History of ASEANHistory of ASEANAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Melvin Ong 4J20Zhou Quan 4J33Matthew Yeo 4J31

BackgroundBackground Preceded organizationPreceded organization

– Association of Southeast Asia, established in 1961Association of Southeast Asia, established in 1961– consisting of only 3 countries (Thailand, Malaysia, consisting of only 3 countries (Thailand, Malaysia,

Philippines)Philippines) Prior to 1967, no regional association included Prior to 1967, no regional association included mostmost of the of the

countries of Southeast Asiacountries of Southeast Asia 19631963

o ties between Malaysia and Indonesia strained during the ties between Malaysia and Indonesia strained during the Confrontation in MalaysiaConfrontation in Malaysia

o Philippines broke off ties with Malaysia due to its claim Philippines broke off ties with Malaysia due to its claim over Sabahover Sabah

1967: leaders of 5 Southeast Asian countries realized it would 1967: leaders of 5 Southeast Asian countries realized it would be better to co-operate, rather than be at odds with each be better to co-operate, rather than be at odds with each otherother

Establishment of ASEANEstablishment of ASEAN

Aims and Objectives of Aims and Objectives of ASEANASEAN

Early beginnings of ASEANEarly beginnings of ASEAN

Establishment of ASEANEstablishment of ASEAN

On On 88th th August 1967August 1967, Ministers for , Ministers for Foreign Affairs of 5 countries Foreign Affairs of 5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) signed the Singapore and Thailand) signed the Bangkok DeclarationBangkok Declaration..

Establishment of ASEANEstablishment of ASEAN Established an Association of Established an Association of

Regional Cooperation among Regional Cooperation among countries in South-East Asia, known countries in South-East Asia, known as as Association of South-East Asian Association of South-East Asian NationsNations (ASEAN) (ASEAN)

Aims and Objectives of ASEANAims and Objectives of ASEAN To accelerate economic growth, To accelerate economic growth,

social progress and cultural social progress and cultural developmentdevelopment in the region through in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community prosperous and peaceful community of South-East Asian Nationsof South-East Asian Nations

To provide assistance to each otherTo provide assistance to each other in the form on training and research in the form on training and research facilities in educational, professional, facilities in educational, professional, technical and administrative spherestechnical and administrative spheres

Aims and Objectives of ASEANAims and Objectives of ASEAN To promote active collaboration and To promote active collaboration and

mutual assistancemutual assistance on matters of on matters of common interest in economic, social, common interest in economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fieldsadministrative fields

To maintain close and beneficial To maintain close and beneficial cooperationcooperation with existing with existing international and regional international and regional organizations with similar aims and organizations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among even closer cooperation among themselvesthemselves

Aims and Objectives of ASEANAims and Objectives of ASEAN

To collaborate more effectivelyTo collaborate more effectively for the for the greater utilization of their agriculture greater utilization of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoplesstandards of their peoples

To promote South-East Asian studiesTo promote South-East Asian studies

Aims and Objectives of ASEANAims and Objectives of ASEAN

To promote regional peace and To promote regional peace and stabilitystability through abiding respect for through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations principles of the United Nations CharterCharter

Fundamental PrinciplesFundamental Principles

All ASEAN Member Countries have All ASEAN Member Countries have adopted fundamental principles adopted fundamental principles contained in the Treaty of Amity and contained in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in South-East Asia (TAC)Cooperation in South-East Asia (TAC)

1.1. Mutual respect for the independence, Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality territorial sovereignty, equality territorial integrity and national identityintegrity and national identity of all of all nationsnations

Fundamental PrinciplesFundamental Principles

2.2. The right of every State to lead its The right of every State to lead its national existencenational existence free from external free from external interference, subversion or coercioninterference, subversion or coercion

3.3. Non-interferenceNon-interference in the internal affairs of in the internal affairs of one another;one another;

4.4. Settlement of differences or disputes by Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful mannerpeaceful manner;;

5.5. Renunciation of the threat or use of forceRenunciation of the threat or use of force

6.6. Effective cooperationEffective cooperation among themselves. among themselves.

Zone of Peace, Freedom and Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality DeclarationNeutrality Declaration

