history of atomic structure
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History of Atomic Structure. How long have people been interested in understanding matter and its structure? Thousands of years Hundreds of years A few years Never. Ancient Philosophy. Who: Aristotle, Democritus When: More than 2000 years ago Where: Greece - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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History of Atomic Structure
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How long have people been interested in understanding matter and its structure?
A. Thousands of yearsB. Hundreds of yearsC.A few yearsD.Never
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Ancient Philosophy• Who: Aristotle, Democritus• When: More than 2000 years ago• Where: Greece• What: Aristotle believed in 4 elements: Earth,
Air, Fire, and Water. Democritus believed that matter was made of small particles he named “atoms”.
• Why: Aristotle and Democritus used observation and reasoning to explain the existence of everything.
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Aristotle
Democritus
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Alchemists• Who: Early “Scientists”• When: 500 – 900 years ago• Where: Europe, Asia and Middle East• What: Their work developed into what is now
modern chemistry.• Why: Trying to change ordinary materials
into gold.
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Alchemic Symbols
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Particle Theory• Who: John Dalton• When: 1808• Where: England• What: Described atoms as tiny particles that
could not be divided. Thought each element was made of its own kind of atom.
• Why: Building on the ideas of Democritus in ancient Greece.
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John Dalton
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Discovery of electrons• Who: J. J. Thompson• When: 1897• Where: England• What: Thompson discovered that electrons
were smaller particles of an atom and were negatively charged. ‘Plum pudding’ model.
• Why: Thompson knew atoms were neutrally charged, but couldn’t find the positive particle.
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J. J. Thompson
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‘Solar system’ model • Who: Ernest Rutherford• When: 1911• Where: England• What: Conducted an experiment to isolate
the positive particles in an atom. Decided that the atoms were mostly empty space, but had a dense central core.
• Why: He knew that atoms had positive and negative particles, but could not decide how they were arranged.
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Ernest Rutherford – born in NZ
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Orbits model • Who: Niels Bohr• When: 1913• Where: England• What: Proposed that electrons traveled in
fixed paths around the nucleus. Scientists still use the Bohr model to show the number of electrons in each orbit around the nucleus.
• Why: Bohr was trying to show why the negative electrons were not sucked into the nucleus of the atom.
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Niels Bohr
Bohr’s Model
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Electron cloud model• Electrons travel around the nucleus in
random orbits.• Scientists cannot predict where they will be
at any given moment.• Electrons travel so fast, they appear to form
a “cloud” around the nucleus.
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Electron cloud model
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What is the latest?
• Scientists have discovered many new smaller parts of an atom.
• Find out more!!!!!
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Atomic Structure TimelineRequirements:• Must include a title.• Must include a spot for each of the 7 items.• Must include at least the Who, When, and
What.• Must have a picture for each item – see
atomic model pdf atomic model resourceOptions:1. Flow Map format2. Standard timeline