history of the cruise industry ppt

7/27/2019 History of the Cruise Industry Ppt

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An Introduction to

the Cruise Industry

Part I


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An Introduction to the Cruise Industry How cruising began The purpose of original

cruises

Who cruised

What the cruise experience

was like

(information sourced from Duke University Library, Sel l ing the Sea, Cruise

Lines International Association, cruiselinehistory.com, jobmonkey.com,Wikipedia, Devi ls on th e Deep B lue Sea, pupilvision.com, ShipMates, Mirami

Webster Online)


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How Cruising Began

Today, taking a cruise for a vacation is a normal, every-day event. However, it has not always been that way. In

fact, you might be surprised to learn that it has only beena little over 40 years that warm Caribbean cruises wereavailable from Miami. Prior to that, a cruise was atransatlantic sailing between Europe and North Americaa means of transportation from one continent to another.

Heres a quick history lesson on some little known factsthat totally changed one industry and created a totallynew one! The industry we are now a part of!


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Was this the first documented cruise?

The Year? 1712

The Ships? The Duke & TheDuchess

The Captain? Captain WoodesRogers

The itinerary? 1708-1711circumnavigation

around the world

The crew? 333 men

But did you know that Woodes Rogers(ca. 167915 July 1732) was a piratehunter and the captain of the ship thatrescued Alexander Selkirk, whoseadventure is believed to have inspired

Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe!

How Cruising Began

Perhaps !??


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Todays cruise industry grew from commerce on the high

seas -- yes, there were passenger voyages too, but it was

not a primary focus, nor on a scheduled basis. But that

changes in 1818 when Black Ball Line, operating out of

New York, became the first shipping company to offer a

scheduled passenger service from the US to England.

The plan was to depart of the fifth of the month from New

York, while ships were to sail from Liverpool on the

seventeenth, beginning in January 1818.

1800s


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Named for the newly elected president, theJAMESMONROEinaugurated this service on the cold, windymorning of January 5, 1818, when she departed New Yorkunder Captain James Watkinson with eight passengers

and a cargo consisting of apples, flour, cotton,cranberries, hops, and wool.

The departure had been advertised in the CommercialAdvertisersince the October 24, 1817 newspaper edition.

1800s


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The first paddle-steamer to make a long ocean voyagewas the SS Savannah, built in 1819 expressly for the serviceof scheduled passenger crossings.

Savannah was an American hybrid sailing ship/side-wheelsteamer built in 1818. She is notable for being the firststeamship in the world to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Shedeparted NYC for Liverpool on May 22 1819, sightingIreland after 23 days at sea.

In spite of her historic voyage, she was not a commercialsuccess as a steamship and was converted back into asailing ship shortly after returning from Europe.

Paddlewheel !

1800s
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/33/SS-Savannah.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/33/SS-Savannah.jpg


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Even with a scheduledpassenger service company,

taking to the open seas was stillconsidered a mode of

transportation to get from oneland to another in the same

way we consider air, train, busand automobile travel. In fact,they weren't called cruises, but

crossings as people were

"crossing" from one land toanother. Passengers boardedthe ship in one country, spentseveral days "at sea" and then

arrived at a destination.

Holland America Line was evennamed for these crossings.

Their voyages were fromHollandto America. Hence,

their name.

1800s


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By the 1830s steamships were introduced and dominatedthe transatlantic market. English companies dominatedthe market at this time, led by the British and NorthAmerican Royal Mail Steam Packet (later the Cunard Line).

On July 4, 1840, Britannia , the first ship under the Cunardname, left Liverpool with a cow on board to supply freshmilk to the passengers on the 14-day transatlantic crossing.By the way, did you know the Brittania was a paddlewheeler?

1800s


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During the 1850s and 1860s there was a markedenhancement in the quality of the cruise for passengers.Ships began to focus solely to passengers, rather than thecargo they were transporting. Plus, luxuries such aselectric lights, more deck space, and entertainment wereadded.

This type of ocean-crossing transportation continued togain popularity, especially in the luxury customer segment.These were the very elite customers -- who were served

everything on a silver platter.

1800s


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In fact, rumor has it that the wordPOSH comes from the days ofocean travel between England andIndia. The most interesting version ofthe story involves Peninsular andOriental Steam Navigation Company,which from 1842 to 1970 was the majorsteamship carrier of passengers andmail between England and India.