Signed on Signed on 2727thth November 1971 November 1971

All 5 members of ASEAN are determined to All 5 members of ASEAN are determined to exert initially necessary efforts to exert initially necessary efforts to secure secure the recognition of, and respect for, South the recognition of, and respect for, South East Asia as a Zone of Peace, Freedom and East Asia as a Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality, free from any form or manner Neutrality, free from any form or manner of interference by outside Powersof interference by outside Powers

Zone of Peace, Freedom and Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality DeclarationNeutrality Declaration

South East Asian countries should South East Asian countries should make make concerted efforts to broaden the areas of concerted efforts to broaden the areas of cooperationcooperation which would contribute to which would contribute to their strength, solidarity and closer their strength, solidarity and closer relationship relationship

ASEAN’s Development ASEAN’s Development 1970s~1990s 1970s~1990s

How ASEAN worksHow ASEAN works Members pledge to Members pledge to

rely exclusively on peaceful processes in the settlement of intra-regional rely exclusively on peaceful processes in the settlement of intra-regional differences differences

regard their security as fundamentally linked to one another regard their security as fundamentally linked to one another bound by geographic location, common vision and objectivesbound by geographic location, common vision and objectives

ComponentsComponentso political developmentpolitical developmento shaping and sharing of norms; conflict preventionshaping and sharing of norms; conflict preventiono conflict resolutionconflict resolutiono post-conflict peace buildingpost-conflict peace buildingo and implementing mechanismsand implementing mechanisms

Built on the strong foundation of ASEAN processes, principles, Built on the strong foundation of ASEAN processes, principles, agreements, and structures, which evolved over the years and are agreements, and structures, which evolved over the years and are contained in the following major political agreements: contained in the following major political agreements: o ASEAN Declaration, Bangkok 1967ASEAN Declaration, Bangkok 1967o Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality Declaration, Kuala Lumpur 1971Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality Declaration, Kuala Lumpur 1971o Declaration of ASEAN Concord, Bali 1976Declaration of ASEAN Concord, Bali 1976o Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, Bali 1976Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, Bali 1976o ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea, Manila 1992ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea, Manila 1992

ASEAN SummitsASEAN Summits ASEAN countries hold regular summits for enhancing cooperation, ASEAN countries hold regular summits for enhancing cooperation,

discussing and searching for solutions to potential problems, discussing and searching for solutions to potential problems, through the creating and signing of various treaties and agreementsthrough the creating and signing of various treaties and agreements

FrequencyFrequencyo 1976~1992: 1 summit every 5 years1976~1992: 1 summit every 5 yearso 1993~2001: 1 summit every 3 years1993~2001: 1 summit every 3 yearso 2002~now: 1 summit every years2002~now: 1 summit every years

Summit in Singapore: 1992: 4Summit in Singapore: 1992: 4thth summit summito Agreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme for the Agreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme for the

ASEAN Free Trade AreaASEAN Free Trade Areao Framework Agreement on Enhancing ASEAN Economic CooperationFramework Agreement on Enhancing ASEAN Economic Cooperation

There are also informal summitsThere are also informal summitso 1996: 11996: 1stst ASEAN informal summit, Jakarta, Indonesia ASEAN informal summit, Jakarta, Indonesia

    The First ASEAN SummitThe First ASEAN Summit

1976 in Bali, Indonesia1976 in Bali, Indonesia Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast AsiaTreaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia Declaration of ASEAN ConcordDeclaration of ASEAN Concord

REAFFIRM their commitment to the Declarations of Bandung, Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur, and the Charter of the United Nations; ENDEAVOUR to promote peace, progress, prosperity and the welfare of the peoples of member states;

UNDERTAKE to consolidate the achievements of ASEAN and expand ASEAN cooperation in the economic, social, cultural and political fields

