• How does this change attitudes to realism?• How does photography as a medium affect
painting?
Early Photography
Josiah Johnson Hawes and Albert Sands Southworth
Early Operation under Ether, Massachusetts General Hospital
ca. 1847Daguerreotype
Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon)
Eugène Delacroix
1855gelatin-silver print
Timothy O’Sullivan
A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863
1863gelatin-silver print
Realism
• Flourished in France from 1840 – 1900• Sought to portray “real life” rather than the
idealized views of the wealthy• Based on direct observation of the modern
world• Also coincided with the theories of Karl Marx,
who sought equality for the working class
Gustave Courbet
The Stone Breakers
1849oil on canvas5 ft. 3 in. x 8 ft. 6 in.
Gustave Courbet
Burial at Ornans
1849oil on canvas10 ft. x 22 ft.
Édouard Manet
Olympia
1863oil on canvas4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.
Titian
Venus of Urbino
1538oil on canvas4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in.
Academic Art
- So named because it flourished in the art academies of Europe- The most popular painting style for centuries- Highly polished and idealized
Adolphe-William Bouguereau
Nymphs and Satyr
1873oil on canvas8 ft. 6 in. high
Jean-Léon Gérôme
Police Verso
1872oil on canvas100.5 x 148.8 cm
Paul Peel,
After the Bath1890
Impressionism
In 1874, a group of artists called the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc. organized an exhibition in Paris that launched the movement called Impressionism.
-Short quick brushstrokes; pure, unblended colours-Shadows often rendered in colour rather than black or grey-Use of “shocking” colours-Often depicted midlle-class activities, scenes of urban life, new forms of leisure-Also showed modernization of landscape (railways and factories)-Centred in Paris
Claude Monet
Impression: Sunrise
1872oil on canvas1 ft. 7 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 1 1/2 in.
Camille Pissarro
Snow Effect at Eragny, Road to Gisors
1885oil on canvas
33 x 41cm
Claude Monet
Saint-LazareTrain Station
1877oil on canvas2 ft. 5 3/4 in. x 3 ft. 5 in.
Gustave Caillebotte
Paris: A Rainy Day
1877oil on canvasapproximately 6 ft. 9 in. x 9 ft. 9 in.
Camille Pissarro
La Place du Théâtre Français
1898oil on canvas2 ft. 4 1/2 in. x 3 ft. 1/2 in.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Le Moulin de la Galette
1876oil on canvas4 ft. 3 in. x 5 ft. 8 in.
Paul Gauguin
Martinique Landscape
1887oil on canvas
Édouard Manet
A Bar at the Folies-Bergère
1882oil on canvas3 ft. 1 in. x 4 ft. 3 in.
Edgar Degas
Ballet Rehearsal
1874oil on canvas1 ft. 11 in. x 2 ft. 9 in.
Edgar Degas
Little Fourteen-Year-Old Dancer
1879-81bronze, paint, tulle, satin, wood
Edgar Degas
L’absinthe
1876oil on canvas
36 1/4 x 26 3/4 in.
Berthe Morisot
Villa at the Seaside
1874oil on canvas1 ft. 7 3/4 in. x 2 ft. 1/8 in.
Claude Monet
Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (in Sun)
1894oil on canvas3 ft. 3 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 1 7/8 in.
Claude Monet
Rouen Cathedral: The Portal
1892-95oil on canvaseach approximately 3 ft. 3 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 1 7/8 in.
Edgar Degas
The Tub
1886pastel1 ft. 11 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 8 3/8 in.
Mary Cassatt
Little Girl in a Blue Armchair
1878oil on canvas35 x 51 in.
Mary Cassatt
The Bath
ca. 1892oil on canvas3 ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. 2 in.
Post-Impressionism
Wanted to incorporate not only impressions of what they saw aroundthem, but also to develop a unique artistic language to express emotion
Often more abstracted than impressionist paintings
Most important artists are Vincent Van Gogh, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne
Independent artists who followed diverse and unique paths
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
At the Moulin Rouge
1892-1895oil in canvas4 ft. x 4 ft. 7 in.
Vincent van Gogh
The Night Café
1888oil on canvas2 ft. 4 1/2 in. x 3 ft.
Vincent van Gogh
Starry Night
1889oil on canvas2 ft. 5 in. x 3 ft. 1/4 in.
Vincent van Gogh
Starry Night
1889oil on canvas2 ft. 5 in. x 3 ft. 1/4 in.
Paul Gauguin
The Vision after the Sermon
1888oil on canvas2 ft. 4 3/4 in. x 3 ft. 1/2 in.
Paul Cézanne
The Basket of Apples
ca. 1895oil on canvas2 ft. 3/8 in. x 2 ft. 7 in.
Mount Sainte Victoire
Paul Cézanne
Mount Sainte Victoire
1885oil on canvas
Paul Cézanne
Mount Sainte Victoire
1897oil on canvas
Paul Cézanne
Mount Sainte-Victoire
1902-1904oil on canvas2 ft. 3 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 11 1/4 in.