketed as “visual computers” and “ballistic calculation” tools while in truth they are nothing but visual distraction.
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Example II: Zeiss Rapid-Z reticles
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Example II: Zeiss Rapid-Z reticles
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Example II: Zeiss Rapid-Z reticles
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Example II: Zeiss Rapid-Z reticles
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Example II: Zeiss Rapid-Z reticles
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• The Rapid-Z reticles are mounted in the 2nd Focal Plane of the riflescope!!
• The scales are valid only at highest magnification. At all other magnification, the reticle is just blocking your field of view and means nothing!!
It is a great way to convert your zoom scope into a fixed-power scope!
Example II: Zeiss Rapid-Z reticles
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Terry Wieland, Rifle Magazine
What is a good reticle then?
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What is a good reticle then?
German #4 with illuminated dot
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Riflescope Summary
• Riflescopes optical quality reached its peak in 1990s.
• Manufacturers are now competing over more zoom, more complicated reticles and other gimmicks.
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Riflescope Summary
• Riflescopes optical quality reached its peak in 1990s.
• Manufacturers are now competing over more zoom, more complicated reticles and other gimmicks.
Schmidt and Bender booth, IWA 2014, Germany
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A new vision…
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Bringing true innovation back to the hunting optics
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Innovation I: Riflescope with optical adjustment system
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Innovation I: Riflescope with optical adjustment system
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Innovation I: Riflescope with optical adjustment system
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Innovation I: Riflescope with optical adjustment system
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Innovation I: Riflescope with optical adjustment system
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Innovation I: Riflescope with optical adjustment system
Advantages:
1. “Optics” replaces “mechanics”: Independent adjustment for elevation.
2. Robust and reliable adjustment: no tilting tubes, no pointy bearing surfaces, etc.
3. No turrets necessary!!
4. Many other advantages.
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Innovation II: Riflescope with extended exit pupil
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Innovation II: Riflescope with extended exit pupil
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Innovation II: Riflescope with extended exit pupil
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Innovation II: Riflescope with extended exit pupil
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Innovation II: Riflescope with extended exit pupil
Video Clip:
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Innovation III: Riflescope with ballistic zoom
Q: How do we compensate for bullet trajectory at longer range?
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Innovation III: Riflescope with ballistic zoom
Q: How do we compensate for bullet trajectory at longer range?
A: we use the elevation turret or use the reticleto hold over.
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Innovation III: Riflescope with ballistic zoom
Q: How do we compensate for bullet trajectory at longer range?
New Concept:
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Innovation III: Riflescope with ballistic zoom
Q: How do we compensate for bullet trajectory at longer range?
New Concept: Used to zero-in the rifle
Used to compensate for bullet trajectory
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Several other highly-innovative concepts are being patented
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Conclusions
• Hunting optics reached its performance peak in the late 1990s.
• Since then, manufacturers have been adding features that hunters do not need or cannot use.
• As hunters, we must be informed of the above facts and choose our optics wisely.
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Conclusions
• Hunting optics reached its performance peak in the late 1990s.
• Since then, manufacturers have been adding features that hunters do not need or cannot use.
• As hunters, we must be informed of the above facts and choose our optics wisely.
• The next generation of hunting optics is being born here in Los Angeles, California!