history of marine science part 2 the vikings and the chinese
TRANSCRIPT
History of Marine Science Part 2
The Vikings and the Chinese
The Dark Ages
• With the collapse of the Roman Empire in 410 AD
• The advances of Marine Science through the knowledge of the _______, _______ and ____________ for the most part lost
• Marine Science takes a step back
• Here it is only the __________ and the __________ making any headway
Homework
• Read Chapter 2 pages 16- 18
• Study Questions p 2-16 #1-4
Norsemen (Vikings) engaged in major voyagesof exploration in the North Atlantic during the European Dark Ages. Their ______ was perfectFor their Raiding ways
The Viking Ship Design
• Oseberg ship (above), the best preserved Viking ship ever found, reveals its Norse shipbuilders' graceful construction style.
Design through time
• More than in burial __________have been recovered by archeologists in ______________
• The same practice was followed by other groups such as the Saxons
• Vikings buried their important leaders with their ships it allows us to see __________ __________________________________
• The Saxon Ship Burial
The Sutton Hoo Burial Site
Raedwald, King of East Anglia who ruled from c.599 to 625AD
Anglo-Saxon ship of over 27 meters in length was revealed, containing a central burial chamber
Cargo Ships
• The _______ or ocean-going cargo vessel, which facilitated far-flung trade networks and the colonization of Iceland, Greenland, and America.
Keys to their Longship DesignThe Fighting ships
• The _______, or dragon-headed longships, were stealthy troop-carriers. They could cross the open oceans under sail and then switch to oars for lightning-fast hit-and-run attacks on undefended towns and monasteries
• The secret of the Viking ship lay in its unique construction.
• They then fastened the boards with iron nails to a single sturdy keel and then to each other, one plank overlapping the next. The Vikings gave shape to the hull using this "clinker" technique rather than the more conventional method of first building an inner skeleton for the hull.
The Raiding Ships
• The ships can carry troops and in the case of the Normans Horses
• Because of their stable low draft construction they could ___________
___________________________
• Both oar and wind driven. Oars make them very maneuverable and can be used when there is ______________.
They reached the coast of North America about 985AD
Vikings, led by Leif Erikson, colonized Iceland by 700 A.D. and North America by 1000 A.D.
This period of the middle age is known as the _____ age because
of the loss of intellectual knowledge
Dum
b D
ark
Sim
ple O
ld
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Dumb
2. Dark
3. Simple
4. Old
In the Dark Ages the two groups who were continuing sea
exploration were the
Span
ish a
nd Eng
lish
Chin
ese
and
Arabs
Vik
ings
and
Ost
rogoth
s
Vik
ings
and
Chin
ese
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Spanish and English
2. Chinese and Arabs
3. Vikings and Ostrogoths
4. Vikings and Chinese
Approximately ______Viking ships have been recovered in burial
mounds by Archeologists
1000
4000 40
015
0
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. 1000
2. 4000
3. 400
4. 150
Dragon headed Viking Longships used in war were called
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. Knarr
2. Drekar
3. Klipsch
4. Oden
Vikings used_________ to power their ships
0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Wind (sails) and ... Oars Only
Outboard Motors Sails only
1. Wind (sails) and Oars
2. Oars Only
3. Outboard Motors
4. Sails only
Viking ships were able to sail on the open ocean and up rivers due
to their
Low M
ast
Pla
nk Sys
tem
Low D
raft
Rudde
r
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Low Mast
2. Plank System
3. Low Draft
4. Rudder
Fastest Responders (in seconds)
9.86 Robert DelRio
10.49 Sonja Gspurnsing
10.92 Sabrina Lopez
12.13 Jessica Nikolla
12.29 Shqiprie Dreshaj
Chinese Explorers
Chinese Exploration
• Often Overlooked the Chinese contribution to exploration is impressive and valuable to this day
• Chinese Exploration
• On the grand scale of ship building: Marco Polo (1254-1324) talks of 4 mast merchant ships “The Treasure Ships”
The Compass
• The ____________is an old Chinese invention probably first made in China during the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.).
• Between 850 and 1050 they seem to have become common as navigational devices on ships.
• The first person recorded to have used the compass as a navigational aid was _____________ (1371-1435)
Zheng He
• Between 1405 and 1433, the Ming government sponsored a series of seven naval expeditions
• All led by Admiral Zheng He• Zheng He's first voyage consisted of a fleet of
around 300 ships holding almost 28,000 crewmen • Zheng He's fleets visited Arabia, East Africa, India,
Indonesia and Thailand (at the time called Siam)• Treasure Ship
• Zheng He flag "treasure ship" is four hundred feet long - much larger than Columbus's 85 foot long Santa Maria
• In the drawing below, the two flagships are superimposed to give a
clear idea of the relative size of these two ships.
Other Innovations
• Chinese ships had ______________
______ which could also be independently flooded to hold fish
• These watertight compartments helped prevent ships sinking same technology that the _________ employed
• _________ ________ system was also first used in these ships.
The Chinese were the first to use the _________ as a navigational
tool
Ast
rola
be
Com
pass
Sex
tant
Quad
rant
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Astrolabe
2. Compass
3. Sextant
4. Quadrant
Chinese Treasure Ships were _____ feet long
40 100 85 40
0
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. 40
2. 100
3. 85
4. 400
Which was NOT a Chinese sailing innovation
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1. The Compass
2. The Central Rudder
3. Watertight Compartments
4. The Astrolabe
The Greatest Early Chinese explorer was
Sun T
zu
Lao
Tzu
Mao
Tse
Tun
g
Zhen
g He
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Sun Tzu
2. Lao Tzu
3. Mao Tse Tung
4. Zheng He
Fastest Responders (in seconds)
2.96 Robert DelRio
3.41 Sabrina Lopez
3.87 Shqiprie Dreshaj
3.96 Paul Jednak
5.45 John Cacace
On to the Age of Exploration
• With the End of the Viking Era
• Europeans began to look to explore new worlds
• Starting the “Age of Exploration”
• Our next Unit