The P. & O. route went through theSuez Canal and the Red Sea, with noair conditioning and temperaturesexceeding 100 degrees easily. Thecabins on the port side on the way to

India got the morning sun and had therest of the day to cool off, whilestarboard ones got the afternoon sun,and were still quite hot at bedtime.

1800s


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On the way home, the opposite was true.

The cooler cabins, therefore, were the more desirable andwere reserved for the most important and richest travelers.

Their tickets were stamped P.O.S.H. (Port Out, StarboardHome )to indicate these accommodationsin large violetletters, according to one recollection.

This account of the origin of posh was even used in

advertising by the P. & O. in the 1960s.

Is it true? Whether fact or fictionits a story thats beenretold for yearsand you can entertain your clients withthis story!

1800s


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Things were quite different on the lower decks. People thatwere just hoping to get from one place to another andwere forced to scrape by in an area where they werepacked as tightly as a can of sardines. If you wanted toenjoy your trip, you had to be wealthy.

Lets take a look at cruising third class and see what it waslike:

1800s


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Prior to boarding, you had to pass a healthinspection. If you arrived in America andfailed your health inspection the cruiseline had to ship you back!

You are now separated from all otherclasses.

Once onboard, you are told where youcan go on the ship. Single men and

women are separated and assignedspecific sleeping locations. Marriedcouples with or without children areplaced together.

Your sleeping accommodation is a bunkrack, usually constructed of steel pipewith fabric stretched over theframework, at least three bunks inheight. Pillows are not provided, but,depending on the ship, a simple blanket

may be offered you.

1800s


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Third Class Cruisingcontinued

The bathrooms are communalbathing facilities aredivided by sex (IF they have facilities)

There is no air conditioning and fresh air is often lacking,since steerage is often below the water line, whichtranslates to no portholes.

While your first classes co-cruisers are dining in style, yourdining experience consists of long tables with tightly

spaced seating. Meals are served from large tureens.There's no menu -- everyone eats the same food, soupsor stews usually made from the cheapest cuts of meat.

1800s


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There are few stewards and meals are self-service.

Of course, there's no shipboard entertainment.

Third class passengers are considered commoditiesrather than guests and are treated as such, but are also

eagerly sought because they, rather than first classpassengers, generated high profits-simple mathematics(OK, some things are the same as today!)

And how long does your cruise last? If you're luckyto be aboard an express liner, typically about 6 days.

On slower, older ships, crossings of two to three weeksare the norm.

1800s


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By the early 20th century the conceptof the superliner was developed andGermany led the market in thedevelopment of these massive andornate floating hotels.

The design of these liners, as is donetoday, is structured to make the cruiseas smooth and enjoyable as possible.This includes the addition of elegantaccommodations and scheduled on

board activities.

During this time the Mauritania and theLusitania, both owned by the CunardLine, started the tradition of dressing fordinner and advertised the romance ofcruising the high seas.

But, speed was still the deciding factorin the design of these ships. And, inorder to make them as fast as possible,there was no space for large publicrooms, and passengers were requiredto share the dining tables.

1900s


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The White Star Line, owned by American businessman J.P.Morgan, introduced the most luxurious passenger shipsever seen in the Olympic (complete with swimming pooland tennis court) and Titanic.

Space and passenger comfort now were the focus overspeed in the design of these ships-resulting in larger, morestable liners. The sinking of the Titanic on its maiden voyage

in 1912 devastated the White Star Line, and in 1934,Cunard bought out White Star.

1900s


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During WWI and WWII, cruise ships were converted

into troop carriers and all transatlantic cruising

ceased until the wars ended.

Following the end of each war, European lines took

advantage of transporting refugees to America and

Canada, and business travelers and tourists to

Europe. The lack of American ocean liners at this time

forced the U.S. government to subsidize the buildingof cruise liners in order to compete. In addition, after

WWI, the Merchant Marine Act of 1920 was created.

1900s

Withi thi t S ti 27 itt it i l k


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Within this act, Section 27 was written -- it is also known asthe Jones Act, and deals with cabotage (i.e., coastalshipping). This law requires that all goods transported bywater between U.S. ports be carried in U.S.-flag ships,constructed in the United States, owned by U.S. citizens,

and crewed wholly by U.S. citizens.

The purpose of the law was to support the U.S. merchantmarine industry. However, the impact of this law today ismuch more far reaching!

1900s

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