PENCIL MAKING INDUSRTY

1.historical background of pencil making

• In ancient Rome, scribes wrote on papyrus (an early form of paper) with a thin metal rod called a stylus, which left a light but readable mark.

• The word pencil comes from the Latin word pencillus which means "little tail".

HISTORY OF PENCIL

• First , sticks of graphite were wrapped in string.

• Later, the graphite was inserted into wooden sticks that had been hollowed-out by hand.

• The wood-cased pencil was born.

• An Italian couple, named Simonio and Lyndiana Bernacotti, create the first blueprints for the modern carpentry pencil for the purpose of marking their carpentry pieces

• In the late sixteenth century, a method for attaching strips of wood around graphite was discovered in Germany, and the modern pencil began to take form.

• In 1662 the first attempt to manufacture graphite sticks from powdered graphite was in Nuremberg (Germany)

• It used a mixture of graphite, sulphur, and antimony.

• In 1795, Nicholas Jacques Conte discovered a method of mixing powdered graphite with clay.

• Forming the mixture into rods that were then fired in a kiln.

• By varying the ratio of graphite to clay, the hardness of the graphite rod could also be varied.

• More graphite - blacker and softer the pencil

• In 1839, Lothar von Faber of Germany developed a method of making graphite paste into rods.

• He later invented a machine to cut and groove the pencil wood.

• The early 20 th century - development of colored pencils - graphite core was replaced by a pigments or dyes and a binder.

• Today, colored pencils are available in more than 70 colors

THANK YOU