history ch - 3 nazism and the rise of hitler

8/16/2019 History Ch - 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

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Nazism and the

Rise of HitlerHistory Ch. - 3


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Introduction In May 1945, Germany surrendered to theAllies.

Anticipatin !hat !as comin, Hitler, his

propaanda minister Goe""els and hisentire #amily committed suicide collecti$elyin his %erlin "un&er in April.

At the end o# the !ar, an InternationalMilitary 'ri"unal at (urem"er !as set up toprosecute (a)i !ar criminals #or Crimesaainst *eace, #or +ar Crimes and Crimes

Aainst Humanity.


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Hitler (center) and Goebbels (left)leaving after an ocial meeting,1932.

NEW WORD -Allies 'he Allied*o!ers !ere initially led"y the / and 0rance. In1941 they !ere oined"y the 22 and 2A.

'hey #ouht aainst theAis *o!ers, namelyGermany, Italy and

apan.


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nder the shado! o# the 2econd +orld +ar,

Germany had !aed a genocidal !ar, !hichresulted in the mass murder o# selected roupso# innocent ci$ilians o# 6urope.

'he num"er o# people &illed included 7 million e!s, 8, Gypsies, 1 million *olish ci$ilians,:, Germans !ho !ere considered mentallyand physically disa"led, "esides innumera"lepolitical opponents.

NEW WORD - Genocidal &illin on larescale leadin to destruction o# lare sections o#

people.


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%irth o# +eimar epu"lic 0irst +orld +ar - 1914 191;. 'he Allies, strenthened "y the 2 entry in 191:,

!on, de#eatin Germany and the Central *o!ersin (o$em"er 191;.

'he peace treaty at ithuania.

Germany !as #orced to pay compensation

amountin to ?7 "illion.


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Germany after the

Germany 1914Land taken from GermanyLand nder Leage of Nations controlDemilitarized zone


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he !"ects of the #ar 'he !ar had a de$astatin impact on the entire

continent "oth psycholoically and @nancially. 'hose !ho supported the +eimar epu"lic,

mainly 2ocialists, Catholics and =emocrats,"ecame easy tarets o# attac& in the

conser$ati$e nationalist circles. 'hey !ere moc&inly called the (o$em"er

criminalsB. 'his mindset had a maor impact on the political

de$elopments o# the early 193s, as !e !ill soonsee.

'he 0irst +orld +ar le#t a deep imprint on6uropean society and polity.

2oldiers came to "e placed a"o$e ci$ilians.


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*olitical adicalism and 6conomic Crisis

'he "irth o# the +eimar epu"lic coincided!ith the re$olutionary uprisin o# the2partacist >eaue on the pattern o# the%olshe$i& e$olution in ussia.

'he political atmosphere in %erlin !aschared !ith demands #or 2o$iet-styleo$ernance.

'hose opposed to this such as thesocialists, =emocrats and Catholics met in+eimar to i$e shape to the democraticrepu"lic.

Ne! !ords


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'his is a rally orani)ed "ythe radical roup &no!n asthe 2partacist >eaue.

%as&ets and carts "ein loaded at a"an& in %erlin !ith paper currency#or !ae payment, 1983. 'heGerman mar& had so little $alue

that $ast amounts had to "e usede$en #or small payments.


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'he +eimar epu"lic crushed the uprisin !ith thehelp o# a !ar $eterans orani)ation called 0reeCorps.

'he anuished 2partacists later #ounded theCommunist *arty o# Germany.

*olitical radicali)ation !as only heihtened "y theeconomic crisis o# 1983.

In 1983 Germany re#used to pay, and the 0renchoccupied its leadin industrial area, uhr, to claimtheir coal.

Germany retaliated !ith passi$e resistance and

printed paper currency rec&lessly. In April the 2 dollar !as eual to 84, mar&s, in uly 353, mar&s, in Auust 4,781, mar&sand at 9;,;7, mar&s "y =ecem"er, the @ure

had run into trillions.


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'his crisis came to "e &no!n ashyperinDation, a situation !hen prices rise

phenomenally hih.

