PowerPoint Presentation

History of India

11Standard SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. Elementa. Describe the development of Indian civilization; include the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire, the Golden Age under Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka.e. Explain how the geography of the Indian Subcontinent contributed to the movement of people and ideas.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.Harappan Civilization - Indus Riverhttp://www.fsmitha.com/h1/map06ind.htmThe ruins of Mohenjo-Daro; Indus Valley

Geography: LocationIndian SubcontinentBetween Arabian Sea and Persian GulfIndia, Bangladesh and PakistanHimalayas block India from rest of AsiaSocietal Effects:Little invasion b/c of natural barriersFavorable to trade b/c of access to H2O and large, rough coastline.

Geography: ResourcesResources:Tea SpicesOpium (poppy seed)CottonSocietal Effects:promoted trade encouraged imperialism (from the industrializing west)

Geography: MountainsHimalayasHindu Kush (Khyber Pass)West/East GhatsSocietal Effects:Protection and isolation from foreignersAryans= only significant land invasion

Geography: RiversIndusGangesBrahmaputraSocietal Effects:Provide fertile soilSites of ancient river valley civilizations (Indus)Holy river for Hinduism (Ganges)

Geography: ClimateVaries with each regionMonsoonsSocietal Effects:Winter monsoons blow dry air from NE west across the countrySummer monsoons shift winds and bring moisture and floodsNo summer monsoons= drought

Geography: Plateau/DesertDeccan PlateauThar DesertSocietal Effects:Plateau= most of the peninsulaMonsoons interfere w/everyday livingDesert= provides a natural barrier in the NW corner of India

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS IN INDIAAs far back as 200,000 years agoDebates surround how far back Harappan civilization stretches. Earliest strata indicates that by 2500 B.C.E., Harappan civilization was well established.

Indus Valley Civilizations11

12Indus River Valley Civilization 3500-1500 BCE

Two City States and many smaller villages HarappaMohenjo-DaroBoth hadcentrally planned cities city wallsPublic buildingsgranariestoilets, wells, drainage system brick lined sewers in the streets

13PoliticsGoverned by Priest KingsIndus Valley script never been translated Little known about:LifestyleBelief systemWe rely on architecture

14Indus Valley EconomyAgriculturalcotton and food cropsIndustry = textilesIrrigation CanalsCrafts, i.e. clay figurinesgold, silver and copper jewelry

15Social/ReligionPolytheist nature godsfertility goddess importantPriests/kings in villages had high importanceSome merchants but mostly farmers

16Early SettlementsFarming on Indus 3,200 B.C. -ishBigger than Egypt or Mesopotamia.Domesticated PoultrySheepgoats.Cotton by 5000 B.C.E.Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were the major cities

2,500 B.C. in the western part of South AsiaReferred as Harappan Civilization after its first discovered city, Harappa. Mohenjo-Daro = largest archaeological dig in region.Largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Not discovered until the 1920's. Most of its ruins, including major cities, remain to be excavated.

The excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro.PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.Indus Valley civilizationCities laid out in grid with a defendable citadel.Engineered sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems.Indoor plumbing w/showers and toiletsSimilarity in housing indicates little differences between social classes.

Typical Harappan dwellingCultureStandard SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. Elementa. Describe the development of Indian civilization; include the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire, the Golden Age under Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka.e. Explain how the geography of the Indian Subcontinent contributed to the movement of people and ideas. List five facts that will help you remember this Element: