JOHN MIGUEL F. MORALES

BSE-ENGLISH

THE EARLIEST LITERATURE

• 5500 years ago- Ancient Sumerians

• 3000’s BC- Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians and Hebrews

• Old Testament- Outstanding work of literature

• Chinese, Indians, and Persians-

• Created many significant works of literature

• influenced Western Literature

ANCIENT LITERATURE

• 900-300 BC- Civilization developed in Ancient Greece

• Epic Age

• Homer- 700BC, Iliad & Odyssey

• Lyric Age(800-475 BC)

• Sappho- love

• Pindar- songs of praise

• Attic Age (475-300 BC)

• Tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides

• Comedies of Aristophanes

• Herodotus

• Father of History

• wrote about Persian war

• Plato and Aristotle

• Most important Greek writers

• Influenced Western Civilization

ANCIENT LITERATURE

• Alexandrian Age (300-146 BC)

• Theocritus

• Pastoral Poetry

• Greco-Roman Age (146 BC – 529 AD)

• Lives of Plutarch and Greek Anthologies

• Titus Maccius Plautus and Terenc

• Writers of Latin comedies

• Vigil

• Greatest Roman Poet

• The Aeneid

• Ovid

• Metamorphoses

• 250 stories

• Marcus Tullius Cicero

• Philippics

• Attacking Mark Antony

• Julius Caesar

• Commentaries on the Gallic War

THE MIDDLE AGES

• 400’s – 1400’s

• Rome fell to the Goths- 400’s

• Greek and Roman poems and plays were forgotten

• Epic Poetry were brought

• Beowulf (700)

• Anglo-Saxon epic

• The Song of Roland (1100)

• French song

• Nibelungenlied / Song of the Nibelungs (1200)

• Scandinavian Sagas (1200’s)

• Narrative stones of adventure, fantasy and love

• 900’s – 1200’s

• The Celtic tales of King Arthur and the Knights of

the Round Table

• Great Britain

• Lyric Poetry (1100’s – 1200’s)

• Troubadours and Trouveres (France) and Minnesingers (Germany)

• Love Songs

• Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy

• First serious literary work written in European Language

• Geoffrey Chaucer (1300’s)

• Father of English Poetry

• Canterbury Tales

• Fix the form of English Language

THE RENAISSANCE

• Italy (1300)

• Europe (1400’s-1500’s)

• Petrarch

• Sonnet

• Giovanni Boccaccio

• Decameron

• Collection of hundred short stories

• Essays of Michael de Montaigne (France)

• Rollicking Tales of Francois Rabelais (France)

• England (1500’s)

• Francis Bacon

• Christopher Marlowe

• Blank Verse

• The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus

• Ben Jonson

• William Shakespeare

• Spanish Literature

• Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

• Spain’s best-known writer

• Don Quixote (1600’s)

• Worlds Greatest Novel

THE AGE OF REASON

• Greek and Roman classics gained new importance (1600’s-1700’s)

• Neoclassicist

• Rejected the authority of religious traditions

• Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Sir Isaac Newton

• Civil war in England (1642)

• Cavaliers

• Defending the King

• Puritans

• Defended the Parliament

• French Classics (1600’s)

• Tragedies of Pierre Corneille and Jean Baptiste Racine and Comedies of Moliere Voltaire

ROMANTICISM

• Europe (1700’s-1800’s)

• Jean Jacques (France)

• Represented the spirit of rebellion against the neoclassic world

REALISM

• Stendhal, Honore de Balzac, and Gustave Flaubert of France

• Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Leo Tolstoy of Russia

• Charles Dickens

• Realism was mixed with romanticism

• Emile Zola of France

• led the naturalist movement in literature

• Walt Whitman

• Combined realism and romanticism

THE 1900'S

• Writers increasingly experimented with form and technique in novels, stories, plays, and poems

• Literature often expressed the optimism and conservative ideals

• Authors of the 1920s wrote about disillusioned and rootless characters

• Lost Generation

• Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald of the United States

• The Great Depression of the 1930s led to literature that protested against what the authors considered unjust social conditions

• Latin-American and Japanese authors first gained international acclaim