history of english test review. about _____ language dialects are spoken in the world
TRANSCRIPT
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HISTORY OF ENGLISH
TEST REVIEW
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About _____ language dialects are spoken in the world.
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About _____ language dialects are spoken in the world.
7,100
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Languages are classified into many linguistic _______.
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Languages are classified into many linguistic _______.
families
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Languages are classified into how many linguistic families?
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Languages are classified into how many linguistic families?
100
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English belongs to the _____ family of languages.
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English belongs to the _____ family of languages.
Indo-European
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Which of the following languages is NOT included in the Indo-European family: Latin, French, Spanish, German, or Arabic?
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Which of the following languages is NOT included in the Indo-European family: Latin, French, Spanish, German, or Arabic?
Arabic
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English is included in the _____ branch of the Indo-European family.
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English is included in the _____ branch of the Indo-European family.
Germanic
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All of the following languages are included in the Germanic branch except: Swedish, Norwegian, Italian, Dutch, or Yiddish.
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All of the following languages are included in the Germanic branch except: Swedish, Norwegian, Italian, Dutch, or Yiddish.
Italian (Italic branch)
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English is the world’s first ____ language spoken by more people around the world.
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English is the world’s first ____ language spoken by more people around the world.
global
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What language has the most native speakers (meaning it is their first language learned)?
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What language has the most native speakers (meaning it is their first language learned)?
Mandarin Chinese (over one billion speakers)
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English has about how many native speakers?
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English has about how many native speakers?
350 million
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English has about how many TOTAL speakers?
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English has about how many TOTAL speakers?
1.5 billion
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From 8,000 to 4,000 BC, what preliterate (without a written language) group of people lived in Europe?
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From 8,000 to 4,000 BC, what preliterate (without a written language) group of people lived in Europe?
Indo-Europeans
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The Indo-European people spoke _______. (which language?)
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The Indo-European people spoke _______. (which language?)
Proto-Indo-European
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Indo-European root words appear in a dictionary as:
A. /rût/ B. *sta- C. ak´sent
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Indo-European root words appear in a dictionary as:
A. /rût/ B. *sta- C. ak´sent
B (asterisk, bolded)
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_____ are words from different languages that come from the same ancestral root.
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_____ are words from different languages that come from the same ancestral root.
Cognates
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In 500 BC, which group made their way to England from the European continent?
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In 500 BC, which group made their way to England from the European continent?
Celts
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Which group is known as the first Britons?
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Which group is known as the first Britons?
Celts
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All of the following are true about the Celts except: they had red hair, they owned slaves, they introduced the hard g sound (get, egg), they had chiefs, or they rode in chariots.
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All of the following are true about the Celts except: they had red hair, they owned slaves, they introduced the hard g sound (get, egg), they had chiefs, or they rode in chariots.
they introduced the hard g sound—that was the Vikings
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Which group invaded England in 55 BC?
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Which group invaded England in 55 BC?
Romans
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This group of invaders was led by _____.
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This group of invaders was led by _____.
Julius Caesar
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Which language did the Romans speak?
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Which language did the Romans speak?
Latin
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About ___% of Modern English comes from Latin.
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About ___% of Modern English comes from Latin.
60% (many of these come indirectly from French words that were based on Latin words)
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Besides the Frisians and Jutes, what other invaders entered England in 450?
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Besides the Frisians and Jutes, what other invaders entered England in 450?
Angles and Saxons
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The Angles and Saxons were _____ tribes (where from?)
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The Angles and Saxons were _____ tribes (where from?)
Germanic
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The Germanic tribes were descended from a group of people known as the _____.
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The Germanic tribes were descended from a group of people known as the _____.
Teutons
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What did most of the Anglo-Saxon invaders do for a living?
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What did most of the Anglo-Saxon invaders do for a living?
they were farmers
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What language did the Germanic invaders speak?
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What language did the Germanic invaders speak?
Anglo-Saxon
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Into which three countries did the Romans and Anglo-Saxons push the Celts?
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Into which three countries did the Romans and Anglo-Saxons push the Celts?
Wales, Scotland, and Ireland
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From which group of people came words for war (battle), building (road), household items (table), and food (butter)?
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From which group of people came words for war (battle), building (road), household items (table), and (butter)?
Romans (these Latin words were already included in the Anglo-Saxon language when they arrived in England)
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From 500 to 750, which language was spoken in intellectual matters and the church?
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From 500 to 750, which language was spoken in intellectual matters and the church?
Latin
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Who converted King Ethelbert to Christianity in 597?
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Who converted King Ethelbert to Christianity in 597?
St. Augustine
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Which group invaded England in 787?
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Which group invaded England in 787?
Scandinavian Vikings
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The Vikings spoke the language of _____.
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The Vikings spoke the language of _____.
Old Norse
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All of the following countries are in Scandinavia except: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Egypt, or Denmark
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All of the following countries are in Scandinavia except: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Egypt, or Denmark
Egypt
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How many words did the Vikings add to the English language?
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How many words did the Vikings add to the English language?
1,000
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In 878, who won a decisive victory, expelling the Vikings?
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In 878, who won a decisive victory, expelling the Vikings?
Alfred the Great
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The language developed between the years 450 to 1100 is known as _____.
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The language developed between the years 450 to 1100 is known as _____.
Old English
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What work of literature was written in Old English?
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What work of literature was written in Old English?
Epic poem “Beowulf”
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Which group developed place names in England, like London, Kent, Dover, and Thames?
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Which group developed place names in England, like London, Kent, Dover, and Thames?
Celts
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Which group gave a name to England and English?
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Which group gave a name to England and English?
Angles (Angle-land)
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Approximately _____ words were in the Old English vocabulary.
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Approximately _____ words were in the Old English vocabulary.
24,000
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Of the 1,000 most common Modern English words, what percent are from Old English?
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Of the 1,000 most common Modern English words, what percent are from Old English?
80% (4/5)
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Which group added the following words to English: Thursday, leg, odd, husband, sky, skin, scrape, they, their, and them?
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Which group added the following words to English: Thursday, leg, odd, husband, sky, skin, scrape, they, their, and them?
Vikings
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Which group founded a colony named “Britannia” in the British Isles?
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Which group founded a colony named “Britannia” in the British Isles?
Romans
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Which group is credited with creating the King Arthur stories?
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Which group is credited with creating the King Arthur stories?
Celts
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In 1066, Edward the Confessor supposedly promised the English throne to _____.
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In 1066, Edward the Confessor supposedly promised the English throne to _____.
William of Normandy
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Normandy is in which country?
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Normandy is in which country?
France
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A council of elders appointed _____ as the King of England after Edward the Confessor’s death.
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A council of elders appointed _____ as the King of England after Edward the Confessor’s death.
Harold Godwin
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William the Conqueror defeated Harold in the Battle of _____.
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William the Conqueror defeated Harold in the Battle of _____.
Hastings
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Which economic system did the Normans bring to England?
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Which economic system did the Normans bring to England?
feudalism
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During the 1100’s and 1200’s, which language was spoken by the lower classes?
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During the 1100’s and 1200’s, which language was spoken by the lower classes?
English
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While English words were more commonly used, ___ words were more literary, and Latin words were more scholarly.
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While English words were more commonly used, ___ words were more literary, and Latin words were more scholarly.
French
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What major event spurred the English government to declare English as the official language in the 1300’s?
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What major event spurred the English government to declare English as the official language in the 1300’s?
Hundred Years’ War
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About _____ French words entered the English language after the Norman invasion.
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About _____ French words entered the English language after the Norman invasion.
10,000
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What percent of Modern English comes from French?
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What percent of Modern English comes from French?
28%
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Which language gave us words for administration, law, fashion, leisure, and science?
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Which language gave us words for administration, law, fashion, leisure, and science?
French
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After the French invasion, plural nouns were formed by adding –s or -es instead of ____ to words.
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After the French invasion, plural nouns were formed by adding –s or -es instead of ____ to words.
-en (Anglo-Saxon housen became French houses)
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The English said chicken and sheep; the French dishes from them were ____ and ____.
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The English said chicken and sheep; the French dishes from them were ____ and ____.
poultry and mutton
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During the 1400’s, what phenomenon happened that changed the way Englishmen pronounced their words?
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During the 1400’s, what phenomenon happened that changed the way Englishmen pronounced their words?
Great Vowel Shift
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Say the 5 vowels as they are pronounced in Spanish, French, Latin, and Italian.
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After the Great Vowel Shift, the pronunciation of words changed, but _____ stayed the same.
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After the Great Vowel Shift, the pronunciation of words changed, but _____ stayed the same.
Spellings
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The English spoken from about 1100 to 1500 is known as _____.
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The English spoken from about 1100 to 1500 is known as _____.
Middle English
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During the Middle English period, _____ endings were dropped from most English verbs.
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During the Middle English period, _____ endings were dropped from most English verbs.
inflectional (in Spanish verbs contain the prefix also: estoy, estas, esta, estamos, estan)
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Who is deemed to be the greatest author of medieval England?
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Who is deemed to be the greatest author of medieval England?
Geoffrey Chaucer
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Which book did Geoffrey Chaucer write?
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Which book did Geoffrey Chaucer write?
The Canterbury Tales
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Which language added the qu- (as in queen), the ch (as in church), and the gh (as in night)?
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Which language added the qu- (as in queen), the ch (as in church), and the gh (as in night)?
French
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Who revived education and translated Latin documents into Old English?
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Who revived education and translated Latin documents into Old English?
Alfred the Great
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The Normans were descended from which group of people?
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The Normans were descended from which group of people?
The Vikings
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Which group of people created the Robin Hood stories?
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Which group of people created the Robin Hood stories?
Anglo-Saxons (to get the French out!)
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What invention in the 1400’s spread literacy among common people?
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What invention in the 1400’s spread literacy among common people?
printing press
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Who brought the printing press to England and published 20,000 books?
