History of Graphic Design

Prehistoric Art

Cave Paintings

Dating back to 35,000BC, paintings such as this are found throughout Europe and Asia.

Bhimbhetka,Madhya Pradesh,India by Sarbanidas Roy

As time progressed, so did

the artistic abilities of prehistoric

man/woman.

By 11,000BC show shading to indicate form is being added to cave paintings.

The Chauvet cave contains a vast array and unique collection of cave paintings dated up to 32,000 years old which makes them the oldest cave paintings in the world.

Note the expressive techniques that are used, such as the use of perspective in the

'panel of horses' which shows several animals on the same plane.

Egyptian Art

Depiction becomes Design

3100BC -

Tomb artwork reaches new heights in artistry.

Sennefer Tomb Interiors are virtually completely covered with images that tell the

stories of the Gods.

Tuts Tomb Crypt and sarcophagus are highly decorated with precious stones and metals.

Rosetta Stone Hieroglyphics

Images become the alphabet of the first written language.

Images become the alphabet of the first written language.

Illuminated Manuscripts

Handwritten manuscripts with illustrations on pages of vellum or parchment were for the rich only.

Production by scribes was extremely costly

and time consuming.

The use of gold leaf to embellish manuscripts added to the value.

Colors were created from a variety of mineral, animal and vegetable matter.

Books were hand bound with hide or fabric covers.

Book of Hours Valencia, c. 1460 Vellum, 167 leaves, 150 x 100 mm. Chemise binding.

The Printing Press

1445 - First printed book on a printing press (The Bible)

Invented by Johannes Gutenburg

It revolutionized the reproduction of books,

making them widely available.

Moveable type was handset

rather than handwritten.

Type was stored in type cases.

Letters were assembled to create the text.

Text was then locked into the press for printing.

Pages were pulled (printed) one spread (two pages) at a time.

Proofing is still done today when the first prints come off the press.

Todays modern sheet-fed presses can lay down multiple colors in seconds.

Victorian Design

1835-1900

Woodcut illustrations provided the graphics for

newspaper, magazine & book stories.

Nicolas de Larmessin II (ca. 1638-1694)

Habit dImprimeur en Lettres

(The Printers Costume)

ca. 1680. Engraving.

With growing consumerism in the United States, businesses found it more effective to depict images

of their wares in advertisements.

Early typography was generally a mish-mash of varying type fonts with less emphasis put on graphics, which were there only to draw attention to the poster.

Nicolas de Larmessin II (ca. 1638-1694)

Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709),

Perspectiva pictorum et architectorum

Chromolithography greatly improved the quality of printing so more detailed images could be made.

Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709), Rules and Examples of Perspective Proper for Painters and Architectstc.

Artisitic prints and books became even more popular as the cost of producing them lowered.

This allowed average wage earners to be able to afford them just as easily as the rich.

Vittorio Zonca (1568-1602)

Clement Clarke Moore

(1779-1863)

Visit of St. Nicholas

illustrated by

Thos. Nast

(1840-1902)

Chromo allowed for the addition of color to printed images further boosting sales of books.

Visit of St. Nicholas - Clement Clarke Moore; Inside spread

Photography

The worlds first camera was invented around 1840.

Though quality was not great, it allowed people to see actual images.

Within a few short decades, many improvements had been made.

Photography became a popular profession.

Matthew Brady was one of the first photojournalists.

Bringing the images

and the realities of the Civil War

to every day people.

Arts & Crafts Movement

1850-1900

The detailed ornamentation of Victorian design are pushed further with more organic images,

and the addition of color.

William Morris, English Designer

More stylish than its predecessor, Arts & Crafts art was used in home decorating as well.

Snakeshead 1876, by William Morris

Art Nouveau

1890-1912

Artwork became less detailed but remained colorful with flowing images.

Advertising posters utilized colorful graphics in the Art Nouveau style.

Bicycles (another popular item of the times)

were widely advertised with colorful posters.

Modernism

1910- 1934

First introduced to America at the 1913 Armory Show in New York City.

An International Exhibition of Modern Art organized by the Association of American

Painters and Sculptors.

It included 500 pieces of Modern European Art and over 1000 pieces of Modern American Art.

Over 200,000 people attended the month-long exhibition.

The shows goal was to introduce and create enthusiasm for the "moderns" of Post-impressionism, Fauvism,

Futurism, and Cubism.

Constructivism

1912-1930

A major shift in design away from organic to a more geometric look.

Another modern, it was an early Soviet youth movement based on an artistic outlook that aimed to encompass the whole spiritual, cognitive and material activity of man.

Art was no longer a spectator sport.

The viewer was now an active participant,

as political issues came to the

forefront through posters.ign.

Alexander Rodchenko led the Russian Constructivist movement during the unsettled

times in Russia.

After the revolution, the posters were used to promote social awareness.

Rodchenko poster urging Soviet citizens to become stockholders.

What is this poster

advertising?

1923 -

Baby Dummies poster for the Rubber Trust promoting baby pacifiers.

Bauhaus

1918-1932

Opened in Weimar, Germany in 1922 -

the Bauhaus school employed the top designers of the day.

Hannes Meyer

Lazlo Maholy-Nagy

Walter Gropius

Mies van der Rohe

Wassily Kandinsky

Marcel Breuer

Johannes Itten

Gunta Stoelz

The Bauhaus was a working school where masters (teachers) taught apprentices (students) in real world workshops.

Art Deco

1924-1936

The age of automation arrives and with it the

sleek new designs of Art Deco.

Sculpture

Architecture

Furniture

Household Goods

Transportation

Artwork

Art Deco advertising also took on the sleek, streamlined look of modern day.

Late Modern

1932-1990

Stephane Bucco

Graphic design is seen everywhere today.

What item do you think this design is found on?

Its a luggage tag.

Jody Barton - English

Swiss International

1946-1986

The Swiss have been long-

noted for their sleek,

contemporary styling -

Clean lines and smart use of space are hallmarks of

their craftsmanship in product design -

- and Graphic Design as well.

Object photography, sans-serif typography, lack of ornamentation -

and strict composition based on a grid system are characteristic of this style.

Logo design is another specialty in International Swiss design.

Digital

1986-Present

Consists of many sub-styles whose commonality is that they are all created with the use of

computers.

Digitally produced graphic design is found virtually everywhere -

as is digital corporate identity design.

Digital photo manipulation

Digital Illustration

Carlton Hibbert

mkay, thanks limoli

George Grie

TLB Designs

Design

30,000B.C. - Present