history of guidance and counseling (1)
TRANSCRIPT
Origin of Vocational Guidance
During the 1890’s, a man
named Frank Parsons
organized the Boston Vocational
Bureau. He is considered as the Father of Vocational Guidance.
he provides vocational
assistance to young people.
he train teachers to serve
as vocational counselors.
• In 1909, he published Choosing a
Vocation.
-he discusses the role of the
counselor and techniques that might be
employed in counseling.
- was divided into three areas;
1. Personal Investigation
2. Industrial Investigation
3. Organization and the work
Personal Investigation
Parsons advocates getting the
client to see himself /herself
exactly as others do and giving
the client recommendations about
methods that can be used for self-
improvement.
Industrial Investigation
Parson insists that counselors
must be thoroughly familiar with
all relevant details concerning job
opportunities, the distribution of
the demand in industries, and
courses of study.
Organization and the work
Parson also explain the need
to train vocational counselors.
This is to have relevant
vocational background, sound
judgement, character, and
maturity.
Others were also involved in the counseling
movement as its earliest stages. They were;
Jessie B. Davis
Anna Y. Reed
Eli Weaver
David S. Hill
Carl R. Rogers
C. Gilbert Wrenn
C. Harold McCully
Jessie B. Davis
his approach was based on self-study and the study of occupations.
his description of counseling seem to suggest that students should be preached about the moral value of hard work, ambition, honesty, and the development of the character as assets to any person who planned to entern the business world.
Jessie B. Davis
he use the “call” concept in relation
to the way one shoul choose a
vocation. When an individual was
called, he would approach it with
the noblest and highest ideals which
would serve society best by
uplifting humanity.
Anna Y. Reed
she established guidance services in the
Seattle.
she believes that guidance services could be
important as a means of developing the best
possible educational product.
she believed in stiff competition and that
people needed to give their best effort to any
assigned task in order to see themselves as
successful.
Eli Weaver
• established teacher guidance
committees in every high school in
New York City. These committees
worked actively to help youths
discover their capabilities and
learn how to use those talents to
secure the most appropriate
employment.
David S. Hill was a researcher in the New Orleans
school system, who used scientific
methods to study people.
his research studies pointed out the
wide diversity in student population.
he advocated and worked for a
diversified curriculum complemented
by vocational guidance.
Carl R. Rogers he focused on “client-centered therapy”
which he introduced in 1942 in his publication, Counseling and Psychotherapy.
he offers nondirective counseling as an alternative to the older, more traditional methods.
he stresses’s the client’s responsibility in perceiving his or her problem and enhancing the self.
C. Gilbert Wrenn
his classic contribution of the 1960’s “The Counselor in A Changing World ” also examined the counselor’s role in a society with changing ideas about human behaviour and changing schools.
he noted that the counselor must understand not only the student but himself also and his adult contemporaries.
C. Harold McCully implied that if school counselors were
to move toward bonafideprofessionalization, “they cannot afford to define their function on the basis of a retrospective analysis of what counselors have done in the past as technicians.”
he forecast the function of the counselor as a consultant and agent for change.
The Development of the Psychometrics
Psychometrics
is based on theory that
individuals differ on a variety
of characteristics.
is define as the
“measurement of the mind”
The Rise of School Counseling
Community Counseling
Vocational Rehabilitation
Group-Therapy movement
Career Education Programs
Professional Associations
End of the Report...
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