history of edtech _abie

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Hypertext Markup Language

Multimedia

Liquid Crystal Display

Light Emitting Diode

Integrated Circuit

Televisions



Technology

-comes from the Greek term

“techne” which means

art or craft.



Educational Technology

-means the art or craft

of responding to

educational needs ..



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HISTORY OF

EDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGY



“Technology is commonly thought

of in terms of gadgets,

instruments, machines anddevices … most (educators) will

defer to technology as

computers.”(Muffoletto, 1994)



The history of “Educational technology

… can be traced back to the time when

tribal priests systemized bodies ofknowledge, and early cultures invented

pictographs or sign writing to record

and transmit information.” (Paul Saettler, 1990)



Comenius, Pestalozzi,

Froebel, Herbart and Montessori

contributed their own concept on

educational technology improving

educative process.

John Amos Comenius was

recognized as the pioneer

of modern instructional

technology by reason of his

book Orbis Pictus (The

World in Picture) which

was illustrated textbooks

for children studying Latin

& Sciences.

Edward Thorndike and John Dewey

formulated scientific theory of

learning and the scientific method,

respectively. Thorndike gave

emphasis to the use of empirical

investigation as a basis for an

organized process of learning. On

his part, Dewey introduced a

method of instruction in terms

scientific method in broad terms

The 19th century paved in the

advent of effective

technological development

including the production of

textbooks, use of blackboardsand improvements in writing

implements like pen and ink.

Photography was invented,

giving a way to a movement

called “Visual Instruction”.

In 1932, the first instructional

television program was aired at

the State University of Iowa.

About the same time, the 16

mm sound motion picture was

developed and this served as

the educational workhorse

during the audio-visual

movement of the time.

During World War II,

the U.S. government encouraged

the implementation of technology

of instruction for military training

programs. This gave impetus to asystem approach to instruction to

include: micro-teaching,

individualized instruction,

Language laboratories, behavioral

laboratories, behavioral

objectives, computer assisted

instruction and among others



History of Computers

3000 BC

1600s

1800s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

Abacus

Punched

Card Devices

Mainframes

Microcomputers

Internet

Calculators

First Electronic

Computers

Minicomputers

Microcomputer

Systems



Ancient Computing History

The AbacusMechanical aid used forcounting and making

quick calculations.

Still inuse

aroundthe

world.



Early Computing History

Invented the first mechanicalcalculator.

The Pascaline used cogs andgears to solve math equations.

PascalineBlaise Pascal



Mechanical Calculators

Jacquard’s Loom Joseph Jacquard

• First “programmable” machine.

• Used punched cards

(binary instructions) to

automate weaving loom.

• Punched cards were a

staple of early and

modern computer

programming.



Electronic Computer Systems

Used vacuum tubes inelectronic circuits.

Used punch cards to inputand externally store data.

Up to 4K of memory.

Programming in machine

language and assemblylanguage.

Required a compiler.

First Generation:1943-1956



First Generation:1943-1956

World’s first electronicdigital computer.

Used to produceWWII ballistic firing

tables for the U.S.Defense Department.

Electronic Numerical Integrator

and Calculator (ENIAC)



1956 IBM 350 RAMAC

Second Generation: 1957-1964

• Used t ransis tors ,

developed by Bell Labs.• Up to 32K of memory.

• Programming incomputer languages,such as FORTRAN andCOBOL.



Third Generation: 1965-1971

• Used integratedcircuits.

• Up to 3 million bytes

of memory.

• Lower cost, smallersize, and increasing

processor speed.



• Personal computers or PCs.

• Usually cost about $2,000 or less.

• Process over 1 billion operations persecond.

• “Stand-alone” or connected

to other computers as anetwork system.

Fourth Generation: 1972-Now

Microcomputers

TEA



Tim Berners-Lee

Developed HTML and the World Wide Web (WWW) wasborn.

1990’s

Connecting the World



Marc Andreessen

An original developer of Mosaic, thefirst browser software able to read

HTML.

Co-founder of NetscapeCommunications.



• Technologies of theFuture

• Advanced robotics

commonplace

• Smart houses

• Wearable computers

• Holodeck virtual reality

• Truly individualized

education

The 21st Century

• Only recently focused oncomputers.

• Internet current primary trend.

– Communication with

colleagues. – Lesson plan preparation.

– Student resources.

– Access research and bestpractices for teaching.



Modern Educational Technology History

• First instructionaluse of computerswas as a flightsimulator used to

train pilots at MIT in1950.

Mainframe Computer Systems

First use in publicschools taughtNew Yorkelementary

students binaryarithmetic in 1959.



Federal funds supported many large-scale projectsin mainframe computer-assisted instruction (CAI)in schools, colleges, and universities through themiddle of 1970’s.

Stanford University – first multimedia learningstation, Course writer

Programmed Logic for Automatic TeachingOperations (PLATO)

BYU – Time-shared Interactive Computer-Controlled Information Television (TICCIT)





Designed to support personalized

mastery learning:

Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) -

University of Pittsburgh Program for Learning in Accordance with

Needs (PLAN) - American Institutes ofResearch



• Introduced in late 1970’s.

• Adopted by public school systemsduring 1980’s.

– Apple II

– Commodore PET

– Radio Shack TRS - 80

Microcomputers in Education

Software!



Software

• Early courseware developed for mainframes were

provided by:

– Large hardware manufacturers

– Software systems companies

–

University development projects• New microcomputer software market driven

primarily by educators.

•Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC)

-Initially largest provider of educational software.-Funded by National Science Foundation.

•MicroSift, EPIE

-Provided courseware evaluations.



Authoring systems

Response to educators quest for input into design of

educational software.

Allowed educators to develop their own courseware.

Software

Authoring systems Required extensive expertise.

Extended time commitment.

Expanded work investment.



Computer Literacy

•Originally defined as programming skillsand tools such as word processing.

•Today’s world can only agree that the

term refers to skills that are constantlychanging.



Seymour Papert

Educational theorist mentored byJean Piaget.

Developed programming language

for young children based onconstructivist theory of education.

Raised national consciousness

about potential of technology tochange the educational system.



The Internet and the WWW

Biggest challenge for the publiceducational system has been how

to prepare schools physically andtrain teachers effectively for its usein the classroom.



Is

Technology

Boon or Bane?



Boon

1.something to be thankful for;blessing; benefit.

2. something that is asked;

a favor sought.http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bane



Technology is a blessing for man.

With technology,

there is a lot that we can do which we could not do then.

However when not used properly

technology becomes detrimentto learning and development.



In education, technology is bane when:

1. The learner is made to accept as Gospel truth information they get from the

internet.

2. The learner surfs the internet for pornography.

3. The learner has an uncritical mind on images floating on television s and

computers that represent modernity and progress.4. The tv makes the learner as a mere spectator not an active participant in the

drama of life.

5. The learner gets glued to his computer- assisted instruction unmindful of

the world and so fails to develop the ability to relate to others.

6. We make use the internet to do character assassination of people whom we

hardly like.7. Because of our cellphone, we spend most of our time in the classroom or in

our workplace of texting.

8. We use overuse and abuse tv or film viewing as a strategy to kill time.



WINTER Template

References

“EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY” by Dr. Paz I. Lucido & Dr. Milagros L.

Borabo

Credits to: Marife Garcia, Paula Navarro, Kreanne Pagdanganan

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