- Excerpt from Declaration of ASEAN Concord Indonesia, 24 February 1976

Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast AsiaTreaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia BackgroundBackground

o Reduction of U.S. power in SA and the related collapse of anticommunist Reduction of U.S. power in SA and the related collapse of anticommunist regimes in South Vietnam and Cambodia in 1975 regimes in South Vietnam and Cambodia in 1975

o A powerful impetus to ASEAN's political developmentA powerful impetus to ASEAN's political developmento ASEAN shifted its emphasis to the promotion of economic development as ASEAN shifted its emphasis to the promotion of economic development as

the surest way of combating the internal appeal of communism in the ASEAN the surest way of combating the internal appeal of communism in the ASEAN nationsnations

o The Indonesian government even wanted to redefine the organization as a The Indonesian government even wanted to redefine the organization as a military alliance, but the other states rejected this proposalmilitary alliance, but the other states rejected this proposal

o Thus the first summit meeting eventually called forth the TACThus the first summit meeting eventually called forth the TAC                    

Principles envisaged as the foundation of a strong SA communityPrinciples envisaged as the foundation of a strong SA communityo mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial

integrity, and national identity of all nationsintegrity, and national identity of all nationso the right of every State to lead its national existence free from external the right of every State to lead its national existence free from external

interference, subversion or coercioninterference, subversion or coerciono non-interference in the internal affairs of one another non-interference in the internal affairs of one another o settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful mannersettlement of differences or disputes by peaceful mannero renunciation of the threat or use of forcerenunciation of the threat or use of forceo effective cooperation among themselveseffective cooperation among themselves

Economic Cooperation since the 1970sEconomic Cooperation since the 1970s

ASEAN embarked on a program of economic ASEAN embarked on a program of economic cooperation, following the Bali Summit of 1976cooperation, following the Bali Summit of 1976

Foundered in the mid-1980s Foundered in the mid-1980s

Only revived around 1991 due to a Thai proposal Only revived around 1991 due to a Thai proposal for a regional free trade area. The bloc then grew for a regional free trade area. The bloc then grew when Brunei became the sixth member after it when Brunei became the sixth member after it joined on January 8, 1984joined on January 8, 1984

The Dialogue SystemThe Dialogue System ASEAN did not seclude itself completelyASEAN did not seclude itself completely In 1977, 2In 1977, 2ndnd Summit in Kuala Lumpur, ASEAN heads agreed that the Summit in Kuala Lumpur, ASEAN heads agreed that the

association's economic relations with other countries or groups of association's economic relations with other countries or groups of countries needed to be expanded and intensifiedcountries needed to be expanded and intensified

ASEAN heads met with the PMs of Australia, Japan and New ZealandASEAN heads met with the PMs of Australia, Japan and New Zealand Setting the first example of holding meetings with leaders of non-Setting the first example of holding meetings with leaders of non-

ASEAN countries.    ASEAN countries.    

             1988: 11988: 1stst post-ministerial conference connecting ASEAN and its post-ministerial conference connecting ASEAN and its

dialogue partners, Australia, Canada, EU, Japan, New Zealand and USdialogue partners, Australia, Canada, EU, Japan, New Zealand and US Later, foreign ministers of dialogue countries met at these post-Later, foreign ministers of dialogue countries met at these post-

ministerial conferences with their ASEAN counterparts every yearministerial conferences with their ASEAN counterparts every year

Dialogues were held at various levels wide ranges, and more Dialogues were held at various levels wide ranges, and more countries joined the system after years - Republic of Korea, China, countries joined the system after years - Republic of Korea, China, India and RussiaIndia and Russia

A communist state in Southeast Asian region persisted as a concern for ASEANA communist state in Southeast Asian region persisted as a concern for ASEAN While the communist victories in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia suggested a While the communist victories in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia suggested a

cause of dissent among Southeast Asian region by the three countries' coalition, cause of dissent among Southeast Asian region by the three countries' coalition, it rather turned out that the three countries did not get along wellit rather turned out that the three countries did not get along well

Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978 ASEAN countries had to work for resilienceASEAN countries had to work for resilience ASEAN member nations continually proposed resolutions in UN, calling for the ASEAN member nations continually proposed resolutions in UN, calling for the

withdrawal of Vietnamese troops and democracywithdrawal of Vietnamese troops and democracy The nations also conducted continuous conversational attempts with the nations The nations also conducted continuous conversational attempts with the nations

involved in the conflictinvolved in the conflict

It could be said that such efforts combined to result in It could be said that such efforts combined to result in o Jakarta Informal Meetings in which four Cambodian factions discussed peace Jakarta Informal Meetings in which four Cambodian factions discussed peace

and national reconciliationand national reconciliationo 19-nation Paris Conference on Cambodia19-nation Paris Conference on Cambodiao Paris Conference on Cambodia in 1991 which produced the Comprehensive Paris Conference on Cambodia in 1991 which produced the Comprehensive

Political Settlement of the Cambodian ConflictPolitical Settlement of the Cambodian Conflict                    

ASEAN’s reaction during ASEAN’s reaction during Vietnam’s invasion of CambodiaVietnam’s invasion of Cambodia

ASEAN HeadquarterASEAN Headquarter Located in Jakarta, IndonesiaLocated in Jakarta, Indonesia Inaugurated on 9 May, 1981Inaugurated on 9 May, 1981

Joining of new membersJoining of new members 1984: Brunei1984: Brunei 1995: Vietnam 1995: Vietnam 1997: Laos, Myanmar1997: Laos, Myanmar 1999: Cambodia1999: Cambodia A political crisis in Cambodia prevented it from A political crisis in Cambodia prevented it from

joining ASEAN in 1997 as originally plannedjoining ASEAN in 1997 as originally planned

Admission of Vietnam

History of ASEAN History of ASEAN (1990-2008)(1990-2008)

ASEAN in the 1990sASEAN in the 1990s The Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme The Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme

was signed as a schedule for phasing tariffs and as a goal was signed as a schedule for phasing tariffs and as a goal to increase the region’s competitive advantage as a to increase the region’s competitive advantage as a production base geared for the world market.production base geared for the world market.

On July 28 1995, Vietnam became the seventh member, On July 28 1995, Vietnam became the seventh member, Laos and Myanmar joined two years later in July 23, Laos and Myanmar joined two years later in July 23, 1997.1997.

Cambodia later joined on April 30, 1999, following the Cambodia later joined on April 30, 1999, following the stabilization of its government. stabilization of its government.

The signing of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary The signing of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in 2002 as an attempt to control haze Haze Pollution in 2002 as an attempt to control haze pollution in Southeast Asia. Unfortunately, this was pollution in Southeast Asia. Unfortunately, this was unsuccessful due to the outbreaks of the 2005 Malaysian unsuccessful due to the outbreaks of the 2005 Malaysian haze and the 2006 Southeast Asian haze. haze and the 2006 Southeast Asian haze.

ASEAN in 2003ASEAN in 2003 ASEAN members met for a 2-day summit in Tokyo. ASEAN members met for a 2-day summit in Tokyo.

Japan joined the 10 Southeast Asian nations in a Japan joined the 10 Southeast Asian nations in a pledge to expand trade and join forces on regional pledge to expand trade and join forces on regional security on 11 Dec security on 11 Dec

‘‘ASEAN+3’ was created to improve existing ties with ASEAN+3’ was created to improve existing ties with the People's Republic of China, Japan, and South the People's Republic of China, Japan, and South Korea. Korea.

‘‘ASEAN+3’ then held the East Asia Summit, which ASEAN+3’ then held the East Asia Summit, which included these countries as well as India, Australia, included these countries as well as India, Australia, and New Zealand. Through the Bali Concord II in and New Zealand. Through the Bali Concord II in October, ASEAN believes that democracy will October, ASEAN believes that democracy will promote regional peace and stability. promote regional peace and stability.

On 21 Oct Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation leaders On 21 Oct Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation leaders ended their two-day annual summit in Thailand with ended their two-day annual summit in Thailand with a statement seeking to boost trade and to fight a statement seeking to boost trade and to fight terrorism. terrorism.

ASEAN in 2005-2006ASEAN in 2005-2006

20052005 ASEAN member states signed the Cebu ASEAN member states signed the Cebu

Declaration on East Asian Energy Security, Declaration on East Asian Energy Security, the ASEAN-Wildlife Enforcement Network the ASEAN-Wildlife Enforcement Network and the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean and the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate, responding to Development and Climate, responding to global warming and climate change.global warming and climate change.