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Who brought the printing press to England and published 20,000 books?
William Caxton
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Which book published in 1611 preserved traditional phrasings like spake and taketh?
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Which book published in 1611 preserved traditional phrasings like spake and taketh?
King James Bible
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Bibles of the day contained many ____, which are phrases that have their own meaning apart from the literal.
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Bibles of the day contained many ____, which are phrases that have their own meaning apart from the literal.
idioms
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Which “rebirth” occurred during the 16th and 17th centuries that added 12,000 words to English?
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Which “rebirth” occurred during the 16th and 17th centuries that added 12,000 words to English?
English Renaissance
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During the Renaissance, many scientific, _____, and mathematical words came from Latin and Greek.
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During the Renaissance, many scientific, _____, and mathematical words came from Latin and Greek.
medical
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The words panic, music, hypnosis, mercury, and titanium come from _____.
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The words panic, music, hypnosis, mercury, and titanium come from _____.
Greek mythology
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During the Age of Discovery, colonies were formed in Jamestown and ____, giving the start to American English.
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During the Age of Discovery, colonies were formed in Jamestown and ____, giving the start to American English.
Plymouth
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The English spoken from 1500 to 1800 is known as _____.
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The English spoken from 1500 to 1800 is known as _____.
Early Modern English
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Which author’s work is representative of Early Modern English?
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Which author’s work is representative of Early Modern English?
William Shakespeare
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In 1755, who published the first well-known English dictionary?
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In 1755, who published the first well-known English dictionary?
Samuel Johnson
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Johnson’s dictionary contained each word’s ____, which is its origin and historical development over time.
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Johnson’s dictionary contained each word’s ____, which is its origin and historical development over time.
etymology
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The English spoken from 1800 to the present is known as _____.
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The English spoken from 1800 to the present is known as _____.
Modern English
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Which author’s work is representative of Modern English?
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Which author’s work is representative of Modern English?
Jane Austen
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A _____ is a speech pattern in a particular geographical area or in a certain ethnic or social group.
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A _____ is a speech pattern in a particular geographical area or in a certain ethnic or social group.
dialect
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The three main dialects in the United States today are the Northern, ____, and the Midland/Western.
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The three main dialects in the United States today are the Northern, ____, and the Midland/Western.
Southern
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Thomas Jefferson was instructed to write which document in the “language of the United States”?
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Thomas Jefferson was instructed to write which document in the “language of the United States”?
Declaration of Independence
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In 1828, who published the first American English dictionary?
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In 1828, who published the first American English dictionary?
Noah Webster
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A ____ is a word or phrase that has been recently created or “coined.”
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A ____ is a word or phrase that has been recently created or “coined.”
neologism
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Which of the following is a “clipped” word: gym, advertisement, or love?
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Which of the following is a “clipped” word: gym, advertisement, or love?
gym, from gymnasium
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An ____ is a word created from the first letters of several words.
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An ____ is a word created from the first letters of several words.
acronym (MADD=Mothers Against Drunk Driving)
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A _______ is a word that begins to be used as a different part of speech
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A _______ is a word that begins to be used as a different part of speech
conversion (Happy to meet you = verb. Go to the track meet = noun.
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Words “borrowed” from other cultures from immigration, trade, and travel are _____ words.
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Words “borrowed” from other cultures from immigration, trade, and travel are _____ words.
loan
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_____ are words that have similar meanings.
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_____ are words that have similar meanings.
Synonyms
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Peter Mark Roget wrote the first ____, which recorded synonyms.
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Peter Mark Roget wrote the first ____, which recorded synonyms.
thesaurus
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More new words entered our language between the years _____ and 1899 than during any prior period.
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More new words entered our language between the years _____ and 1899 than during any prior period.
1850
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How many new words entered our language during the last half of the 1800’s?
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How many new words entered our language during the last half of the 1800’s?
25,000
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In the late 1800’s, what created the need to name many things that did not exist before?
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In the late 1800’s, what created the need to name many things that did not exist before?
Industrial Revolution
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During the Industrial Revolution, words entered our language from inventions and ____ products.
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During the Industrial Revolution, words entered our language from inventions and ____ products.
brand (Kleenex, aspirin)
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An ____ is a person’s name that is used to name a product, such as pasteurize from Louis Pasteur.
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An ____ is a person’s name that is used to name a product, such as pasteurize from Louis Pasteur.
eponym
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What text was published in 1928, updated in 1989, and is currently being updated online?
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What text was published in 1928, updated in 1989, and is currently being updated online?
Oxford English Dictionary
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An Internet group claims that English now has over ____ number of words.
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An Internet group claims that English now has over ____ number of words.
one million
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The newest words being added to English come from trends, fashions, pop culture, literature, and this big one-- ____.
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The newest words being added to English come from trends, fashions, pop culture, literature, and this big one-- ____.
technology
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Only about _____ words are in common use.
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Only about _____ words are in common use.
200,000
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What language is considered the world’s most influential language?
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What language is considered the world’s most influential language?
English