Ne! !ords

+all 2treet 6chane 'he name o# the!orldBs "iest stoc& echanelocated in the 2A.

Homeless men $%e%ing %&

for anight's shelter, 1923.


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'he middle classes, especially salaried employees andpensioners, sa! their sa$ins diminish !hen the currencylost its $alue.

'he sections o# society !ere @lled !ith the #ear o#proletarianisation, an aniety o# "ein reduced to theran&s o# the !or&in class, or !orse still, theunemployed.

A de#ect !as Article 4;, !hich a$e the *resident thepo!ers to impose emerency, suspend ci$il rihts andrule "y decree.

+ithin its short li#e, the +eimar epu"lic sa! t!entydiFerent ca"inets lastin on an a$erae 839 days, and a

li"eral use o# Article 4;. Ne! !ords

*roletarianisation 'o "ecome impo$erished to the le$el o#

!or&in classes.


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Hitlers ise to *o!er Adol# Hitler "orn in 1;;9 in Austria. In 1919, he oined a small roup called German

+or&ers *arty.

He su"seuently too& o$er the orani)ation andrenamed it the (ational 2ocialist German +or&ersB

*arty. 'his party came to "e &no!n as the (a)i *arty. In 1983, Hitler planned to sei)e control o# %a$aria,

march to %erlin and capture po!er.

A#ter 1989, "an&s collapsed and "usinesses shutdo!n, !or&ers lost their o"s and the middle classes!ere threatened !ith destitution.

In 198;, the (a)i *arty ot no more than 8. 7 per cent

$otes in the eichsta the German parliament.


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%y 1938, it had "ecome the larest party!ith 3: per cent $otes.

Ne! !ords

*ropaanda 2peci@c type o# messaedirectly aimed at inDuencin the opinion o#people throuh the use o# posters, @lms,

speeches, etc. %y 1938, it "ecame the larest party !ith

3: per cent $otes.

Hitler being greeted at thearty ongress in*%remberg in 193+.


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Hitler !as a po!er#ul spea&er.

(urem"er ally, 1937.

Hitler addressin 2A and 22 columns.


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'he =estruction o# =emocracyJn 3 anuary 1933, *resident Hinden"ur

oFered the Chancellorship, the hihestposition in the ca"inet o# ministers, toHitler.

'he 0ire =ecree o# 8; 0e"ruary 1933

inde@nitely suspended ci$ic rihts li&e#reedom o# speech, press and assem"lythat had "een uaranteed "y the +eimarconstitution.

Jn 3 March 1933, the #amous 6na"lin Act!as passed.

'his Act esta"lished dictatorship inGermany.


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econstruction

Hitler assined the responsi"ility o# economicreco$ery to the economist Halmar 2chacht !hoaimed at #ull production and #ull employmentthrouh a state-#unded !or&-creation

proramme. 'his proect produced the #amous German

superhih!ays and the peopleBs car, theeaue o# (ations in 1933,reoccupied the hineland in 1937, andinterated Austria and Germany in 193; underthe sloan, Jne people, Jne empire, and Jne leader.


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6pansion o# (a)i po!er 6urope 1948.


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In 2eptem"er 1939, Germany in$aded*oland.

'his started a !ar !ith 0rance and6nland.

In 2eptem"er 194, a 'ripartite *act !assined "et!een Germany, Italy and apan,

strenthenin HitlerBs claim tointernational po!er.

%y the end o# 194, Hitler !as at thepinnacle o# his po!er.

He attac&ed the 2o$iet nion in une 1941.

Mean!hile, the 2A had resistedin$ol$ement in the !ar.

+hen apan etended its support to Hitler


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'he (a)i +orld$ie!

'he crimes that (a)is committed !erelin&ed to a system o# "elie# and a set o#practices.

(a)i ideoloy !as synonymous !ith HitlerBs

!orld$ie!. Accordin to this there !as no euality

"et!een people, "ut only a racial hierarchy.

In this $ie! "lond, "lue-eyed, (ordicGerman Aryans !ere at the top, !hile e!s!ere located at the lo!est run.