20062006 ASEAN was given observer status at the ASEAN was given observer status at the

United Nations General Assembly. United Nations General Assembly.

ASEAN in 2007ASEAN in 2007 ASEAN celebrated its 40th anniversary since its ASEAN celebrated its 40th anniversary since its

formation, as well as 30 years of diplomatic formation, as well as 30 years of diplomatic relations with the United States. relations with the United States.

On 12 Jan, East Timor and France signed non-On 12 Jan, East Timor and France signed non-aggression treaties with ASEAN member countries aggression treaties with ASEAN member countries on the sidelines of the annual ASEAN summit in the on the sidelines of the annual ASEAN summit in the Philippine resort city of Cebu. Both countries Philippine resort city of Cebu. Both countries looked to strengthen ties with a bloc representing looked to strengthen ties with a bloc representing a sixth of the world's people. The next day, ASEAN a sixth of the world's people. The next day, ASEAN leaders meeting in the Philippines signed an leaders meeting in the Philippines signed an agreement to regulate migrant workers.agreement to regulate migrant workers.

The day after, ASEAN leaders meeting in the The day after, ASEAN leaders meeting in the Philippines signed an agreement to liberalize the Philippines signed an agreement to liberalize the trade in services between China and ASEAN trade in services between China and ASEAN countries. countries.

ASEAN in 2007ASEAN in 2007 In July, Southeast Asian foreign ministers agreed to In July, Southeast Asian foreign ministers agreed to

set up a regional human rights commission in the set up a regional human rights commission in the Philippines, overcoming fierce resistance from Philippines, overcoming fierce resistance from military-ruled Myanmar. Myanmar agreed not to military-ruled Myanmar. Myanmar agreed not to veto discussion over the human rights commission veto discussion over the human rights commission at a November summit.at a November summit.

On August 26, ASEAN has also stated that it aims On August 26, ASEAN has also stated that it aims to complete all its free trade agreements with to complete all its free trade agreements with China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand by 2013, in line with the New Zealand by 2013, in line with the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community by 2015, prompting economic ministers of by 2015, prompting economic ministers of Southeast Asian countries (ASEAN) and China to Southeast Asian countries (ASEAN) and China to strengthen product standards and safety. strengthen product standards and safety.

ASEAN in 2007ASEAN in 2007 ‘‘ASEAN+3’ foreign ministers gathered in Manila on the eve ASEAN+3’ foreign ministers gathered in Manila on the eve

of high-level security talks which included delegates from of high-level security talks which included delegates from the United States, Europe, India, Pakistan, North and South the United States, Europe, India, Pakistan, North and South Korea and other countries. Diplomats used the annual Korea and other countries. Diplomats used the annual gathering of nearly 30 nations to talk about issues such as gathering of nearly 30 nations to talk about issues such as North Korean crisis to the conflict in Darfur. North Korean crisis to the conflict in Darfur.

In November the ASEAN members signed the ASEAN In November the ASEAN members signed the ASEAN Charter, a constitution governing relations among the Charter, a constitution governing relations among the ASEAN members and establishing ASEAN itself as an ASEAN members and establishing ASEAN itself as an international legal group.international legal group.

ASEAN in 2008ASEAN in 2008

Japan and the Association of Southeast Japan and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed a deal to Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed a deal to tear down trade barriers between the two tear down trade barriers between the two organizations organizations

ASEAN said Southeast Asian and UN ASEAN said Southeast Asian and UN experts will have full access to cyclone-experts will have full access to cyclone-devastated parts of Myanmar, where more devastated parts of Myanmar, where more than a million people have still not than a million people have still not received any foreign help on 12 Junereceived any foreign help on 12 June

ReferencesReferences http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations#Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations#HistoryHistory

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/sp/0607/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/sp/0607/seongmin/seongmin.htmlseongmin/seongmin.html

http://www.aseansec.org/http://www.aseansec.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Association_of_Southeast_Asian_NationsAssociation_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations http://timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?http://timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?

subjid=583&title=ASEANsubjid=583&title=ASEAN