HitlerBs racism "orro!ed #rom thin&ers li&e

Charles =ar!in and Her"ert 2pencer.


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6sta"lishment o# the acial 2tate 'he (a)is uic&ly "ean to implement their

dream o# creatin an eclusi$e racialcommunity o# pure Germans "y physicallyeliminatin all those !ho !ere seen asundesira"leB in the etended empire.Ne! !ords

(ordic German Aryans Jne "ranch o# thoseclassi@ed as Aryans. 'hey li$ed in north

6uropean countries and had German orrelated oriin.*olice escortin ypsies !hoare"ein deported to Ausch!it),

1943-1944.


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Eouth in (a)i Germany All school s !ere cleansedB and puri@edB. 'his meant that teachers !ho !ere e!s or seen as

politically unrelia"leB !ere dismissed.

ndesira"le childrenB e!s, the physically

handicapped, Gypsies !ere thro!n out o# schools.And @nally in the 194s, they !ere ta&en to the as

cham"ers.

'en-year-olds had to enter un$ol&.

At 14, all "oys had to oin the (a)i youthoranisation Hitler Eouth !here they learnt to!orship !ar, lori#y aression and $iolence,condemn democracy, and hate e!s, communists,Gypsies and all those cateorised as undesira"leB.


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A#ter a period o# riorous ideoloical andphysical trainin they oined the >a"or

2er$ice, usuallyat the ae o# 1;. 'hen they had to ser$e in

the armed #orces and enter one o# the (a)ioranisation.

'he Eouth >eaue o# the (a)is !as #oundedin 1988.

lassroom scene de&icting a lesson

on racial anti-emitism

e/ish teacher and e/ish %&ils


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'he (a)i Cult o# Motherhood

'he @ht #or eual rihts #or men and !omen thathad "ecome part o# democratic strulese$ery!here !as !ron and it !ould destroysociety.

+hile "oys !ere tauht to "e aressi$e,masculine and steel hearted, irls !ere told thatthey had to "ecome ood mothers and rear pure-

"looded Aryan children.In 1933 Hitler said In my state the mother is the

most important citi)en.B

%ut in (a)i Germany all mothers !ere not treatedeually.


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'he Art o# *ropaanda

(a)is ne$er used the !ords &illB or murderB in theiroKcial communications.

Mass &illins !ere termed special treatment, @nalsolution #or the e!s, euthanasia #or the disa"led,

selection and disin#ections.

6$acuationB meant deportin people to as cham"ers.

Gas Cham"ers - 'hey !ere la"eled disin#ection-areasB,

and loo&ed li&e "athrooms euipped !ith #a&e

sho!erheads.*ropaanda @lms !ere made to create hatred #or e!s.

'he most in#amous @lm !as 'he 6ternal e!.


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Jrthodo e!s !ere re#erred to as $ermin,rats and pests.

'heir mo$ements !ere compared to thoseo# rodents.

A (a)i poster attac&in e!


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2ome Important dates

Auust 1, 1914 - 0irst +orld +ar "eins.

(o$em"er 9, 191; - Germany capitulates, endin the !ar.

(o$em"er 9, 191; - *roclamation o# the +eimar epu"lic.

un 8;, 1919 - 'reaty o#


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the Crimes AainstHumanity

Many sa! the !orld throuh (a)i eyes, andspo&e their mind in (a)i lanuae.

'hey #elt hatred and aner sure inside them

!hen they sa! someone !ho loo&ed li&e a e!.%ut not e$ery German !as a (a)i.

Many orani)ed acti$e resistance to (a)ism,"ra$in police repression and death.

Charlotte %eradt secretly recorded peopleBsdreams in her diary and later pu"lished themin a hihly disconcertin "oo& called the 'hirdeich o# =reams.


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(a)i &illin operations !ere also called the Holocaust.

Made "y 2iddharth *anchal

Class IL A

oll (o. 14

2u"ect 2ocial 2cience

=enmar& secretlyrescued their e!s#rom Germany. 'his is one o# the"oats used#or the purpose.

history ch - 3 nazism and the rise of hitler

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